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SECOND SEKIES: PULMONATA.

MANUAL

OF

CONCHOLOGY

STRUCTURAL IND. SYSTEMATIC.

WITH ILLUSTEATIONS OF THE SPECIES.

FOUNDED BY

GEORGE . TRYON, JR.

CONTINUED BY

HENRY A. PILSBRY, Sc. D.,

CONSERVATOR OF THE CONCHOLOGICAL SECTION OF THE ACADEMY OF
NATURAL SCIENCES OF PHILADELPHIA.

UROCOPTID.E.

PHILADELPHIA:
Published by the Conehological Section,

ACADEMY OF NATURAL SCIENCES OF PHILADELPHIA.
1903.

T 1

A key to the genera and subordinate groups of Urocoptida,
with a general discussion of the affinities and distribution of
the family, will form the Introduction to Vol. XVI, the first
two parts of which will contain monographs of the remaining
genera, and an Index.

I am deeply indebted to Mr. JOHN B. HENDERSON, Jr., of
Washington, D. C., for the use of his very large series of
Jamaican and Haitian Urocoptidce, and to Mr. P. "W. JARVIS,
of Kingston, Jamaica, who supplied me with many specimens
and valuable notes, and with maps showing the distribution
of Jamaican species. Messrs. SOWERBY and FULTON also have
courteously supplied information upon particular species de-
scribed by the former; and for still further information and
specimens I have to thank my friends Dr. WM. H. DALL, of
the National Museum, and Mr. GEO. H. CLAPP, of Pittsburg.

(v)

CONTENTS.

Family UROCOPTID^ Pilsbry & Vanatta.

(Eucalodino?. Mexico and Central America.)

Genus EUCALODIUM Crosse & Fischer 1

Genus ANISOSPIRA Strebel 1, 298

Genus CCELOCENTRUM Crosse & Fischer 30

Genus BERENDTIA Crosse & Fischer 57

Genus EPIROBIA Strebel & Pfeffer 59

Genus HOLOSPIRA von Martens 66, 300

Genus ARCHEGOCOPTIS Pilsbry (Haiti) 301

(Urocoptinae. Greater Antilles, S. Florida.) .... 105

Genus UROCOPTIS Beck 106

Jamaican species 114-147

Haitian species 147-161 ; 163

East and Central Cuban species.

162; 164-174; 186-188 ; 261-267

West Cuban species 175-282

Floridian species 177, 178

Genus SPIROSTEMMA Pilsbry & Vanatta (Jamaica) . . 284-297

Explanation of plates 305

Dates of issue of the parts of Vol. XV 323

(vii)

2 1

ERRATA.

The reference to plate 63, on pages 110, 9th line from bot-
tom; p. Ill, 16th line from bottom; p. 201, 10th line from
bottom, should read PLATE 43.

In place of the upper line on p. 143, read :

Section Bactrocoptis Pilsbry, 1902.

Pilsbry, Man. Conch, xv, pt. 58, p. 112, for U. rosea mon-
tana.

Reference to Map no. 2, on pp. 114 et seq., should read
Map no. 1.

On p. 205, fig. 25 should be deleted from the line under
head of U. NOTATA.

On pp. 211, 232, reference should be made to the dentition
of U. garciana, figured on pi. 43, f . 2 ; and on pp. 268, 270, to
that of U. gracillima, figured on pi. 50, f. 11. In this species
the radula is specialized less than in those mentioned on
p. 268.

(viii)

EUCALODIUM. 1

Genus EUCALODIUM Crosse & Fischer, 1868.

Urocoptis, section a, conico-turritse, ALBERS, Die Heliceen
edit. 2, p. 36 (I860). Eucalodium CROSSE & FISCHER, Journ.
de Conch, xvi, 1868, p. 88; Miss. Scientif. Mex., Moll. i. pp.
353-362. STREBEL & PFEFFER, Beitrag Mex. Land-und Siiss-
wasser-Conchylien, iv, p. 62. von MARTENS, Biologia Cen-
trali-Americana, Moll., p. 254.

Shell eylindric or cylindric-tapering, the upper whorls al-
ways lost in adults, the hole closed by a somewhat convex
partition, 7 to 14 whorls usually remaining; imperf orate, the
axis either straight or one-plaited, and solid or perforated by
a mere chink. ' ' Size comparatively large, between 84 and 32
mm. in length and 21 and 10 mm. in diameter." Surface cov-
ered with a thin cuticle, rib-striate or costulate. The last
whorl becomes very shortly free in front. Aperture ovate,
more or less angular above, the peristome free, thickened and
narrowly reflexed.

The foot is rather short, the peduncle uniting it to the vis-
ceral mass comparatively long. There are two accessory neck-
lobes. The kidney slightly exceeds the pericardium in length,
and is wide at the base; the secondary ureter is apparently
closed (pi. 49, fig. 17, E. blandianum, x 2; after Strebel).

The genital system (pi. 49, fig. 10, E. ghiesbreghti after
Fischer; fig. 11, 12, 14, E. blandianum after Strebel) is sim-
ple. The penis is rather swollen, with longitudinally plicate
internal wall (fig. 14) and a perforate septum at the apex,
where the retractor and epiphallus are inserted. The long
epiphallus is internally plicate below, but above the walls bear
pyramidal warts (fig. 12). The retractor muscle of the penis
is inserted in the lung floor. There is a moderately long
vagina, and the globose spermatheca has a duct about as long
as the uterus.

The free retractor muscles (pi. 49, fig. 16, E. Uandianum
after Strebel, diagrammatic,) are inserted high in the shell.
The columellar muscle has the usual distal insertion in the
posterior integument of the mantle, and gives off the other
bands in the following order: 1, the pharyngeal retractor;
2, the retractor of the left side ; 3, the right retractor. Each

Z EUC ALODIUM.

tentacular band gives off a branch anteriorly, uniting in a
plate over the buccal mass ; from this plate the ocular retrac-
tors arise (pi. 49, fig. 13).

The jaw (pi. 50, fig. 1, E. blandianum, after Strebel) is of
the usual arcuate shape, always has a slight median projection
below, and is made up of many narrow vertical plates.

The radula in E. yhiesbregliti is wide, with the formula
65,1,65 x 110 ; the transverse rows being nearly straight. In
all the other species examined it is narrower, with compara-
tively few teeth: 36,1,36 x 130 in E. blandianum (Fischer),
34,1,34 x 130 (Strebel for the same species) ; 24,1,24 in mexi-
eanum; 31,1,31 in E. edwardsianum, 26,1,26 in E, martensi
(Strebel). The teeth are similar in all, being of the type
common to most ground-living Helicidce. The rhachidian
tooth is tricuspid, the mesocone conic, a little over-reaching
the posterior border of the basal-plate. The lateral teeth are
similar except for the suppression of the entocones. Margin-
als also biscupid, the ectocone sometimes split (pi. 50, fig. 2, 3,
E. blandianum, after Fischer).

The intestinal tract (pi. 49, fig. 15. E. ghiesbreghti after
Fischer) should be refigured with the parts in their natural
positions, in order to compare with other genera. The sali-
vary glands are large and united. The fore-gut is very long,
as in other genera of this family. The stomach is thin-
walled.

" Geographically limited to the southern half of Mexico
and the northern half of Guatemala." They live on the
ground under dead leaves, chiefly in moist woods, and in dry
seasons bury themselves in the earth.

The most striking single character of Eucalodium is per-
haps the union of the ocular retractor muscles in a plate lying
over the gullet, The rest of the soft anatomy, so far as
known, does not differ remarkably from that of allied genera,

Subgenera.

EUCALODIUM s. str. : Axis carrying a strong, compressed,
spiral lamella, median in each whorl.

OLIGOSTYLUS : Axis simple and straight, or slightly curved
spirally.

EUC ALODIUM. 3

Subgenus EUCALODIUM s. str.

In this group the internal pillar is flattened and strongly
twisted to form a spirally ascending plate or lamella (pi. 5,
f. 20; pi. 7, f. 2, 12). The columella is more or less abruptly
truncate obliquely at the base, as seen in an oblique view.
Usually a careful inspection of that portion of the axis exposed
by the' truncation of the summit will show the form of the
pillar (see pi. 8, fig. 17) ; but it is better to expose it by cut-
ting a hole in the shell. Only three or four species of the re-
stricted subgenus are known. In all of them the cuticle is
thin and generally lost in adult shells.

I. Solid, strong-shelled species.

1. Very large, length 70 to over 80 mm., with sculpture
of coarse, low, waved wrinkles; pale brown or
dark red-brown.

E. decollation, and var. gliiesbregliti.

2. Smaller, length 52 mm., with close, low rib-strias;
white. E. compactum.

II. Rather thin, weakly wrinkle-striate, flesh-colored or
fleshy-brown; length 32-55 mm. E. mexicanum.

E. DECOLLATUM (Nyst). PI. 4, fig. 9 (type figure) ; pi. 1, fig. 1.

Shell thick, pale ashen, turreted-cylindric, the apex trun-
cate, base subumbilicate ; whorls a little convex, striate ; aper-
ture suborbicular ; columella one-folded; lip reflexed.

It is cylindrical, turriculate, the shell though thick is sub-
diaphanous. The spire is formed of 10 narrow, slightly con-
vex whorls, covered with longitudinal, slightly oblique strife,
more pronounced near the sutures, which are simple and not
deep. The summit of the spire is truncate, as in Bulimus
decollatus. The last whorl is very short, convex beneath, and
pierced by an umbilical chink which is not deep and is wholly
closed. The aperture is large, orbicular, detached from the
rest of the shell, and is a little oblique to the axis. Columella
provided with a fold in the middle, comparable with that of
the Clausilias. The color of the shell is ashen-brown. The
apertural side of the shell is much worn. Length 75, diam.
20 mm.

State of Tabasco, southeastern Mexico. (Ghiesbreght.)

4: EUCALODIUM.

Pupa decollata NYST, Bull de 1'Acad. Roy. des Sci. et
Belles-Lettres de Braxelles, viii, 1841, p. 344, upper fig. of
plate. Not Eucalodium decollatum Nyst, CROSSE & FISCH.,
Moll. Mex. p. 363, pi. 14, f. 3, 3a, Cylindrella decollata PFR.,
Monogr. viii. p. 427. v. MART., Biol., p. 260.

I have copied Nyst 's figure and the substance of his descrip-
tion. These indicate a species much like E. ghiesbreghti. I
am wholly disposed to consider that the long-lost species of
Nyst was based upon a pale and weather-bleached specimen of
that well-known species. The strong fold of the columella,
shown in Nyst's figure, shows that decollata was a member of
the typical section of Eucalodium, having a cork-screw shaped
axis ; and the number of whorls, solidity, size, etc., indicate the
correctness of my conclusion. I have figured (pi. 1, fig. 1)
a shell agreeing with ghiesbreghti in everything but color. It
is very pale brown or isabella-tinted, with slightly over 9
whorls, and measuring, length 70, diam. 20y 2 mm. This shell
seems to me to practically fulfill the requirements of Nyst's
description.

Crosse and Fischer have identified as decollata, a much
smaller shell, length 60, cliam. 16y 2 mm. (pi. 4, fig. 8), from
Vera Paz, in northern Guatemala, collected by Morelet. Al-
though their result was worked out with great care, it seems
to me erroneous. The finding of nearly white specimens of
E. ghiesbreghti gives us a shell in agreement with the original
description of decollata, and from the same locality; the ori-
ginal specimen of decollatum having been obtained by Ghies-
breght in the state of Tabasco, southeastern Mexico.

Var. ghiesbreghti (Pfeiffer). PL 5, figs. 18, 19, 20, 21.

Shell arcuate-rimate, cylindric-turreted, truncate, solid,
blackish brown ; spire tapering, broadly truncate ; 10-11 whorls
remaining, a trifle convex, the upper ones closely striate,
lower lightly sculptured with waved folds; last whorl free in
front, striate, angulate above, obtusely carinate below the
middle. Aperture oblique, subangulate-oval, the base some-
what effuse, with a strong compressed fold twisting around
the columella; peristome continuous, flexuous, whitish, nar-

EUCALODIUM. 5

rowly reflexed throughout. Length 82, diam. 22 nun.; aper-
ture with perist. 21 mm. long, 15 wide (Pfr.).

Chiapas, in S. E. Mexico, type locality. (Ghiesbreght).
Vera Paz (Bocourt) and Golan (Salvin), in N. Guatemala.

Cylindrella ghiesbreghti PFR., P. Z. S. 1856, p. 380, pi. 36,
f. 1; Malak. Bl. 1856, p. 215; Conchyl. Cab. p. 33, pi. 8, f.
18, 19 ; Monogr. iv. 694 ; vi, 364 ; viii, 426. TRISTRAM, P. Z. S.
1861, p. 231. SOWERBY, Conch. Icon, xx, pi. 1, f. l.Eucalo-
(litun ghicsbreghti Pfr., CROSSE & FISCHER, Journ. de Conchyl.
1868, p. 88 ; 1870, p. 13, pi. 5, f. 1-4 (jaw and teeth) . Moll. Mex.
p. 368, pi. 14, f. 4, 4<z (shell) and pi. 16, f. 14-21 (anatomy).
STREBEL, Beitr. Mex. Land-imd Siissw.-Conch., iv. p. 63,
pi. 5, f. 20 ; pi. 14, f. 11 a, &.; with form B, p. 64, pi. 7, f. 4.-
MARTENS, Biol. Centr.-Amer., Moll., p. 255.

The dark reddish-chocolate color (fading above and on the
base and whitish around the mouth), the low, spaced, waved
and anastomosing wrinkles of the surface, and the decidedly
tapering contour, are characteristic. The number of whorls
remaining varies from 9 to over 13. It is very solid and
strong, with a strongly angular columella, and a strong spiral
lamella on the internal pillar (fig. 20). I retain the form
varietally separate from E. decollatum merely on account of
its long standing in the literature, as it differs from that only
in color. Fig. 21 is from one of Pf eiff er 's types, after Strebel,
Fig. 19 from a typical specimen in coll. A. N. S. P., with 10^
whorls. Fig. 18 from Crosse & Fischer. Neither of these fig-
ures is turned to show the strongly angular columella.

One specimen before me (fig. 22) is isabella-tinted, paler
above, white behind the lip and the base. It has the form and
sculpture of the dark typical form, and a trifle over 9 whorls
remain. It is referable to typical E. decollatum.

E. COMPACTUM Pilsbry. PI. 7, figs. 1, 2, 3.

Shell cylindric-tapering, solid, having a short, deep, closed
umbilical chink; the cuticle thin (deciduous?) very pale
straw-colored; composed of 8i/> narrow, somewhat convex
whorls, which are rather strongly striate, the striae arcuate,
from one-half to one-third of a mm. apart except on the last

O EUCALODIUM.

whorl where they stand closer; last whorl becoming very
shortly free in front, distinctly angular at the periphery on
the front of the whorl, but soon becoming evenly rounded,
the usual peripheral cord being reduced to a mere trace on the
latter part of the whorl. Aperture oblique, irregularly ovate,
the outer and basal margins regularly arcuate, inner margin
straightened; peristome continuous, free, expanded and re-
flexed. Columella vertical, obsoletely truncate below. In-
ternal axis twisted to form a strong spiral lamella with ob-
soletely crenate edge. Length 52, cliam. 17 mm.

Tabasco, southeastern Mexico (Rovirosa).

E. compactum PILS., Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila. 1892, p.
338, pi. 14, f. 4, (Jan. 24, 1893). v. MART. Biol. Centr.-
Amer., Moll., p. 260.

Related to E. ghiesbreghti, but smaller, with different sculp-
ture and unlike in the shape of the aperture. It differs from
E. mexicanum by the great solidity of the shell, which is thick,
like gliiesbregliti, the distinct and regular striation, and the
shortness of the whorls. It is also a broader shell, with con-
spicuously flaring outer lip.

The color of the two shells known is grayish-white, one of
them retaining small traces of an extremely thin pale yellow
cuticle. There is none of the reddish hue of the allied species.
The whorls are unusually narrow. In the type specimen the
spiral lamella of the axis is less broadly projecting and less
acute than in the youger shell drawn in fig. 2. Its edge is
crenulated. The diameter of the shell given in my original
description included the lip, and hence does not agree with
the dimensions given above ; both descriptions applying to the
same individual.

E. MEXICANUM (' Cuming ' Pfr.). PI. 7, figs. 8, 9, 10; pi. 1,
figs. 2, 3.

Shell sulcate, rimate, turreted, lightly arcuate-striate and
under a lens punctulate, but little shining ; violaceous-brown ;
suture light, somewhat whitish. Whorls remaining 10, rather
flat, the last obtusely angular below the middle, produced
forward, carinate above. ColumeUa provided with a denti-

EUC ALODIUM. 7

form, compressed fold. Aperture slightly oblique, irregu-
larly oval, angular above; peristome continuous, reflexed
throughout, the right margin thickened, regularly arcuate, left
margin sinuous. Length 55, diam. 15, length of aperture 13,
width 101/0 mm. (Pfr.).

Mexico (Cuming) ; Tabasco (Berendt) ; Chiapas (Bland).

Cylittdrella mexicana ' Cuming,' PFR., P. Z. S. 1860, p. 139;
Mai. Bl. viii, 1861, p. 80; Monogr. vi, p. 364 (with var. minor} ;
Novit. Conch, iii. p. 435, pi. 97, f. 16, 17 (var. minor}. -
Eucalodium mexicanum Cum., CROSSE & FISCHER, Journ. de
Conchyl. 1868, p. 88; Moll. Mex. i, p. 369, with var. minor
and major. STREBEL, Beitrage iv, p. 62, pi. 6, f . 7 ; pi. 11,
f. 3 (radula), 11 (jaw), 16 (anat.) ; and var. minor, p. 63,
pi. 5, f. 11.

The original description is given above. The specimens be-
fore me are rather thin, flesh-colored under a very thin,
pellucid cuticle, which has been lost from most of the speci-
mens, but when perfectly preserved gives the shell a gray-
brown color, with pink more or less obviously showing through.
The sculpture is of irregular, slightly oblique and weakly
arcuate growth-wrinkles, the early whorls more regularly
though weakly costulate. The base is angular in front, the
carina varying in strength and persistence. The last whorl
is shortly free, the length of the free portion varying a good
deal, and there is also wide variation in the shape of the aper-
ture. Peristome white, narrowly reflexed. The colunaella is
markedly bent or excavated below. The internal column (pi.
7, fig. 12) is a flattened spiral, with the edge more or less
roughened by little projections, more widely spaced than in
E. compactum. With age the spiral becomes less acute and
the projections tend to disappear.

Length 46, diam. 13y 2 mm. : no. of whorls 8 1 /?,.

Length 50, diam. 13y 2 mm. ; no. of whorls 9% ; form more
tapering.

Length 49, diam. 13i/ 2 mm. ; no. of whorls 8%.

The fine sculpture (" sub lente punctulata ") of Pfeiffer's
type was obviously due to the condition of the slightly eroded
surface. The summit, with its granulose plug and the sig-
moid axial pillar, are shown in fig. 17 of pi. 8.

EUCALODIUM.

Var. MAJOR C. & F. Larger, more violaceous; whorls re-
maining IQi/o ; length 67, diam. 16 mm. Alta Vera Paz
(Bocourt) ; woods between Tactic and Tamahu (Sarg),
Guatemala.

I have not seen this large southeastern race, which ap-
proaches E. gliiesbregliti in size.

Var. MINOR Pfr. PL 7, figs. 11, 12, 13, 14.

Shell much smaller, thinner, with the same sculpture and
color.

Length 32y 2 , diam. 10 mm.; whorls 8. (Pfeiffer's type).

Length 33i/ 2 , diam. 11 mm.; whorls 7y 2 . Figs. 11, 12).

Length 36%, diam. 9% mm. ; whorls 8%.

The basal angulation is represented too strong in fig. 11.
The localities Alta Vera Paz (Bocourt) and woods between
Tactic and Tamahu ( Sarg) , both in Guatemala, and Juquila,
state of Oaxaca, Mexico, are given for this race. The speci-
mens before me are labeled merely Mexico.

Subgenus OLIGOSTYLUS Pilsbry, Dall, 1895.
Oligostylus Pilsbry, in DALL, Nautilus ix, p. 51 (Sept. 1895),

type E. blandianum.

The internal pillar is slender and either straight or slightly
sigmoid within each whorl, never flattened into a spiral
lamella. Externally the shell does not differ in any conspicu-
ous respect from typical Eucalodium. The typical species,
E. blandianum, has a narrower radula (teeth 36.1.36) than
typical Eucalodium.

This group includes most of the species of the genus. They
are in many cases closely related and difficult to distinguish.

1. Large solid species, length 70 mm. or more,

group of E. 'blandianum.

2. Smaller species, length less than 60 mm., in which the last
whorl is but shortly built out in front, the rib-sculpture is
moderately coarse, and the internal axis is slightly sigmoid,

group of E. splendidum.

3. Thin, somewhat fusiform, densely rib-striate species, in
which the last whorl deviates and descends considerably in
front, and the aperture is very oblique; axis is straight
and slender, group of E. speciosum.

EUCALODIUM. 9

Group of E. blandianum.

E. BLANDIANUM Crosse & Fischer. PI. 5, figs. 23, 24, 25, 26;
pi. 8, fig. 21.

Shell imperf orate, arcuate-rimate, cylindric-tapering, solid;
olive, the strice and short transverse wrinkles yelloiv. Surface
somewhat glossy, strongly striate obliquely, the strice much
narrower than the intervals, slightly arcuate, conspicuous by
their yellow color; the intervals more or less malleate.
Whorls gradually tapering to the broadly truncate apex, 8
being retained in the adult shell; the last whorl convex, the
base smoother, defined by a slight narrow carina, scarcely
modifying the general convexity except in front. The whorl
becomes very shortly free in front. Aperture quite oblique,
angularly oval; peristome white, obtuse, narrowly reflexed
throughout; columella gently spiral, not truncate or angular.
Internal axis (pi. 5, fig. 26) slender and nearly straight.
Length 78, diam. above aperture 20 mm.

Eastern Mexico: Mountains near Orizaba (type locality;
Salle, Bland, Botteri) ; rocky country near San Juan Mia-
huatlan, between Jalapa and. Misantla, on moist ground
among moss and herbs (Dona Estefania) ; Coatepec (Hoge).
Eucalodium blandianum C. F., Journ. de Conchyl. xvi,
1868, p. 276 ; 1870, p. 22 ; Moll. Terr. Mex., p. 374, pi. 14, f .
5, 5a (shell), pi. 16, f. 11-13 (radula). STREBEL, Beitr. Mex.
iv, p. 65, pi. 7, f. 2a-k, 5; pi. 14, f. 10 a, b; pi. 11, f. 4, 5, 12;
pi. 12, f. 2 a-o (anatomy). MARTENS Biol. Centr. Amer.,
Moll., p. 25S. Cylindrella blandiana PFR., Monogr. viii, p.
136. Cylindrella speciosa Dkr., SOWERBY, Conch. Icon, xx,
pi. 1, f. 2.-E. blandianum var. B, C. & F., J. de C. 1878, p.
251 ; 1879, p. 48 ; Miss. Scient. Moll, ii, p. 665, pi. 72, f. 2, 2a.
-E. b. var. minor C. & F., MARTENS, Biol. p. 633.

Somewhat glossy, yellowish-olive or more or less suffused
with brown, generally with the strise and wrinkles yellow, and
with some darker oblique streaks. The surface is malleated
in places, either in the interstices or involving the strias.
Figures 24, 25 are from Crosse and Fischer's type figures,
agreeing with specimens before me from Bland. Figs. 23,
26 are copied from Strebel's illustration of his form B, from

10 EUCALODIUM.

near San Juan Miahuatlan. Fig. 21 of pi. 8 represents the
sculpture of a specimenfrom Orizaba, magnified 5 diameters.
In some shells the irregular malleation and the subsutural
Wrinkling are much less developed.

Var. minor 'C. & F.,' Martens. Smaller than the typical
form, and the malleation of the shell is less distinct and less
rough; whorls 8 l / 2 , the last abruptly descending, and pro-
duced forward more than in the typical form. Length 65,
diam. 16!/o, length of the aperture with peristome 14, width

12 mm. (C. & F.)

The part of the Mission Scientifique au Mexique in which
this form is figured, is still unpublished, though quoted by
Prof. v. Martens.

E. SUMICHRASTI CROSSE & FlSCHER. PL 1, figS, 10, 11,

Shell slightly arcuate-subrimate, cylindric-turreted, rather
thick, solid; violaceous-brown under a shining, thin, rather
deciduous olivaceous cuticle. Spire a little tapering, widely
truncate ; suture impressed. 8 whorls remaining are a trifle
convex, rather narrow, regularly increasing, sculptured with
numerous delicate, close, subarcuate, but slightly projecting
riblets, the penultimate whorl slightly malleate, last whorl
slightly descending, shortly free, slightly protracted forward,
subangular above, having a slight obtuse keel below the middle.
Aperture oblique, irregularly angulate-circular, the base
somewhat effuse, interior white; peristome continuous, free,
thickened, narrowly reflexed throughout, white; columella
deeply situated, hardly folded. Internal axis unknown.
(C. & F.)

Length 61, diam. 18 mm. ; apert. with perist. 14^ mm.
long, 13 wide.

Length 66, diam. 19 mm. ; apert. with perist. 15 mm. long,

13 wide.

Southern Mexico: State of Chiapas (F. Sumichrast).

Eucalodium sumichrasti C. & F., Journ. de Conchyl. xxvi.

p. 250 (1878) ; xxvii, p. 46, pi. 2, f. 2 (1879) ; Miss. Scient.

Mex., Moll, ii, p. 665, pi. 72, f. 1, la. MARTENS, Biologia,

Moll., p. 633.

EUCALODIUM. 11

E. sumichrasti seems to be intermediate between E. blan-
<J id it urn and E. decollation Nyst, of which E. ghiesbregliti is
very likely a synonym. It is distinguished from E. Nan-
dianum by the less tapering spire, natter whorls, less visible
and weaker malleation of the shell, which at the same time is
more solid; the costulae are finer, more numerous and fili-
form; -the aperture is angularly rounded and milk white, the
peristome is pure white and not whitish, and finally, the col-
umellar margin is wholly without a fold. It differs from
E. decollation by the olive-green cuticle, distinct malleation
of the last two whorls, finer costulation and less irregular aper-
ture (C. & F.).

E. WALPOLEANUM Crosse & Fischer. PI. 4, figs. 1, 2, 3, 4;
pi. 8, fig. 22.

Shell imperforate, arcuately rimate, cylindric-tapering,
moderately solid, brownish-yellow with indistinct darker
streaks or reddish-brown. Surface somewhat glossy, sculp-
tured with regular thread-like striae separated by much wider
intervals, which are closely and finely wrinkle-striate spirally,
the spirals sometimes passing over the stria also. The spire
tapers above, but several later whorls are of about equal dia-
meter; apex truncate. Whorls remaining about 10 (9 to 12),
convex, the last having the base defined by a small carina;
shortly free in front, aperture somewhat oblique, ovate, angu-
lar above, white or reddish inside. Peristome white, continu-
ous, narrowly reflexed throughout. Columella oblique, a little
excavated below. Internal column slender, a little sinuous.
Length 75, diam. 18 mm.

Southeastern Mexico: Woods of Palenque, Chiapas (type
locality, Morelet) ; Chiapas (Boucard). Northern Guate-
mala: Mountains of Vera Paz (Bocourt) ; Golan (Salvin) ;
woods between Tactic and Tamahu (Sarg.).

Eucalodium walpoleanum C. & F., Journ. de Conchyl. 1872,
p. 75; Moll. Mex. i, p. 377, pi. 14, f. 6, 6cr, v. Mart., P. Z. S.
1875, p. 648; Biol. Centr. Amer., Moll., p. 259. -- STREBEL
Eeitrag, iv, p. 67, pi. 7, f. 1 a, b; pi. 14, f. l2.Cylindrella
walpolei SOWB., Conch. Icon, xx, pi. 6, f. 51. -- Cylindrella

12

EUCALODIUM.

walpoleana PPR., Monogr. viii, p. 427*Cylindrella decollata
Nyst, PFR. in Philippi, Abbild. ii, p. 47, pi. 2, f. 1. Monogr.
i, p. 368; Conchyl. Cab. p. 33, pi. 1, f. 2.

Very near E. blandianum, resembling it in size and color,
but somewhat more slender, and often of a darker brown tint.
The chief difference however, is in the sculpture, ' ' E. walpo-
leanum having more numerous and narrower, thread-like
riblets, their intervals being closely crinkled with spiral strige
(pi. 8, fig. 22). The basal angle also is more pronounced.
The internal column is slender and weakly curved in a spiral,
though usually less so than is shown in fig. 3.

Strebel has defined a small form, somewhat intermediate
between E. walpoleanum and E. 'blandianum,, as form B (pi.
4, fig. 5). In color and gloss it resembles E. Uandianum, but
has the sculpture of E. walpoleanum, the riblets standing as
close as in that species, though somewhat stronger. On the
penultimate whorl (16% mm. wide) there are about 100 rib-
lets, while in an especially small example of Uandianum with
the penult, whorl 17 mm. wide, there are only about 65 riblets.
The internal pillar is like that of E. Uandianum. This form
is from Cuatitlan and San Juan Miahuatlan.

E. INSIGNE Crosse & Fischer. PI. 4, figs. 6, 7.

Shell arcuate-rimate, cylindric-turreted, solid, hardly shin-
ing, livid ashen-flesh colored. Spire perceptibly tapering,
broadly truncate; suture impressed; 10 remaining whorls a
trifle convex, regularly and subobliquely costulate, the last
slightly descending, shortly free in front, subangular above,
the base regularly rib-striate, having an inconspicuous thread-
like keel below the middle. Aperture slightly oblique, suban-
gularly ovate, whitish inside ; peristome continuous, thickened,
shortly reflexed throughout, whitish, the columellar margin
slightly subplicate within. Internal axis unknown. Length
74, diam. 18 mm. (C.&F.).

Southern Mexico (Ghiesbreght).

E. insujne C. & F., Journ. cle Conchyl. 1872, p. 301 ; Moll.
Mex. i, p. 366, pi. 14, f . 7, la. - - v. MART., Biologia Centr.-
Amer., Moll., p. 259. -- Cylindrella insignis C. &. F., PFR.,
Monogr, viii, p. 428.

EUCALODIUM. 13

Differs from E. walpoleanum in sculpture and form of the
aperture. It is more slender than the closely related E. ghies-
breghti, and paler in color. From the form of the columella,
it probably has a straight and simple internal pillar.

Group of E. splendidum.

E. GRANDE (Pfeiffer). PL 6, figs. 30, 31, 32, 36, 37; pi. 8,
fig. 20.

Shell deeply rimate, turreted, broadly truncate, rather solid,
obliquely hair-striate, the interstices seen under a lens to be
obliquely striatulate, a little shining, brownish-ruddy. Suture
white-margined. 8 whorls remaining, a little convex, the last
obtusely carinate at the base, slightly protracted forward;
columella subplicate. Aperture slightly oblique, oval, sub-
angular above ; peristome continuous, narrowly expanded,
slightly reflexed. Length 56, diam. 17 mm.; aperture 131/2
mm. long, 10 wide (Pfr.).

Juquila, Oaxaca, in south-central Mexico (Boucard).

Cylindrella grandis PFR., P. Z. S. 1860, p. 139, pi. 50, f. 3 ;
Malak. Bl. viii, 1861, p. 80; Monogr. vi, p. 364; Novit. Conch,
iii, p. 455, pi. 100, f. 8, 9. SOWB., Conch. Icon, xx, pi. 1, f. 4.
Eucalodium grande Pfr., CROSSE & FISCHER Moll. Mex., i,
p. 371, pi. 15, f. 4. STREBEL, Beitr., iv, p. 68, pi. 5, f. 19.-
v. MARTENS, Biologia, Moll., p. 261. Eucalodium gracile
PAETEL, Catal., p. 102.

The number of whorls varies from 7 1 /4 to 8y s , the length
from 52 to 60 mm. The sculpture according to Strebel, who
examined one of Pfeiffer 's specimens, consists of fine, rather
weak, pretty closely crowded and only weakly arcuate riblets,
about 126 on the penult, whorl. They are not very regularly
arranged, and often are rib-like folds rather than ribs. On
the upper whorls they are sharper and more spaced, and as
usual they are more crowded near the aperture, coarser, and
fold-like. In the intervals, on the upper third of the whorls,
there are distinct, fine, sharp little folds, running obliquely
forward, showing also below on the last 3 whorls. The in-
ternal pillar is like that of E. walpoleanum, but perhaps more
sharply twisted around the axis. Aperture, peristome, col-

14 EUCALODIUM.

umellar fold and umbilical chink show no especial differences
from E. walpoleanum, to which E. grandis is closely related.
The riblets are closer and weaker than in E. blandianum.

E. SPLENDIDUM (Pfeiffer). PI. 6, figs. 33, 34, 35, 38, 39;
pi. 8, figs. 19, 23.

Shell rimate, turreted, broadly truncate, rather solid, with
oblique hair-like riblets, a little glossy, fleshy- violaceous ; sut-
ure with a white hair-line, crenulated. 8 to 8% whorls re-
maining, moderately convex, the last with a very obsolete
thread-like carina, shortly free in front. Columella subpli-
cate. Aperture nearly vertical, obliquely oval; peristome
continuous, white, narrowly reflexed, subangular above.
Length 46, diam. 15 mm. ; apert. with perist. 12 mm. long,
10 wide. (P/V.).

Zacatepec, State of Oaxaca, in south-central Mexico
(Boucard).

Cylindrella splendida PFR., P. Z. S. 1860, p. 139, pi. 50, f.
1; Malak. Bl. viii, 1861, p. 80; Monogr. vi, p. 377; Novit.
Conch., p. 432, pi. 97, f. 1, 2. SOWERBY, Conch. Icon. xx. pi.
1, f. 3. Eucalodium splendidum CROSSE & FISCHER, Moll.
Mex., i, p. 372, pi. 15, f. 3, 3a. STREBEL, Beitr. iv, p. 69, pi.
5, f. 17. von MARTENS, Biol. Centr. Amer. Moll., p. 261.

The figures given by Pfeiffer (pi. 6, fig. 34), Sowerby and
Strebel represent the shell as more inflated than E. grande,
from which it differs chiefly in the much more widely spaced
striation. The figures of Crosse and Fischer resemble the
specimen before me, which is probably one of the original
lot (pi. 6, fig. 35). The axis is noticeably sigmoid within each
whorl, and is moderately stout. It is hollow, showing a min-
ute, acutely ovate orifice at the apical truncation (pi. 8, fig.
23). The narrow, acute riblets of the surface are far more
widely spaced than in E. grandis, and as in that species, a very
minute sculpture of vertical wrinkles not parallel with the
riblets, may be seen in the intervals, chiefly below the sutures
(pi. 8, fig. 19).

EUC ALODIUM. 15

E. DECURTATUM (H. Adams). PL 6, figs. 27, 28, 29; pi. 1,
fig. 5; pi. 8, figs. 15, 16.

Shell arcuate-rimate, subcylindric, truncate, rather thin,
lightly plicate obliquely, pale rufous-tawny. Suture im-
pressed. Whorls remaining 6 to 7, rather flattened, a little
angulate above, the last shortly free in front, not descending,
very lightly thread-carinate above and at the base. Aperture
a little oblique, subcircular; peristome narrowly expanded
and a little reflexed, whitish. Length 28 to 29, diam. 10 mm. ;
diani. of apert. 6 mm. (H. Ad.).

Putla, State of Oaxaca, Mexico (Boucard).

Cylindrella (Urocoptis} decurtata H. AD., P. Z. S. 1872, p.
13, pi. 3, f. 20. PFR., Monogr. viii, p. 4:39.Eucalodium de-
curtatum H. Ad., CROSSE & FISCHER, Moll. Mex., p. 385, pi.
15, f. 5, 5a. v. MART., Biol. Centr.-Amer., Moll., p. 261.

The original description is given above, and the original
figure copied, pi. 6, fig. 27. The single specimen before me
(pi. 1, fig. 5, and pi. 8, figs. 15, 16) is flesh-pink with some
whitish over-color in streaks and diffused. Whorls 6^, the
first one sculptured with delicate, regular, wide-spaced riblets.
These become lower and less distinct on the subsequent whorls,
and much closer, crowded, on the last. The internal pillar is
slender and nearly straight, showing only a very slight twist,
less than in E. grande or E. splendidum. It measures, length
29!/o, diam. 9y 2 mm., being much smaller than either of the
species mentioned.

E. HIPPOCASTANEUM Dall. PI. 1, figs. 6, 7, 8, 9.

Shell rimate, cylindric, somewhat tapering above, rather
thin ; dark chestnut brown, becoming bright brownish-yellow
behind the outer lip. Surface somewhat glossy, regularly rib-
striate, the riblets oblique, arcuate, narrower than their inter-
vals, somewhat stronger and more spaced on the earlier whorls,
becoming closely crowded on the last whorl ; the intervals are
puckered by fine vertical wrinkles below the suture, obsolete
in places; and the convexity of the last two whorls is irre-
gularly malleated, interrupting the riblets more or less. Su-
ture impressed, marked by a fine yellow line. Whorls 6 l /2,

16 EUCALODIUM.

evenly convex, the last having the base defined by a low cord.
Aperture oblique, nearly round, slightly angular above, pur-
plish within with a white lip-border. Peristome continuous,
very shortly free above, obtuse, hardly expanded. Columella
oblique. Internal axis slender, slightly sinuous.

Length 28 l / 2 , diam. 10; length of aperture 8, width 7 mm.

Length 32, diam. 9.2, apert. 8 mm.

&an Sebastian, Jalisco, Mexico (E. W. Nelson).

E. hippocastaneum DALL, Nautilus xi, p. 61 (October, 1897).
-v. MARTENS, Biologia, Moll., p. 633.

Close to E. decurtatum, from which it differs in the dark
color and the stronger riblets of the later whorls. In other
respects the two species are alike. The type specimen has
8 whorls and is 32 mm. long; that here figured, one of the
type lot, is smaller with scarcely 6 l / 2 whorls remaining.

E. RECTICOSTA (Pfeiffer). PL 3, figs 21, 22, 23.

Shell rimate, subcylindrical, attenuated towards the trun-
cated apex, solid, whitish. Whorls 8, narrow, longitudinally
and closely ribbed, the ribs straight; the penultimate whorl
obtusely angulate above the suture, the last whorl at the peri-
phery, nearly smooth below the angle, not produced forward.
Aperture subvertical, obliquely oval ; peristome nearly sim-
ple, very narrowly expanded, appressed above. Length 36,
diam. 12 mm. ; width of the middle whorl scarcely 5 mm.

(P/T.).

Culata, near Manzanillo, State of Colima (W. Lloyd) ;
Oaxaca (Sowerby) ; Southeastern Mexico (Ghiesbreght) .

Cylindrella recticosta PFR. in Philippi's Abbild. u. Be-
schreib., ii, p. 48, pi. 2, f. 3(1847) ; Monogr. ii, p. 369 ; Conchyl.
Cab. p. 8, pi. 1, f. 21, 22. SOWERBY, Conch. Icon. xx. pi. 13,
f. ll9.Eucalo<Hnm recticosta CROSSE & FISCHER, Moll. Mex.,
i, p. 386, pi. 14, f. 12, 12 a. fc.-v. MART., Biol. p. 265.

Distinguished by its strong sculpture and white color. The
aperture is nearly circular, as broad as long. The internal
pilhir is unknown.

E. MOUSSONIANUM Crosse & Fischer. PI. 3, figs. 15, 16, 17, 18.
Shell slightly arcuate-subrimate, cylindric-turreted, rather

EUCALODIUM. 17

solid; white under a pale olive-tawny cuticle, streaked here
and there with darker, and but little deciduous, glossy. Spire
moderately tapering, broadly truncate; suture impressed.
Whorls remaining 1, slightly convex, rather narrow; orna-
mented with slightly arcuate, subobliquely longitudinal rib-
lets, which are somewhat irregular, peculiarly wrinkle-malle-
ate, and the color of the rest of the surface. Last whorl a
little descending, shortly free, slightly produced forward, a
trifle subangular above, with a slight inconspicuous, thread-
like carina below the middle. Aperture a little oblique, sub-
angulate-rounded, white inside ; peristome continuous, thick-
ened, narrowly reflexed throughout, white, the columellar
margin hardly plicate within. Length 44, diam. 14 mm. ;
aperture with peristome lO 1 /^ mm. long, 10 wide (C. & F.)

Mexico (Salle).

Cylindrella decollata var. B, PFR., 'Monogr. ii, p. 368. C.
speciosa Dkr., PFR., Malak. Blatt. iii, p. 216 (1856) ; Monogr.
iv, p. 695; Conchyl. Cab. p. 34, pi. 1, f. 3, 4:.Eucalodium
moussonianum CROSSE & FISCH., Journ. de Conch, xx, p. 225
(1872) ; Moll. Mex. i, p. 375, pi. 14, f. 11, lla. -- STREBEL,
Beitr. iv, p. 67, pi. 5, f. 16; pi. 13, f. 14. v. MART., Biologia,
p. 263. E. loucardi var. d, CR. & FISCH., Moll. Mex., p. 381.

' ' Agrees in its malleated sculpture, as well as in color, with
E. blandianum," but is much smaller, with shorter whorls and
rounded aperture. According to Strebel the internal pillar
is exactly like that of E. Mandianum.

E. NEGLECTUM Crosse & Fischer. PI. 3, figs. 19, 20.

Shell arcuate-rimate, cylindric-turreted, solid, little shining,
pale ashy-brown. Spire suddenly attenuated above, rather
broadly truncate, the suture impressed. Whorls remaining
9, a little convex, subobliquely rib-striate, the first 2 attenu-
ated, those following somewhat inflated, the last slightly des-
cending, shortly free, very obtusely subangular above, incon-
spicuously thread-carinate below the middle. Columella in-
conspicuously subplicate. Aperture slightly oblique, sub-
angulate rounded, dirty white inside; peristome continuous,
somewhat thickened, narrowly reflexed throughout, whitish.

18 EUCALODIUM.

Length 38, diam. 11 mm. ; aperture with peristome 8y 2 mm.
long, 8 wide (C. & F.}.

Oaxaca, central Mexico (Boucard).

E. neglcctum C. &. F., Journ. de Conch, xx, p. 302, 1872;
Moll. Mex. i, p. 373, pi. 14, f. 8, 8a. STREBEL, Beitr. iv, p. 67,
pi. 13, f. 15. v. MART., Biol., pp. 263.

Distinct by its small aperture and narrow whorls. I have
not seen specimens.

E. MARTENS: Strebel. PL 3, figs. 2-1-33.

"Adult shell cylindric-turrete, with close-set very fine
stria?, which are more oblique in the upper half, more vertical
in the lower half of the visible part of each whorl, glossy,
greenish-brown, white at the suture. Remaining whorls 61/2-8 ;
on the upper whorls the stria? are comparatively stronger (so
much elevated that the sculpture might be termed costulate),
a little rough, and more equally oblique, being more vertical
just above the suture only. The upper whorls are also dis-
tinctly more convex than the lower ones. Aperture very little
produced beyond the suture, nearly circular, but rectilinear
above, where it is nearest the preceding whorl, and making
here a very obtuse angle with the strongly arcuated outer mar-
gin ; peristome continuous, as usual in this genus, very shortly
expanded, obtuse, white ; columellar margin also well arcu-
ated, but behind it, in the depth of the aperture, is a distinct
white fold, rising up very steeply, without angle. Young
specimens (figs. 32, 33) are somewhat concavely turrete, and
resemble the figure 8c in Philippi's Abbildungen ; they indicate
that the whole number of whorls is at least 14 or more, but
even in these the tip is truncated and the hole filled up by a
convex whitish wall. The dimensions of the adult specimens
(with continuous, expanded, and slightly produced peristome)
are some what dil'IV-rent, as shown by the following measure-
ments :

Largest (8 whorls) 35 mm. long., diam. 9i/^> ; aperture 7^
long (high), 7 broad.

Smallest (iy 2 whorls) 24i/o mm. long., diam. 8; aperture
6 long, 6 broad.

EUCALODIUM. 19

Most slender one (8 whorls) 251/2 mm. long., diam. 7; aper-
ture 6 long, 6 broad.

Angangueo, State of Michoacan, Mexico, under leaves of
Agave americana (Hegewisch) ; Omiltepec, State of Guererro
(H. II . Smith).

Bidimus truncatus PFR., Symb. Hist. Helic. i, p. 43 (1841) ;
Philippi's Abbild. neuer Conch, i, p. 55, pi. 1, f. 8; Monogr.
Helic. Vivent. ii, p. 154, and viii, p. 131 ; Malak. Blatt. xxii,
p. 37 (1872). REEVE, Conch. Icon, v, Bulimus, pi. 70, fig. 1
(not pi. 69, fig. 498) (young specimen). Cylindrella trim-
cat a (Pfr.), v. MART. Malak. Blatt. xii, p. 13 (1865). Euca-
lodium truncatum FISCH. & CROSSE, Miss. Scient. Mex.,
Mollusca, i, p. 392. v. MART., Biologia, Moll., p. 264, pi. 16,
f . 3-9. Eucalodium martensii STREBEL, Beitr. Mex. Land- und
Siissw.-Conch. iv, p. 73, pi. 13, fig. 13, pi. 11, fig. 8(radula)
and 14 (jaw), pi. 12, fig. 3 (genitalia). ? Cylindrella trans-
aperta SOWB., Conch. Icon, xx, pi. 9, f. 77.

Not Bidimus truncatus Brug., Encycl. Meth. i, p. 310,
Limn&a truncatida (Miill.).

The figures and description are from von Martens' account
in the Biologia Centrali Americana, based upon numerous
specimens from Omiltepec, collected by Herbert H. Smith.

A very peculiar, small species, long known by the young
shell only. The type of E. martensi Strebel is shown in
fig. 24. C. transaperta Sowb. (fig. 25) may possibly be re-
lated, but it differs in the form of the aperture and the wider
lip, and may belong to Urocoptis (q. v.). Its habitat is un-
known.

(Group of E. speciosum. Sect. Rcsupinata v. Mart.).

Resupinata v. MART., Biologia Centrali Americana, Mol-
lusca, p. 255 (Nov. 1897), for E. speciosum, edwardsianum,
de shay esiai turn.

" Shell somewhat fusiform, narrowed below, last whorl
descending considerably beyond the suture, and the plane of
the aperture thus very oblique; color yellowish or brown."
Internal pillar very slender and straight. Type E. speciosum.

This group differs from typical Oligostylus in the thin shell

20 EUC ALODIUM.

and greater free deviation and descent of the last whorl ; but
it is somewhat difficult to assort the species into the two groups.
Several of them need re-examination to determine the char-
acter of the axis.

E. densecostatum, speciosum and cereum are very densely
rib-striate ; the others have more spaced or weak stria?, and are
doubtfully referable to this group.

E. DENSECOSTATUM Strebel. PI. 1, fig. 4.

Shell thick, rather cylindric, with about 8 whorls remain-
ing; somewhat tapering above; suture somewhat margined.
Last whorl only shortly free, at first pretty sharply keeled be-
low, the keel then becoming a low cord. The aperture is pretty
round, somewhat angular above; peristome shortly and rather
strongly expanded and thickened. The internal pillar is
rather straight throughout, the columellar fold short,
deeply situated, and formed as in E. edwardsianum and
boucardi. The most peculiar feature of the species is the
sculpture, which consists of exceedingly closely placed but not
very fine, slightly curved riblets (about 170 on the last whorl,
which is 12 mm. wide). The intervals are so narrow that
no sculpture can be seen in them.

Eastern Mexico: Orizaba (Botteri).

E. densecostatum STREBEL, Beitr. iv, p. 71, pi. 6, f. 10(1880).
-v. MART., Biologia, Moll., p. 261.

No other species has similar sculpture; E. boucardi has a
similar form, but coarser sculpture. E. speciosum Dkr.
(1 iifers in the shape of the shell, the whorls and the more spaced
riblets. Described from two dead discolored specimens.

E. SPECIOSUM (Dunker) . PI. 2, figs. 1, 2, 3.

Shell rimate, nearly cylindric, truncate, rather solid, sub-
diaphanous, whitish, silky, minutely costulate-striate, the stria?
lightly arcuate, more obsolete in the middle of the whorls,
whorls 91/0, a little convex, slightly increasing, the last free in
fronl, shortly descending, angular above. Columella with a
twist or fold. Aperture obliquely oboval, angular above;
prrisloine narrowly ivflrxed throughout. Length 21, diam.
lines [about 42, 11 mm.] (Dim AT/-).

EUCALODIUM. 21

Mexico (Gruner coll.) ; Cordova (Salle, Hoge) ; Coatepec
(Hoge) ; Jalapa and Cuesta de Misantla (M. Trujillo).

Cylindrella speciosa DKR. in Phil., Abbild. u. Beschreib.
i, p. 86, Cylindrella pi. 1, f. 19 (1844) . Eucalodium boucardi
var. minor, CROSSE & FISCHER, Moll. Mex. i, p. 381, pi. 15,
f. 6, 6. STREBEL, Beitr. iv, p. 71, pi. 6. f. 6.E. speciosum
v. MART., Biologia, Moll., p. 262.

Distinguished by its fine but strongly developed, thread-
like riblets, silk-like luster, descending last whorl and small
size. The internal pillar is very slender and straight. The
type had evidently lost its cuticle and color, like a specimen
before me. The riblets are less crowded than in var. boucardi,
and the shell is more slender.

Var. BOUCARDI (' Salle ' Pfr.). PI. 2, figs. 6, 7; pi. 8, fig. 18.

Shell arcuate-rimate, clavate-cylindric, truncate, rather
thin, provided with close, somewhat arcuate hair-like riblets,
transversely striated in the intervals; corneous-tawny. Su-
ture light, slightly marginate. Whorls remaining 9 to 11,
slightly convex, the last free in front, obliquely descending,
angular above, obtusely carinate below the middle. Aperture
angularly oblong, with a strong, twisted columellar fold;
peristome white, narrowly expanded. Length 52-56, diam. 13
mm.; aperture 11 mm. long, 8i/o wide (Pfr.}.

Cordova, (Salle, type locality), and Orizaba (Botteri),
State of Vera Cruz.

Cylindrella boucardi Salle, PFR., P. Z. S. 1856, p. 321;
Malak. Bl. 1856, p. 216; Conchyl. Cab. p. 35, pi. 8, f. 1, 2;
Monogr. iv, p. 695; vi, 365; viii, 429. Eucalodium boucardi
CROSSE & FISCHER, Moll. Mex. i, p. 381. STREBEL, Beitr. iv, p.
70, pi. 5, f. 15. v. MART., Biologia, Mollusca, p. 262.

This form is larger than speciosa or the following varieties,
but I agree with Prof, von Martens that it is not worthy of
specific rank. The shape varies a good deal, two specimens
measuring

Length 54, greatest diam. 12.3, diam. at apex 7 mm. 9*4
whorls.

Length 53, greatest diam. 13.5, diam. at apex 8.5 mm.
whorls.

'2'2 EUCALODIUM.

The ribs (pi. 8, fig. 18) are closer than in E. speciosum.
The internal pillar is very slender and straight, merely di-
lated a little near the floor of each whorl.

Other specimens before me from Cordova are much smaller,
down to 40 mm. long. The variations in the series lead me
to believe that the varieties of E. speciosum are without much
value.

Var. STREBELI v. Mart. PI. 2, figs. 4, 5.

Identical with E. boucardi in form, sculpture, pillar and
columellar fold, but more brownish, quite like E. edwardsia-
niun; remaining whorls from S 1 /^ to 11, weakly puffed at the
sutures; form much as in E. edwardsianum, but it is more
closely ribbed, with crowded spirals in the interstices. There
are about 116 riblets on the broadest whorl (12 mm. broad).

Dos Arroyos, a village on the road from Jalapa to Naolingo,
and Chirimoyo, a village near Jalapa.

E. ~boucardi form B., STREBEL, t. c., p. 71, pi. 5, f. 8, 9.-
E. speciosum var. Strebeli v. Martens, Biologia, p. 262.

Var. MINIMUM v. Martens.

Small, brownish-straw colored ; 8 whorls remaining ; Length
39, diam. 10 mm.

Cordova (Salle, Hoge) ; Atoyac (H. H. Smith).

E. boucardi var. g CROSSE & FISCHER Moll. Mex. i, p. 381.-
E. speciosa var. minima v. MART., Biologia, p. 262.

Var. FISCHER: v. Martens. PL 2, figs. 10, 11.

Somewhat solid, subdiaphanous, with a silken luster, pale
tawny, whorls 8~y 2 to 9 1 /", minutely, arcuately rib-striate, the
last suddenly descending, quite shortly free. Length 36,
diam. 9 1 /- mm.

Clii<inilniitl, State of Vera Cruz (A. Salle).

Eucalodium speciosum Dkr., CROSSE & FISCHER, Moll. Mex.
i, p. 379, pi. 15, f. 7, la.E. speciosum? var. fisckeri v. MART.,
Biol. p. 262.

E. CEREUM Strebel. PI. 7, figs. 4, 5, 6, 7.

Shell with some silky luster, thin though also strong, rather
1 nmslucent, clothed with a very pale yellowish cuticle, some

EUCALODIUM. 23

narrow darker growth-striae showing here and there. The
sculpture consists of line, pretty closely crowded riblets, dis-
tinctly raised from the somewhat horn-colored background,
and about 135 in number on the penultimate whorl, which is
12 mm. in diam. In the interstices there is fine, rather regu-
lar spiral plication, which is not everywhere distinct. The
7 1 /2 to 8% whorls remaining are narrowly and weakly mar-
gined. The last whorl is shortly free and produced at the
aperture, at first more or less distinctly keeled, later having
a more or less distinct cord. The peristome is shortly ex-
panded, almost reflexed and thickened with whitish inside.
The pretty strong, bar-like defined columellar fold is white and
the interior is lined with a thin, white layer of enamel.

San Antonio del Monte, 3 leagues east from Naolingo, on
the road to Misantla (Strebel).

E. cereum STREBEL, Beitr. iv, p. 72, pi. 6, f. 9 (1880).

E. EDWARDSIANUM Crosse & Fischer. PI. 2, figs, 8, 9, 12.

Shell arcuate-rimate, clavate-turreted, rather thin but some-
what solid, dull fleshy-whitish under a dark tawny-straw
colored, glossy, in part deciduous cuticle. Spire tapering,
rather broadly truncate ; suture impressed ; whorls remaining
9V;>> but slightly convex, regularly enlarging, sculptured with
but slightly projecting, quite spaced and slightly oblique rib-
lets ; first 2 to 3 whorls attenuated, following 4 or 5 somewhat
inflated, penultimate and last whorls somewhat tapering, the
last suddenly descending, widely free, carried forward, and
subcarinate above. Aperture slightly oblique, somewhat ir-
regularly angulate-oval, livid whitish inside; peristome con-
tinuous, somewhat thickened, shortly reflexed throughout,
dirty whitish; columellar margin with a high fold within.
Length 48, diam. 13 mm. ; aperture with peristome 9y 2 mm.
long, 8 wide (C. & F.}.

State of Vera Cruz, Mexico: Cordova (Salle) ; Agua
Calient e, Hirial and Nacimiento de Quilate, all near Misantla
(Dona Estefania) .

E. edwardsianum C. &. F., Journ. de Conchyl. 1872, p. 224 ;
Moll. Mex. i, p. 383, pi. 14, f. 10, 10a. STREBEL, Beitr. iv, p.

24 EUC ALODIUM, ANISOSPIRA.

69, pi. 6, f. 11; pi. 11, f. 6, 1, 13; pi. 12, f. 1 (anatomy). -v.
MART., Biologia, p. 262. -- Cylindrclla edwardsiana PPR.,
Monogr. viii, p. 437.

Similar to E. boucardi, but with more widely spaced riblets,
with no spirals in the intervals. Strebel 's figure of a specimen
from near Misantla (fig. 12) is more slender than the type
from Cordova (figs. 8, 9). Strebel counted 77 riblets on the
penultimate whorl, which had a diameter of 12 mm.

E. DESHAYESIANUM Crosse & Fischer. PI. 2, figs. 13, 14.

Shell slightly arcuate-subrimate, cylindric-turreted, rather
solid; dull and pale fleshy- whitish under a somewhat glossy,
pale yellow and almost completely deciduous cuticle. Spire
slightly tapering, broadly truncate ; suture deeply impressed.
7 to 8 whorls remaining, nearly flat, narrow, the first 3 or 4
slightly oblique and very delicately, following ones incon-
spicuously striatulate, the last whorl suddenly descending,
very shortly free, obtusely angular above, obsoletely subcarin-
ate below the middle. Aperture slightly oblique, irregularly
subangulate-rounded, white within; peristome continuous,
somewhat thickened, very narrowly reflexed throughout,
white, the columella hardly folded within. Length 32, diam.
91/2 mm.; apert. with perist. 7 mm. long, 6% wide (C. & F.).

Southern Mexico (Ghiesbreght).

E. desliayesianum C. & F., J. de Conch, xx, p. 223, 1872;
Moll. Mex. p. 384, pi. 14, f. 9, 9a. v. MART., Biologia, p. 263.
Cylindrella dcshayesiana PPR., Monogr. viii, p. 430.

Distinguished by its small size, narrow whorls, incon-
spicuous striation and the facility with which the cuticle is
lost in adults. Only the two type specimens in the Museum
of Natural History at Paris are known.

Genus ANISOSPIRA Strebel, 1880.

Anisospira STREBEL, Beitrag zur Kenntniss der Fauna
mexikanischer Land- und Siisswasser-Conchylien,, Theil iv, p.
77 (for Cyl. li< Iniiniiui. PIY. and C. hyalina Pfr.).

Slid! hnperforate, cylindric, pupiform or oblong-fusiform,
the earlier whorls self-amputated, the adult shell consisting of
3 to 5 whorls of about equal width, the next earlier 2 or 3

ANISOSPIRA. 25

whorls rapidly contracting, followed above usually by a cylin-
dric whorl or two of far smaller calibre. The (deciduous)
young shell has a rather large apex, smooth at first, followed by
several straightly costulate whorls. Internal column straight
or weakly spiral, perforated, in the last whorl or two en-
circled by a median and a subbasal cord or lamella, not visible
in the circular or ovate aperture (pi. 11, figs. 1, 2, 4,7).
Soft anatomy unknown. Type A. li'ibmanni. (Gr. anisos un-
equal, and speira a coil, in allusion to the disparity between the
early and late whorls).

Distribution, southern and southwestern Mexico.
This genus differs from Eucalodium in the rapid increase
in diameter which takes place at the inception of the adult
stage, and in the armature of the axial column, which is re-
stricted to the last two whorls. In Eucalodium the diameter
of the shell increases regularly, and the column is alike
throughout its length. Though the axis is minutely perfor-
ate, there is no such axial cavity as is found in Ccelocentrum.
The internal armature, as Strebel has noted, resembles that of
Holospira and Bostrickocentrum; and it also finds a parallel
in the Haitian group of large 'Urocoptis species. The last
whorl is only shortly free in front, and the peristome is but
very narrowly subreflexed or expanded. In most characters
of the shell A-nisospira resembles Jamaican species of Urocop-
tis of the group of U. sanguined; but it differs in the larger
nepionic shell and especially in the plug or septum of the
amputated spire, in which Anisospira resembles Eucalodium
and other Mexican genera, and not the Antillean forms.

Key to species of Anisosirira.

I. Shell thin, very finely and densely rib-striate ; a lamella
encircling the pillar within the penultimate or the last
whorl.

1. Diam. about one-third the length; white,

a. whorls iy 2 to 9 ; internal lamella at base of pillar,

iy 2 whorls long, A. dalli.

~b. whorls 10-13, A. hyalina,

2. Diam. contained about 2% times in length ; yellow-

26 ANISOSPIRA.

ish-fleshy ; whorls 7 to 8, internal lamella strong and
flat, 2 whorls long. A. liebmanni.

II. Shell solid and strong, with moderately spaced rib-stria-
tion; flesh- tinted or pinkish; internal pillar weakly
spiral, a blunt cord encircling its base within the penulti-
mate whorl. A. strcbeli.

A. HYALINA (Pfeiffer). PL 10, figs. 18, 19, 20, 21.

Shell rimate, truncate, ovate-oblong, suddenly tapering
above, rather thin, diaphanous, hyaline. Whorls 10, a little
convex, narrow, subequal, subarcuately delicately rib-striate,
the last whorl shortly built forward, subangular above, obso-
letely compressed at the base. Aperture subvertical; sub-
circular. Peristome free throughout, narrowly expanded.
Length 37, diam. 12, aperture length 9, width 8 mm. ; width
of middle whorl 3% mm. (Pfr.).

South-central and southeastern Mexico: Oaxaca (Deppe),
probably Tabasco or Chiapa (Ghiesbreght) .

Cylindrella hyalhta PFR. in Philippi, Abbild. u. Beschreib.
ii, p. 47, pi. 2, f. 2 (1847) ; Monogr. ii, 369; iii, 564; iv, 692;
vi. 359; viii, 425; Conch. Cab., Cylindrella, p. 8, pi. 1, f. 13,
14. -- v. MART., Malak. Blatt, xii, p. 14 (1865). -- SOWERBY,
Conch. Icon, xx, pi. 12, f. IW.Eucalodium liyalinum Pfr.,
FISCHER & CROSSE, Moll. Mex. i, p. 388, pi. 15, f. 9, 9a. v.
MART., Biol. Centr. Amer., Moll., p. 266. Anisospira hyalina
Pfr., STREBEL, Beitr. Mex. Land- und Siissw.-Concli., iv, p. 79,
pi. 13, f. 16.

The number of whorls varies somewhat, as more or fewer
of the narrow ones at the summit are retained, there being
sometimes as many as 13. It is distinguished from A. lieb-
iii n u a i by the greater number of whorls retained by the adult
shell, and Hie pale color. A. dalli is a closely related form,
\\-liicli may eventually prove varietally related to hyalina.

A. DALLl (v. Martens). PI. 10, ficjs. 28, 29; pi. 1, fig. 12.

" Shell thin, white, solid, opaque, decollated, the rejected
spire having 14 whorls, and Hie remainder of the shell from
7V-. to 9 whorls; apex of the young shell blunt, slightly dome-
sh;ipe<l, Ihc ncpionic shell smooth or faintly transversely

ANISOSPIRA. 27

striated, subsequent whorls to the fifth subcylindric, the fifth
slightly constricted, the spire very slowly increases in diameter
until the decollation is reached; the first four whorls after
the nucleus are conspicuously, elegantly, transversely ribbed,
the riblets nearly straight, with subequal interspaces. Be-
yond the constriction the riblets are less conspicuous and more
crowded and more oblique, and so continue evenly over the
adult shell where the suture is distinct but not deep, the form
somewhat fusoid, the basal whorl slightly contracted and sub-
angulate at the periphery, the umbilicus closed and the aper-
ture suborbicular and slightly reflected. The axis is mode-
rately stout and twisted, with a single plait on the pillar,
anteriorly, in the last and penultimate whorls, not however
visible from the aperture, much as in A. liebmanm Pfeiffer
(pi. 11, fig. 7). Length of decollate spire, 21 mm.; of decol-
lated shell, 29 mm. ; maximum diameter of shell, 10 mm. ; of
decollation, 6 mm." (Dall.).

Huilotepec, State of Oaxaca (E. W. Nelson).

Anisospira strebeli DALL., Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus. xix, p. 353,
pi. 33, f. 7, 8 (Jan. 27, 1897) ; not of Pfeffer. Eucalodium
dalli v. MART., Biol. Centr. Amer., Moll., p. 633 (Feb. 1901).

" This species is shorter and more slender than A. hyalina
Pfeiffer, which has always one and sometimes two more
whorls. It is of a w r hitish, not a pinkish tint, and the decol-
lated portion of the spire is more cylindrical than in A. hya-
lina, which has a proportionally larger and more trumpet-
like mouth. A. liebmanni is larger, stouter, of a brownish
yellow color, and has a whorl less than the present species '
(Dall).

Ball's original figures are copied on plate 10. Figs. 12 of
plate 1, and fig. 7 of pi. 11, represent a specimen of the ori-
ginal lot in the collection of the Academy. It has 8 whorls,
and measures, length 29, diam. 10 mm. The columellar la-
mella is very close to the base, and is shorter and much less
prominent than in A. liebmanni. I have some doubts as to
the distinctness of this species from A. hyalina, but I have
not been able to compare specimens of the latter, which seems
to differ chiefly in retaining more whorls in the adult state.

ANISOSPIRA.

A. LIEBMANNI (Pfeiffer). PI. 10, figs. 22-27; pi. 11, figs. 1,
2,3.

Shell rimate, cylindric-oblong, usually widest above the
middle, rapidly contracting above, slowly tapering below;
thin but moderately solid ; pale brownish-yellow, with an in-
distinct reddish line at the suture. Surface very finely,
regularly, closely and obliquely rib-striate, the riblets but
slightly arcuate. Whorls 7 to 7 1 />, scarcely convex, the last
having the base defined by a scarcely noticeable cord. Aper-
ture subcircular or rounded oval, oblique. Peristome whit-
ish, very narrowly reflexed. Columella straight, somewhat
oblique. Internal axis a straight and rather slender pillar,
encircled in the last two whorls by a spiral lamella, which
makes two spiral turns, is strongest within the penultimate
whorl, and is not visible from the aperture. A very weak,
more oblique spiral cord encircles the pillar above the lamella,
in the last and penultimate whorls. Length 32, diam. 12.7
mm. ; length of aperture 8.3, width 7.5 mm.

Mexico (Liebmann) ; Barrio and Juchitan, Isthmus of
Tehuantepec ( Sumichrast) .

Cylindrdla liebmanni PFR., Zeitschr. f. Malak., 1846, p.
159 ; Monogr. ii, 370 ; iii, 564 ; iv, 691 ; vi, 359 ; Conchyl. Cab.,
p. 4, pi. 1, f. 9, 10; Philippi, Abbild., iii, p. 5, pi. 3, f. 1.-
C. leibmanni SOWERBY, Conch. Icon., xx, pi. 13, f. 46. Euca-
lod'unn liilnixnini Pfr., FISCH. & CROSSE, Moll. Mex. i, p. 390,
pi. 15, f. 10, 10 a, 1). v. MARTENS, Biol. Ceiitr. Amer., Moll.,
p. 266. Anisospira liebmanni Pfr., STREBEL, Beitrage Mex.
iv, p. 79, pi. 5, f. 12, 12 a, 13; pi. 14, f. 2 A, E. Cylindrella
trochaformis SOWERBY, Conch. Icon, xx, pi. 9, f. 80 (young
shell).

This species is thinner, smaller and more finely striate than
A. strebcli Pfr., and the internal lamella upon the axis is
much stronger than in any other known species. It retains
fewer whorls than the more slender A. dulli and A. hyalina.
Figures 27 and 1 represent a specimen collected by Sumi-
dirast, from the isthmus of Tehuantepec.

Tti Pi'riHVr's original type, collected by Liebmann (pi.. 10,
fig. 24; pi. 11, figs. 2, 3), the aperture is oval and a little an-

ANISOSPIRA. 29

gular above (fig. 3), and the internal pillar is weakly spiral.
A weak keel-like ridge encircles it midway, visible even in the
fifth whorl from the last ; in the penultimate whorl it is more
conspicuous, but not very large. Under it, close to the par-
tition, there is a rather strong flattened lamella on the pillar,
which both increases and decreases rapidly (pi. 11, fig. 2).

The.Sumichrast shells from Tehuantepec (pi. 10, f. 22, 23,
25, 27; pi. 11, fig. 1) differ in the straighter axis, which is not
visibly sinuous, the much shorter and weaker median colu-
mellar cord, and perhaps the longer, less basally situated col-
umellar lamella. The aperture moreover is more nearly cir-
cular. These differences, however, are probably not specific,
but indicate local racial variation.

A young shell of the Sumichrast lot (pi. 10, fig. 25), exam-
ined by Strebel, has the nucleus smooth, then fine sharp ribs
appear, which up to and including the third whorl are more
spaced than on following whorls, the total number of which
is 12.

A. STREBELI Pfeffer. PI. 10, figs. 30-34; pi. 11, fig. 4.

Shell rimate, fusiform-cylindric or more or less swollen,
solid and strong though not thick, grayish flesh-tinted or pink,
without gloss. Surface sculptured with fine, regular rib-
striaj separated by intervals of double their width. Whorls
remaining 7 to 9, moderately convex, the last faintly or obso-
letely keeled, a slight depression which is sometimes brownish
just above the keel. Aperture oblique, produced shortly for-
ward, rounded-ovate. Peristome pale, obtuse or thickened,
narrowly expanded or sub-reflexed ; columella straightened
within. Internal axis a little swollen in the middle within
each whorl and distinctly twisted in a weak spiral. This is
noticeably stronger within the penultimate whorl, where it is
accompanied by a second cord revolving immediately adja-
cent to the partition below.

Length 50, diam. 15, length of aperture lli/o, width 10 mm.

Length 43, diam. 14, length of aperture 11, width 9 l /2-
10 mm.

Length 40, diam. 12, length of aperture 10, width 9 mm.

30 COELOCENTRUM.

Length 38, diam. 13, length of aperture 10, width 9 mm.

Length 33, diam. 12-12y 2 , length of aperture 8y 2 -9, width
71/0-81/0 mm.

S. AV. Mexico : Cerro de Plumas, near Puerto Angel, State
of Oaxaca, on the Pacific coast, in a dense tropical forest
(Hoge).

Anisospira stre~beli PFEFFER, Verh. Ver. f. Naturw., Ham-
burg, 1887, p. 21.Eucalodium strebeli v. MARTENS, Biol.
Centr. Amer., Moll., p. 265, pi. 16, f. 31-34.

Very variable in size and shape, as the measurements given
above indicate. These are chiefly taken from von Martens'
measurements of selected individuals out of a series of thirty.
The shell is much more solid than A. liebmanni, with far
coarser sculpture and different internal armature. More-
over, the taper above is less abrupt. In the larger, cylin-
drical shells the last four whorls are of about equal diameter,
the next earlier three taper, another whorl remaining, begin-
ning again the cylindrical shape of the young stage. In
small shells (33 mm.) the last three whorls only are equal in
diameter, three above them tapering, and the next earlier one
upright again. In the smaller examples there is a distinct
angle in front denning the base; in the larger ones this is
wholly obsolete. The aperture also varies in shape.

Von Martens records a worn specimen, probably of this
species, found by Mr. W. Lloyd at Culata, near Manzanillo,
on the west coast of Mexico.

Genus CCELOCENTRUM Crosse & Fischer, 1870.

Cylindrella of earlier authors. Eucalodium, sect. 2,
CROSSE & FISCHER, Journ. de Conchyl. xviii, p. 22 (1870).-
Ccdocentrum C. & F., J. de C. xx, p. 302, type C. turns Pfr.
(1872) ; Miss. Scient. Mex., Moll, i, p. 339. STREBEL, Beitrag
Mex. Land- und Siisswasser-Conchyl. iv, p. 56. von MAR-
TENS, Biologia Central] Americana, Moll., p. 267.

Shell riniate, cylindric-tapering or cylindric-fusiform, com-
posed of iiuiiiy closely coiled whorls, the early ones usually
srll'-ampnljilcd in adult shells, the body cavity plugged with
a convex, gramilose septum, the cavity of the columcllar axis

COELOCENTRUM. 31

visible as a round, exactly central hole. The last whorl be-
comes shortly free in front, and is usually girt below the mid-
dle by a low cord. Aperture irregularly ovate or rounded,
the peristome continuous, narrowly reflexed throughout.
Internal axis a somewhat fusiform polished tube, smooth or
longitudinally costate. The usually deciduous early whorls
taper gradually to the nepionic shell, which is rather large,
cylindric or club-like, composed of 4i/o-7 whorls, the first
smooth and bulbous, the rest more or less costulate.

Type, C. turris Pfr. Distribution, southern and south-
eastern Mexico to Guatemala, with an aberrant group in
Lower California.

The soft anatomy is known by Strebel's dissection of a
specimen of C. arctispira from near Misantla.

Foot very long. The body lobes of the mantle consist of a
divided right, a left, and a posterior lobe. The salivary
glands are extremely loose masses around the first part of the
oesophagus and retractor. The transverse rows of the radula
imbricate so that the ends of the cusps reach to the beginning
of those in the next row. The central teeth have small side-
cusps, laterals with an ectocone (pi. 19, fig. 44). The foun-
dation of the jaw (pi. 19, fig. 41) is a structureless, hyaline
membrane, bordering the true horn-colored smooth jaw on all
sides, projecting rather broadly between the ends and the
large median projection. The penis is very short and wide,
with terminal retractor, the v. d. inserted beyond the middle.
Spermathecal duct long (pi. 19, fig. 42). The retractor mus-
cle (pi. 19, fig. 43) of the left tentacle is united to that of the
pharynx proximally, that of the right tentacle being free, but
there are slender bands running from the pharyngeal re-
tractor to both tentacular retractors anteriorly. There is no
muscular plate over the pharynx, as in Eucaludiuin. Two
long muscles arise from the columellar muscle and pass for-
ward to the mantle-edge.

I. Species of moderately large calibre, normally losing
many of the early whorls by autotomy.

1. Internal axis large, with a sub-median (spiral)
swelling within each whorl, crossed by numerous

32 COELOCENTRUM.

obliquely vertical lamellae. Nepionic whorls un-
known.. Ccelocentrum s. str.
2. Internal axis without vertical sculpture.

a. Internal axis cylindric or swollen within each
whorl, smooth. Exterior of the shell with more
or less spiral sculpture developed. Nearly 7
nepionic whorls, the first dome-like, the rest
cylindric, obsoletely costulate, especially near
the sutures. Liocentrum, p. 46.

&. Internal axis sub-cylindric, within the last and
penultimate whorls encircled close to the base
by a spiral lamella. Nepionic shell unknown.

Elasmocentrum, p. 49.

II. Slender species, retaining all of the whorls in maturity,
c. Internal axis hollow but slender, smooth, swol-
len within each whorl. Whorls many (16-22),
higher and less crowded than in other sub-
genera. Nepiouic shell of about 5 whorls, the
apex bulbous, first 2,y 2 whorls vertically
straightly costellate, next 2 whorls decussated,
granulose. Spartocentrum, p. 50.

Section COELOCENTRUM s. str.

In this group the internal pillar is swollen below the middle
within each whorl, excavated below this spiral ridge, and
sculptured with obliquely longitudinal riblets or lamella?,
which vary from smooth to serrate at the free edges, and are
often irregularly interrupted, some of them replaced by gran-
ules scattered on the polished surface of the tube. The rib-
lets do not extend into the excavation below the ridge, and in
one species, C. astroplwrca, there is a spine on each where it
crosses the spiral ridge.

The species are rather numerous and not often separated
by strongly marked characters. The following key is there-
fore of no great value. The number of preserved whorls is
quite variable individually, and is not even constant in shells
of the same dimensions.

COELOCENTRUM. 33

I. Rather large species, the diam. 12 mm. or more.

a. Remaining whorls 12 in a length of 80 mm. ; ribs

rather strong. C. gigas, p. 33.

&. Remaining whorls 13 in a length of 54 mm. ; riblets

numerous and close. C. anomalum, p. 35.

c. Remaining whorls 9 in a length of 53 mm. ; riblets
. numerous and irregular spirals. Tuxtla, S. E.

Mexico. C. nelsoni, p. 35.

d. Remaining whorls 81/2 in a length of 43 mm. ; sculp-
ture of crowded, delicate lines, no spirals. State of
Chiapas. C. pfefferi, p. 34.

e. Remaining whorls 16-24 in length of 55-72 mm. ;
thin, fusiform, the riblets very close, fine and weak.

C. turris, p. 36.

II. Smaller forms, diam. 6-10, length usually 20-40 mm.
a. Ribs of the internal column produced in spines at
their junction with the spiral convexity.

C. asiropliorea, p. 45.
&. Ribs often serrate but not bearing spines.

c. Apex retained entire ; whorls 27, length 41, diam.
9 mm. C. t. attenuatum, p. 40.

c 1 . Early whorls lost in the adult.

d. Whorls short, very closely coiled, about 18
in a length of about 38 mm.

C. arctispira, p. 42.

d 1 . Whorls short, very convex, 11 in a length of
30 mm. C. dispar, p. 44.

d 2 . Whorls less short, but slightly convex.

C. tomacella, p. 38; C. t. clava, p. 39; C.
fistulare, p. 41.

C. GIGAS v. Martens. PL 9, figs. 1, 2, 3, 4, 5.

Shell measuring 21 mm. in diameter and 80 mm. in length
(truncate), yellowish-grey, with numerous rather fine, some-
what arcuated costulse, of which there are 98 on the whorl
before the last, somewhat unequal and irregular, the inter-
stices twice or thrice their breadth ; spiral striae in the inter-
stices very feeble, none on the costulaa (fig. 5). Whorls a

34 COELOCENTRUM.

little convex, numbering 12 in the adult truncate example,
about 24 in all, to judge from comparison with a young speci-
men; the height of the visible part of a whorl varying from
% to y s of its diameter, the middle whorls being not so high
as the upper and lower ones; the last seven whorls nearly
equal in diameter, the preceding ones gradually diminishing
upwards, so that the whole shell is turrete, but not properly
fusiform. Base of the last whorl rounded, with a rather
broad and shallow spiral furrow in the prolongation of the
suture, instead of the usual angular line ( fig. 3 ) . The aper-
ture, in the single, perhaps not quite perfect, adult specimen
is scarcely produced beyond the suture, and its edges are very
thin and shortly expanded; the opening is 17 mm. high and
16 mm. broad, irregularly rhomboidal, with an obtuse angle
at the base, but rounded above. The columellar plait inside
the aperture is rather strong, pale orange, and ascends in a
straight oblique line. The costula? of the columellar axis
are numerous, about as broad as their interstices, and descend
in a straight line (v. Mart.).

E. Guatemala: Livingston, in the Bay of Honduras (0.
Stoll).

Ccelocentrum gigas MARTENS, Biologia Centrali Americana,
Moll., p. 267, pi. 16, f. 27, 28, a-c (Nov., 1897) .

rp he largest species known. " Fig. 4 represents a younger
individual, which has not yet lost so many whorls."
C. PFEPFERI Dall. PL 11, figs. 5, 6.

Shell subcylindric, with 8y 2 whorls, attenuated above,
rounded below, solid, decollate, the whorls gently rounded
with a distinct suture, without spiral sculpture, transverse
sculpture of delicate, hardly arched, little raised, crowded
lines, subequal over the whole surface ; base rounded, the basal
area bounded by an obscure line, umbilicus reduced to a mi-
nute perforation, aperture rounded below, slightly angular
above, usually free but occasionally adnate to the body whorl ;
axis normal, small at the decollation; color pale livid pink,
whitish near the aperture. Length 43, maximum diameter 15,
(li;mi. at decollation 7 mm. (Dall).

Ocozncminila [Ocozocoautla], State of Chiapas, Mexico
(E. W. Nelson) ; types No. 107367, IT. S. N. M.

COELOCENTRUM. 35

C. pfefferi DALL, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus. xix, p. 352, pi. 33,
f. 1, 2 (Jan. 27, 1897). v. MART., Biol., p. 634.

This species is shorter, stouter, and less cylindrical than C.
turris, Pfeiffer, which has proportionally more numerous
whorls, and is smaller and more fusiform than C. Nelsoni.
It is respectfully dedicated to the distinguished naturalist of
Hambiirg, Dr. G. Pfeffer, well known for his work on Mexican
land shells in conjunction with H. Strebel. (Dall) .

C. NELSONI Ball. PI. 11, figs. 8, 9.

Shell large, strong, decollate, retaining 9 whorls, subcylin-
dric, attenuated more rapidly at the upper 2 or 3 whorls,
periphery nattish, suture distinct, strong, not deep; trans-
verse sculpture of numerous rather asperate concavely arched
little raised ridges, stronger near the sutures and usually with
wider interspaces; spiral sculpture of somewhat vermicular
obscure character like the markings left by a " sand-blast,"
but occasionally developing sparse distant fine 'spiral riblets,
and stronger on the later whorls ; base rounded except for the
obscure peripheral line, the umbilicus almost closed ; aperture
rounded below, slightly angular, oblique, free from the body
whorl, with the margin continuous and reflected but narrow;
axis normal, nearly closed at the decollation where it is small,
but large in the latter whorls; color pale straw. Length 53,
maximum diameter 18, diameter at decollation 8 mm. (Dall).

Tuxtla, Mexico. (E. W. Nelson) ; type No. 107368, U. S. N. M.

C. nelsoni DALL, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus. xix, p. 352, pi. 33,
f. 5, 6 (Jan. 27, 1897).

This shell recalls Eucalodium compactum Pilsbry, but is
more cylindrical and stouter, besides having a totally different
axis. It is the largest known species of the genus, and is dedi-
cated to the indefatigable naturalist E. W. Nelson, who has
added so largely to our knowledge of the American fauna
from Alaska to Guatemala." Ball.

C. ANOMALUM Strebel. PI. 9, figs. 6, 7.

Shell rather transparent, almost lustreless, as if breathed
upon, and of a violet-chocolate-brown color, changing to more
yellowish towards the summit. The lower half of the last

36 COELOCENTRUM.

whorl is dirty flesh-color, sharply defined in the umbilical re-
gion, but lost toward the aperture. The 13 remaining whorls
are flatly arcuate, rapidly tapering above, while below the con-
traction is hardly noticeable. The last whorl is only shortly
free, and somewhat turned outward. The umbilical carina
is only weakly modeled, while the dorsal keel or cord dis-
tinctly projects, especially at the beginning. The sculpture
consists of fine, sharp, close-set and but slightly arcuate rib-
lets on the upper whorls, which on following whorls become
more spaced, more irregular and weaker. On the last half of
the last whorl they become close again, but without increasing
much in sharpness. On the penultimate whorl, which is 14!/2
nun. broad, I count about 100 of these rib-like folds. The
cuticle appears under the lens finely wrinkled, the wrinkles
running spirally, so that there is a sort of spiral striation.
The internal column is only moderately swollen within each
whorl. Its exterior is rather closely set with with very fine
lamella?, the free edges of which, especially in the lower
whorls, are finely serrate. The whole internal column is whit-
ish flesh-colored. The aperture is triangular-oval, the peri-
stome shortly but pretty strongly expanded, nearly reflexed,
white outside and within, and only weakly thickened. The
interior shows a yellowish-bronze zone behind the white peri-
stome, which then passes into dirty violet-w r hite. The com-
presed and oblique columellar fold is distinctly visible. The
umbilicus is represented by a narrow chink only.

Cob an, Guatemala (Sarg).

Cocloccnlntni i.iimmaluni STREBEL, Beitrag iv, p. 59, pi. 6, f.
8 ; pi. 14, f . 5. v. MARTENS, Biologia, p. 270.

Violet chocolate-colored, with the base of the last whorl
dirty flesh-colored. Internal column densely set with finely
serrate vertical lamella?. Description from Strebel's account.
C. TURRIS (Pfeiffer). PI. 12, figs. 1, 2, 3, 4, 5.

Shell deeply rimate, cylindric below, tapering above, very
thin, light brown. Surface sculptured with fine, arcuate rib-
si ri;r, which are sharp, close and regular above, weaker and
somewhat irregular on Ihe lower half of the shell. Whorls
remaining 16 to 24, convex, very slowly increasing in width,

COELOCENTRUM. 37

the last shortly free in front, the pale-colored convex base
defined by a low cord, while a stronger, arcuate keel at the
base defines the umbilical area. Aperture rounded, oblique,
the peristome continuous, white, rather broadly reflexed
throughout. Internal column large (6 mm. diam. in a shell
of 14 mm. diam.), conspicuously bulging, the greatest con-
vexity 'at about the lower third in each whorl; sculptured with
rather wide-spaced, obliquely longitudinal, low lamella}, which
are highest on the convexity, and mostly do not run below it.
These lamellas are somewhat irregularly spaced, and irregular
at the free edges, and there are some granules scattered on
the polished surface of the pillar.

Length 55, diam. 14 mm. ; whorls 16.

Length 68-72, diam. 14 mm. (Pfr.).

Chiapas, in southeastern Mexico (Ghiesbreght).

Cylindrella turns PFR., P. Z. S. 1856, p. 380, pi. 36, f. 2;
Mai. Bliitt. 1856, p. 217 ; Conchyl. Cab., p. 35, pi. 8, f . 20, 21 ;
Monogr. iv, p. 695; vi, 365 BLAND, Ann. Lye. Nat. Hist, of
N. Y., viii, p. 160. SOWERBY, Conch. Icon, xx, pi. 13, f. 117.
Eucalodium turris CROSSE & FISCH., Journ. de Conchyl. xvi,
p. 88 ; xviii, p. 22. Ccclocentrum turris FISCH. & CROSSE,
Moll. Mex., i, p. 345, pi. 15, f. 13. STREBEL, Beitrag, iv, p.
56, pi. 5, f. 18; pi. 14, f. 2 A, B. v. MARTENS, Biol. Centr.
Amer., Moll, p. 270.

Thin and light for a shell of its size. It differs from other
large species by the greater number of whorls preserved in
the adult shell. ' ' Varies in the length of the adult shell from
59-72 millim., and in the breadth of the penultimate whorl
from 12i/o-14 millim. Number of preserved whorls 16-24.
The variation in the length of the adult shell does not depend
entirely upon the number of preserved whorls; I have before
me a specimen measuring 61 millim. with 16 preserved whorls,
and another of 60 millim. with 19 preserved whorls. The
greater the number of preserved whorls, the more strongly is
the shell attenuated upwards.

" The figures in Reeve's Conchologia Iconica, 77 millim.
long, represents a specimen with an unusually large number
of preserved whorls, viz., 27." (v. MART.)

; !< s COELOCENTRUM.

C. TOMACELLA (Morelet). PL 12, figs. 6, 7; pi. 14, figs 21-25.

Shell deeply rimate, swollen-turreted, rather thin, diapha-
nous, arcuately, very closely striate, somewhat silky in appear-
ance, brownish-corneous; spire strongly tapering upwards,
rather broadly truncate, suture impressed, lightly submargin-
ate-crenate, whorls remaining 14, .subequal, a little convex,
the last a little receding under the penultimate, shortly free,
compressed-carinate at the back and base, having a thread-like
keel below the middle. Aperture suboblique, irregularly sub-
triangular-oval, pale fleshy- whitish inside; peristome contin-
uous, narrowly expanded and a little reflexed throughout,
whitish ; parietal margin sloping, forming an angle with the
spreading left margin. Foramen of the truncate spire mod-
erately large, perspective.

Length 35, diam. scarcely 10 mm. ; aperture with peristome
61/2 mm. long, 5i/i wide (F. & C.).

Length 37, diam. 10 mm. (Morelet).

Woods of Tabasco, and in the ruins of Palenque, State of
Chiapas (Morelet) ; Cob an, Guatemala (Sarg).

CtjliiKlnlla tomacella MOREL., Testacea Novissima i, p. 10,
no. 11 (1849). PFR., Monogr. iii, p. 568; Conchyl. Cab. p. 36,
pi. 4, f. 19, 20. SOWERBY, Conch. Icon, xx, pi. 14, f. 124.-
Ccclocentrum tomacella FISCH. & CROSSED Moll. Mex. i, p. 342,
pi. 15, f. 11. STREBEL, Beitrag iv, p. 58, pi. 6, f. 3. MARTENS,
Biologia, p. 271. Cylindrella moreleti DESHAYES, in Fer.
Hist, ii, p. 227, pi. 164, f. 16-18 (1851).

Excessively near C. clava Pfr., but according to Crosse &
Fischer more swollen, a little smaller and paler, with fewer
\vliorls and perceptibly finer striatioii. The more obese shape
is its chief distinctive character. A specimen before me, pi.
14, figs. 21-25, is corneous-whitish, with no brown tint, retains
13 whorls, nnd measures, length 33, diam. 9^ mm. The in-
ternal pillar is strongly swollen below the middle within each
whorl, rallicr abruptly contracted below the swelling. It is
sculptured with widely and irregularly spaced lamellae and
some scattered granules representing dislocated and broken-
up lamella?. The free edges of the lamella? are irregularly and
more or less serrate (pi. 14, fig. 23). The external sculpture

COELOCENTRUM. 39

of the shell consists of fine, close flat riblets wider than the in-
tervening grooves except on the last whorl, where they are
narrower. Fig. 24 of pi. 14 represents the sculpture of the
fourth whorl up, fig. 25 of the last whorl.

Var. CLAVA (Pfeiffer). PL 12, figs. 11, 12, 13, 14; pi. 14, figs.

26, 27.

Shell deeply ' arcuate-rimate, turreted-cyliudric, truncate,
rather thin, closely arcuate-striate, diaphanous, but slightly
shining, tawny. Spire a little tapering above, rather widely
truncate. Whorls remaining 16-21, moderately convex, the
last shortly free, carinated above and at the base, and with a
thread-like keel at the side. Aperture squarish-oval, chan-
nelled at the base, columellar fold slight, deep ; peristome con-
tinuous, white, expanded and a little reflexed throughout.
Length 42-57, diam. 9-10 mm. ; aperture with peristome 8 mm.
long, 7 wide (P/Y.).

Chiapas, Mexico ( Ghiesbreght) .

Cylindrella clava PFR., P. Z. S. 1856, p. 380; Malak. Blatter
1856, p. 217 ; Conchyl. Cab., p. 36, pi. 8, f . 11, 12 ; Monogr. iv,
p. 696; vi, 365. BLAND, Ann. Lye. N. H. of N. Y., viii, p. 160
(1865). SOWERBY, Conch. Icon, xx, pi. 13, f. 115 a, ~b. Coclo-
centrum clava Pfr., FISCH. & CROSSE, Moll. Mex. i, p. 346, pi.

15, f . 14. STREBEL, Beitrag, iv, p. 57, pi. 5, f . 10 ; pi. 14, f . 8.
v. MARTENS, Biologia, p. 270, with var. rufescens, p. 271, pi.

16, f. 2 (Nov., 1897).

"Very near C. turris but smaller, varying in total length
from 40 to 57 mm., and in the breadth of the penultimate
whorl from 9 to 10 mm. Number of preserved whorls 15-20. ' '

Pfeiffer's description is given above, and his type figures
are copied on pi. 12, figs. 11, 12, representing a specimen with
the maximum number of whorls and largest size mentioned in
the original description. This narrow, markedly cylindric
form must be considered the type. A smaller specimen, also
narrow, is figured by Strebel from Pfeiffer's collection. On
pi. 14, figs. 26, 27, I figure a Chiapas specimen in the collection
of the Academy. It is corneous-white, with only 12 whorls,
and measures, length 321/2, diam. 8i/ 2 mm.

Another specimen is light reddish-brown, with 13 whorls

40 COELOCENTRUM.

remaining, and measures, length 37, diam. 9y 2 mm. The in-
ternal column is very strongly swollen below the middle within
each whorl, abruptly contracted below the swelling, and is
sculptured with very irregularly spaced, more or less serrate
lamella?, which within the penultimate whorl are chiefly broken
into white granules.

Var. rufescens v. Mart. PI. 12, fig. 8.

Smaller and more cylindrical, pale reddish-brown, the aper-
ture more protracted (3 1/2 mm.) and comparatively smaller.
Length 42 mm. ; diam. of the penultimate whorl 8. largest
diam. (third whorl before the last) 8y 2 mm. ; preserved whorls
15 ; aperture 6 mm. long, 51/2 broad. Mexico, Patel coll.
(v. Martens}.

This form seems to differ but slightly if at all from typical
clava Pfr., though it is unlike the clava of Crosse & Fischer in
contour.
Var. ATTENUATUM (Pfeiffer) . PI. 12, figs. 9, 10.

Shell deeply rimate, swollen-turreted, rather thin, closely
arcuate-costulate, diaphanous, corneous. Spire attenuated
above, the apex entire, obtuse. Suture margined; whorls 27,
a little convex, the last narrower, shortly free, obsoletely
thread-carinate below the middle; base compressed. Aper-
ture a little oblique, suboval, somewhat channelled at the base ;
peristome continuous, whitish, narrowly reflexed, the colu-
mellar margin dilated, spreading. Length 41, diam. 9 mm. ;
greatest length of aperture, inside, 4iA, width 3% mm. (Pfr.}.

Chiapas, Mexico (Ghiesbreght).

Cylindrella attenuata PFR., Malak. Blatt. iii, 1856, p. 258;
Conchyl. Cab., pi. 9, f. 1, 2; Monogr. iv, p. 698. CROSSE &
FISCHER, Moll. Mex., p. 404.

The type of this species was an individual with the apex
entire, such as occurs rarely among normally decollate cylin-
divllas. I am disposed to place under attenuation the shell
figured as clava by Crosse & Fischer (pi. 12, fig. 13), as well
;is some of the specimens before me, which differ from typical
clava in their greater attenuation above. One of these is pale
brownish, with 19 whorls remaining, and measures, length
39y 2 , diam. 9 mm.

COELOCENTRUM. 41

C. FISTULARE (Morelet) . PI. 9, figs. 16, 17, 18, 19, 20.

Shell narrowly rimate, cylindric-turreted, rather thin, sub-
diaphanous, very densely arcuate-striate, but little shining,
gray-whitish. Spire attenuated above, rather widely trun-
cate; suture impressed, lightly submarginate-crenate, whorls
remaining 11 to 12, subequal, slightly convex, the last scarcely
receding under the penultimate, free in front, shortly pro-
tracted, compressed-carinate above and at the base, thread-
keeled a little below the middle. Aperture oblique, irregu-
larly subtetragonal-oval, dull whitish inside ; peristome con-
tinuous, narrowly expanded and a little reflexed throughout,
whitish ; left margin forming an angle with the horizontal pa-
rietal and with the basal margins, outer margin very much
arched. Foramen of the truncate spire rather wide, slightly
perspective. Length 28, diam. 8 mm. Aperture 5 mm. long,
5 wide. (C.&F.).

Northern Guatemala: forests of Peten (Morelet) ; Vera Paz
(Salvin) ; Coban (Sarg).

Cylindrella fistulans MORELET, Test. Noviss. i, p. 10, 110. 12.
-PFR., Monogr. iii, p. 569 ; Conchyl. Cab., p. 38, pi. 4, f . 21,
22.C<rlocentrum fistulare Fisch. & Crosse, Moll. Mex. i, p.
343, pi. 15, f . 12, 12 a. STREBEL, Beitrag iv, p. 58, pi. 6, f . 2 ;
pi. 14, f. 1 A, B. MARTENS, Biologia, p. 272. Cylindrella arc-
tispira TRISTRAM, P. Z. S. 1863, p. 412 (not of Pfr.).

Very near C. tomacella, but differing in the gray-whitish
color, more lustreless shell, usually smaller size, slightly less
swollen shape, and subtetragonal rather than subtriangular
aperture. It has fewer whorls, slightly less fine striation, and
finally a narrower umbilical fissure. These differences, found
by Crosse and Fischer on comparing the types of both species,
are rather elusive, and in actual practice probably of little
value. Probably C. fistulare should be subordinated to toma-
cella as a mere race or variety. Strebel, who examined speci-
mens brought by Sarg from Coban, states that the sculpture
scarcely differs from that of tomacella. The whorls are very
feebly convex. The internal column is strongly swollen, with
fine and serrate lamellffi in the upper whorls, later increasingly
stronger, so that in the middle whorls the serrations are almost

42 COELOCENTRUM.

knot-like. Crosse & Fischer's figures of the type are copied
on nry plate 9, figs. 17, 18. Pfeiffer 's figures of a form pos-
sibly referable to the next species are also given, figs. 19, 20.
C. ARCTISPIRA (Pfeiffer). PI. 14, figs. 33-36.

Shell rimate, cylindric-turreted, broadly truncate, rather
solid, closely subarcuate- ribbed, somewhat opaque, whitish;
suture deep, subnodulose, whorls remaining 18, narrowly
coiled, convex, the last narrower, thread-carinate, shortly pro-
tracted forward. Aperture small, oblique, obliquely oval:
peristome continuous, glossy, narrowly reflexed throughout,
the left margin laterally produced. Length 38, diam. 10 mm. ;
oblique length of aperture 6%, width 6 mm. (Pfr.).

Juquila, State of Oaxaca (Boucard, type locality) ; Istapa,
State of Tabasco (Salle). Var. estefania: at Quilate, Agua
Caliente, and Arroyo del Banco, all in the environs of Misantla,
V. C. (Dona Estefania Salas).

Cylindrella arctospira PFR., P. Z. S. 1860, p. 139, pi. 50, f. 2
(see below under C. aristispica) . Cylindrella arctispira PFR.,
Malak. Blatter viii, p. 81 ; Monogr. Hel. Viv. vi, p. 377 ; vii, p.
438. SOWERBY, Conch. Icon, xx, pi. 14, f. 123. Ccclocentrum
<ir<-{ ispinnn'C. & F., Moll. Mex. i, p. 348, pi. 15, f. 15. Mar-
tens, Biol. Centr. Amer., Moll., p. 271. ?STREBEL, Beitrag iv,
p. 58, pi. 6, f. 4 (shell) ; pi. 14, f. 3 (internal axis) ; pi. 11, f.
9, 15'; pi. 13, f. 10 (anatomy).

The original description is given above, and the original fig-
ure is copied in my fig. 33 of pi. 14. This figure corresponds
with the original description neither in size nor the number of
\\ -hurls tnven by Pfeiffer, and therefore does not represent the
type specimen. In size, the figure given by Sowerby (pi. 14,
fig. 34) comes near Pfeiffer's measurements, though a little
larger, and it has the same number of whorls. Probably it is
Ihe type. This figure, however, shows a strongly ribbed shell
unlike the forms figured by Crosse & Fischer and by Strebel.

C. arctispira as identified by Fischer and Crosse, from spec-
imens eulleeled by Salle at Istapa, State of Tabasco (pi. 14,
ligs. 35, 36), measures, length 36, diam. 10 mm., apert. with
pi-rist. (i mm. lung, 5 wide; whorls 17. It is quite solid but
sufficiently translucent to show the internal column indis-

COELOCENTRUM. 43

tinetly through the shell ; sculptured with close and distinctly
arcuate riblets ; light fawn-colored. The internal structure is
unknown, and the identity of the form with Pfeiffer's type is
not unquestionable.

Cylindrella aristispica "Pfr. MS." of Sowerby, 1875, was
based upon tiic specimen figured as arctispira in the Proc.
Zool. Soc. 1860, pi. 50, fig. 2 (my pi. 1-1, fig. 33), although this
identity was not recognized by Sowerby and has not hitherto
been announced. The status of C. arctispira being uncertain,
as explained above, that of Sowerby 's species (the name of
which is probably due to the misreading of a label) awaits
examination of the types. Sowerby 's description follows:

"Shell solid, rather pyramidal, tumid below the middle,
olive-brown striped with reddish-brown, regularly striated,
contracted above, rather ventricose in the middle and below;
permanent whorls 16, depressed, last contracted, notched
[rimate] ; aperture roundish, margin thick, round, columella
slightly plaited. Habitat unknown." (Soivb.)

"Cyl. aristispica Pfr. ?MS. Brit. Mus.," SOWERBY, Conch.
Icon, xx, pi. 1, f. 5 (1875) ; C. aritispica Pfr., SOWERBY, in in-
dex to Cylindrella. C. aristispira Sowerby, v. MARTENS,
Biologia, Moll., p. 272.
Var. ESTEFANIAE nov. PI. 14, figs. 28, 29, 30, 31, 32.

The specimens from Quilate, Agua Caliente and Arroyo del
Banco, all near Misantla, reported by Strebel, have a feeble
satin sheen, are but little transparent, and dirty yellowish or
yellowish-brown in color, with sparse, narrow, somewhat
darker growth-streaks. The shell is more or less tapering-
above, and has 17 to 20 whorls remaining, which are moder-
ately convex and proportionately lower than in C. tomacella.
The last whorl shows the umbilical keel only slightly, but the
dorsal keel or cord is distinctly developed ; it runs free some-
what longer than in tomacella and fistularc, but does not de-
scend. The external sculpture consists of fine closely placed
scarcely arcuate ribs, of which there are about 200 on the
broadest (9 mm.) whorl. The axial tube is comparatively
broad, only moderately swollen Avithin each whorl. The
lamella? upon its outer surface are similar to those of C. toma-

44 COELOCENTRUM.

c< Un, only standing somewhat closer, and in part stronger (see
pi. 14, fig. 31). At the suture a fine thread-like thickening
may be distinctly seen. The aperture is similar to that of C.
hiin/icdla; the peristome is white, the interior dirty yellow in
the paler specimen, reddish-brown in the darker ones. The
columellar fold is not .visible from the front. The umbilicus
is not wholly closed, there being a small chink left.

In the absence of information upon the internal structure
of the types of Pfeiffer and the specimens described by Crosse
& Fischer, it is impossible to say what relations exist between
either of them and the specimens described by Strebel; but
from the finer sculpture of the latter, I am disposed to believe
that they will prove specifically distinct from Pfeiffer 's type
in the Cumingian collection.

C. DISPAR 11. sp. PL 17, figs. 16, 17, 18, 19.

Shell deeply rimate, cylindric-fusiform, attenuated above,
thin, a little translucent, light brown. Surface but little shin-
ing, very densely, closely and regularly rib-striate, the riblets
strongly arcuate, becoming still finer and closer 011 the last
half whorl, about seven in the space of one mm. on the front
of the penultimate whorl. Whorls remaining a trifle over 11,
very convex, the last but little narrower than the preceding,
having only a slight, obtuse angle in place of the umbilical
keel, and with no trace of a cord bounding the base ; moder-
ately protracted forward. Aperture oblique, irregularly
rounded, brown inside ; peristome very light brown, expanded
and narroAvly subreflexed throughout, the upper margin
straightened, left margin somewhat dilated. Columellar fold
visible deep within, obliquely entering. Length 30, diam. (of
third and fourth whorls from the base) 9 mm. ; longest
(oblique) axis of the aperture 5%, width 5% mm.

Internal column largo (3 1 / 1 > mm. wide), strongly swollen
below the middle within each whorl, irregularly sculptured
with rather low ribs, which are smooth or but weakly serrate,
and do not pass below the convexity of the tube. They be-
come shorter in earlier whorls, are confined to the convexity
in (he lii'th from the base, and are wanting in still earlier

COELOCENTRUM. 45

whorls, the tube being smooth, with some opaque whitish
streaks. Guatemala.

Well distinguished by the narrowly coiled and very convex
whorls, which are much less numerous than in any of the
forms referred to C. arctispira. The sculpture, moreover, is
far finer than described for that species, being slightly finer
than in tomacdla. C. fistulare, which agrees in size with C.
tli*l>ar, is described as with slightly convex whorls, while in
di*l>ar the convexity is very conspicuous. The individual
whorls are shorter or lower than in fistulare, and the free por-
tion of the last whorl does not descend. Possibly Pfeiffer's
figures of fistulare pertain to C. dispar. Fig. 17 represents
the sculpture of the front of the penultimate whorl.

C. ASTROPHOREA Dall.

Shell .pale yellow-brown, decollate, with 15 remaining
whorls, the first six of which taper, while the rest are sub-
equal; suture distinct, minutely channelled, or with a sharp
edged thread on each side of it, surface polished with con-
cavely flexuous small ribs with wider interspaces, on which is
visible obscure spiral striation; last whorl keeled below, pro-
jecting, aperture rounded-triangular, slightly reflected, sim-
ple ; axis large, pervious except at the base ; within the whorl
with a medial keel on each side of which it is excavated and
vertically ribbed, while from the junction of keel and ribs
small spines like the rays of a star project into the lumen of
the whorl. Alt. 30, max. diam. 7, aperture 4.7 mm. (Dall).
Encarnadon, State of Hidalgo, Mexico (E. W. Nelson).

C. astrophorea DALL, Nautilus xi, p. 62 (October, 1897).
"C. acantliopliorca Dall," v. MARTENS, Biologia Centrali
Americana, Moll., p. 634 (Feb., 1901).

Though the spines [upon the internal pillar] are obviously
merely an evolution from the usual nodes, they are remark-
able, and hitherto unrecorded in any species. (Dall).

C. LUDERSI (Pfeiffer).

Shell perforate, oblong-cylindrical, widely truncate, rather
solid, finely and subarcuately striate, fleshy-whitish, whorls
remaining 8, flat, joined by a linear suture, the last provided
with a strongly projecting keel. Aperture slightly oblique,

46 COELOCENTRUM, SECT. LIOCENTRUM.

subangular-piriform ; peristome white-calloused, interrupted,
shortly reflexed, the columellar margin subvertical, within
slightly folded above. Length 22y 2 , diam. 8y 2 mm.; oblique
length of aperture 5, width 4 mm. (Pfr.)

Cyl. liidersi PFR., Monogr. Hel. Viv. iv, p. 712 (1859) ;
Malak. Bl. xxiii, p. 217.

Said to be from S. Domingo (Liider's coll.). In his review
of the Monographia Pfeiffer states that this species " differs
from the rest of the Coelocentrums in that the hollow internal
column shows also an external perforation at the base. ' ' The
species has not been figured, and the interrupted peristome
seems an unusual character for this genus. If really a Coelo-
centrum, as Pfeiffer states, the locality, given with doubt by
Pfeiffer, must be erroneous.

Section LIOCENTRUM Pilsbry, 1902.

This group differs from typical Ccclocentrum in wanting
riblets or lamellae upon the smooth internal pillar, which may
be either cylindric or swollen within each whorl. Type C.
filicosta ( Shuttl. ) .

See under C. filicosta for description of the apex (pi. 18,
fig. 38).

I. Rather small species, diam. 6y 2 -9y 2 mm., length 22-30
mm.; ribs rather widely spaced, the intervals spirally
striate.

a. Internal pillar swollen within each whorl; riblets
well spaced. C. filicosta, p. 47.

&. Internal pillar cylindric; riblets a little closer.

C. crosseanum, p. 47.

II. Larger forms, diam. about 14 mm. ; costula? of the outer
surface numerous and feeble.

C. chain />ioiii, p. 49; C. datli rat-urn, p. 49.
Strebel has already remarked that in this group there are
some opaque white lines in the substance of the smooth col-
umn, taking the place of costulrc on the internal pillar.

In the last two species the internal column is described as
with very faint costulse, and in championi at least it is figured
1)\ von Martens as remarkably slender, almost like that of
Kucaludinm (pi. 9, f. 14).

COELOCENTRUM, SECT. LIOCENTRUM. 47

The exact affinities of C. championi and clathratum remain
to be determined.

C. CROSSEANUM (Pfeiffer) . PI. 17, figs. 26, 27, 28, 29.

Shell deeply rimate, cylindric, tapering above, rather solid,
chestnut colored. Surface glossy, sculptured with arcuate
riblets, about 5 in the space of 2 mm. on the antepenultimate
whorl, somewhat closer on the penult, and becoming crowded
011 the latter part of the last whorl, the intervals much wider
than the ribs, and sculptured with coarse, obliquely spiral,
descending striae. Whorls remaining 10 to lO 1 /^ convex, the
last free in front, rounded basally, the base bounded by a low.
cord-like keel. Aperture oblique, rounded-oval, livid fleshy
or violaceous within ; peristome continuous, whitish, narrowly
expanded.

Internal column smooth and glossy, very slightly swollen
below the middle within each whorl.

Length 29.2, diam. 9 mm. ; longest axis of apert. 6.2, width
5.5 mm.

Length 29. diam. 9.5 mm. ; longest axis of apert. 7, width
6 min.

State of Vera Cruz, E. Mexico: Orizaba (Botteri) ; Cuaut-
latitlan, between Jico and Perote, N. of Orizaba (Dona Este-
fania Salas).

Cylindrella crosseana PFR., Journ. de Conchyl. xv, 1867, p.
4",1 ; Monogr. vi, p. 378; Novit. Conch, iii, p. 437, pi. 97, f. 26,
27. Eucalodimn crosseanum C. & F., Journ. de Conchyl.
xviii, p. 22. Ccclocentntm crossconuin FISCH. & CROSSE, Moll.
Mex. i, p. 351, pi. 15, f. 16, 16 a. STREBEL, Beitrag iv, p. 60,
pi. 6, f , 1 a-d, 5 ; pi. 14, f. 4, 7 A, B. MARTENS, Biologia, Moll.,
p. 272.

This is a larger shell than C. filicosta, with finer rib-sculp-
ture and a straighter internal column, that of C. filicosta being
Swollen within each whorl, while in crosseanum it is hardly
perceptibly so.
C. FILICOSTA (Shuttleworth). PL 18, figs. 38, 39, 40, 41.

Shell deeply rimate, cylindric, tapering above, rather thin,
light yellowish-brown or greenish, glossy, sculptured with

48 COELOCENTRUM, SECT. LIOCENTRUM.

rather widely spaced, narrow, arcuate riblets, about 2 in the
space of 1 mm. on the front of the penultimate whorl, becom-
ing irregular, crowded, or in part obsolete on the latter part
of the last whorl ; the interstices finely wrinkled or striate
spirally. Whorls remaining lli/o-12, convex, closely coiled,
the last produced forward, rounded beneath, the base defined
by a low cord or none. Aperture slightly oblique, irregularly
rounded, the peristome expanded and narrowly subreflexed
throughout. Internal axis smooth, polished, distinctly swol-
len within each whorl. Length 23.6, diam. 7.5 mm. ; longest
axis of aperture 4.6, width 4.2 mm.

State of Vera Cruz, E. Mexico: Cordova (Guillarmod and
Salle) ; Orizaba, about 500 ft, above the town (Heilprin
Exped.).

Cylindrella filicosta SHUTTL., Diagn. neuer Moll., iii, p. 36,
in Mittheil. der Natur. Ges. in Bern, 1852, p. 296. PFR.,
Monogr. iii, p. 573 ; Conchyl. Cab., p. 19, pi. 2, f . 30, and pi. 8,
f. 9, 10. SOWERBY, Conch. Icon, xx, pi. 12, f. 107. Codoccn-
I rum filicosta FISCHER & CROSSE, Moll. Mex., i, p. 352, pi. 15,
f. 17, 17 a. STREBEL, Beitrag, iv, p. 61, pi. 5, f. 14. MAR-
TENS, Biologia, p. 272.

A somewhat smaller species than C. crosseanum, with
slightly more spaced ribs, and the internal pillar is swollen
near the middle. It must be by a mistake that Fischer &
Crosse figure and describe the axis of filicosta as "rather dis-
tantly, somewhat obliquely and obsoletely ribbed;" for three
specimens I have opened, as well as those examined by Stre-
bel, present but a smooth pillar.

A specimen from Orizaba (pi. 18, figs. 39, 40) measures,
length 25, diam. 7 mm., aperture 4 x 3.8 mm., and retains 14
whorls. It has the internal sculpture and the pillar of the
species, and cannot be referable to crosseanum. A very
young specimen (pi. 18, fig. 38) shows the dome-shaped first
whorl to be smooth. The next 5 whorls are equal in diameter,
weakly ribbed below the suture. The whorls then increase
rather rapidly in diameter,and the rib-sculpture of the adult
form begins on the ninth one. The detail figure of sculpture
(fig. 39) is from the front of the antepenult, whorl.

COELOCENTRUM, SECTION LIOCENTRUM. 49

<J. CHAMPIONI v. Martens. PI. 9, figs. 12, 13, 14, 15.

One broken specimen somewhat intermediate between C.
gigas and C. clatkratum; 14 mm. in diameter, of a yellowish-
grey color, white at the suture ; costulae more feeble and numer-
ous, above 100 in the whorl before the last, the interstices of
the same width, or scarcely twice as broad, spiral stria very
faint, not crossing the costulre (fig. 15). The 3-4 terminal
whorls of equal diameter. An angular line, and beneath it a
very shallow furrow at the base of the last whorl, more feeble
near the aperture. Costuhe at the outside of the columellar
axis very faint. Aperture protracted 4 mm. beyond the
suture, obliquely oval, angulate above and below, 13y 2 mm - in
oblique height and 11 mm. in breadth; peristome thickened,
expanded, white, (v. Martens.)

W. Guatemala: Cerro Zunil (Champion).

C. championi v. MART., Biologia, p. 269, pi. 16, f. 26. 26 a-c
(November, 1897).

C. CLATHRATUM v. Martens. PI. 9, figs. 8, 9, 10, 11.

More turrete than fusiform, in this respect resembling the
preceding (C. championi}, but of a paler yellowish-grey
color, the costulae also feeble and somewhat more oblique in
the lower whorls, 87-90 in the whorl before the last, also some-
what unequal, the interstices mostly twice as wide as the cos-
tulce ; the spiral striae fine, traversing not only the interstices,
but also the costulae themselves, and giving to them an irreg-
ular, waved appearance. Whorls scarcely convex, 10 remain-
ing in the adult shell, the terminal 3-4 of equal diameter, the
last at the base with a very feeble angular line, which quite
disappears near the aperture. Umbilical rima arcuated. Cos-
tulae of the columellar axis very faint, scarcely visible. Aper-
ture protracted 4!/o mm. beyond the suture, obliquely oval,
somewhat angulated above and below; peristome thin, a little
expanded. Length of the truncate shell 54, diameter 14 mm. ;
aperture 12 long, 9 broad, (v. Mart.}

W. Guatemala : Hacienda Buenavista in Upper Cholhuitz,
Costa Cuca, at an elevation of 3500 feet above the sea. (0.
Stoll.)

50 COELOCENTRUM, SUBG. ELASMOCENTRUM.

C. dathratum v. MART., Biologia, Moll., p. 269, pi. 16, f. 29,
a-c, 30 (Nov., 1897).

Subgenus ELASMOCENTRUM Pilsbry, 1902.

Like typical Coclocentrum in the general form of the shell
and the large, hollow internal column ; but the latter is smooth
externally, and in the last two whorls there runs a spiral
lamella like that developed in Anisospira.

C. EXLEX n. sp. PI. 17, figs. 20, 21, 22, 23.

Shell deeply rimate and perforate, cylindric-fusiform, the
upper third tapering, last whorl distinctly contracted under
the penultimate, fourth whorl from the last widest; rather
thin, whitish flesh-tinted. Surface lustreless, sculptured with
irregular, strongly arcuate riblets, about 6 to 7 in the space of
a mm. on the front of the penultimate whorl, about 4 on the
front of the last whorl. Whorls remaining 32^4, very convex
and very narrowly coiled, the last rounded basally and above,
girt by a low cord bounding the base; becoming free in front.
Aperture oblique, almost circular, brownish inside; the peri-
stome expanded, narrowly subreflexed. Length 23, diam. 7.6
length of aperture 4, width 4.5 mm.

Internal column large, its greatest diam. about 3 mm., white,
polished and without longitudinal sculpture. Within each
whorl it is concave, becoming convex near the base, not con-
tracted below the convexity. Within the last and penultimate
whorls it is encircled close to the base by a sharp and rather
strong spiral lamella, the lower end of which may be seen
weakly appearing in an oblique view in the mouth.

Mexico, exact locality unknown.

With the narrow whorls and rather coarse sculpture of typ-
ical C. arctospira, this species differs conspicuously in the far
smaller number of whorls retained. The interior of typical
C. arctospira is unknown, but the form referred to that species
by Strebel has a pillar with longitudinal sculpture, totally
unlike the column of this species, which stands unique in the
genus, and indeed closely approaches that of Anisospira. The
detail figure of sculpture (fig. 23) represents the front of the
last and penult, whorls.

COELOCENTRUM, SUBG. SPARTOCENTRUM. 51

Subgenus SPARTOCENTRUM Dall, 1895.

Spartocentrum DALL, Nautilus ix, p. 51, type C. irregulars
Gabb. Tcn<ri/i<t J. MABILLE, Bulletin cle la Soc. Philoma-
thique de Paris (8), ix, 1896-1897, p. 79, types Berendtia
<]i<jucti and B. niinoritta ]\Iab.

Shell, mauy-whorled, slender, cylindric below, tapering
above, retaining the apex entire. Apex bulbous, the first 2,y 2
whorls vertically costellate, following 2 whorls decussated,
granose, subsequent whorls ribbed, the last with no trace of a
subperipheral cord, adnate or becoming free. Internal axis
hollow, smooth, somewhat sinuous within each whorl, having a
spiral swelling or convexity. Type C. irregulars.

The species of this group are all from the arid plateau of
the central portion of Lower California. They differ from
the geographically separated Mexican group in retaining the
early whorls in adult life, in the special sculpture of these
whorls, and in the attenuation of the shell, which approaches
Epirobia in form. Berendtia has similar apical sculpture, but
differs in the very slender and imperforate axis.

Key to Species.

I. Last whorl in contact with the preceding one to the aper-
ture, the upper margin of the peristome adnate.

irregulars, p. 51.
II. Last whorl becoming free in front.

1. No interstitial striae between the riblets.

a. Whorls 21-22 in a length of 23.5 mm. ; diam. 2.7
mm. ; riblets on penult, whorl about 47.

eisenianum, p. 55.

6. Whorls 161/0-181/2 in a length of 24-25 mm.;
diam. 4.5 mm. ; riblets about 62 on penult, whorl.

minorinum v. gabbi, p. 54.

2. Striae in the intervals between riblets ; whorls 19-20 ;
length 301/2-33 ; diam. 5 mm. digueti, p. 56.

C. IRREGULARE (Gabb). PI. 13, figs. 15, 16 ; pi. 17, fig. 24.

Shell rimate, narrowly umbilicate or perforate, cylindric-
tapering, thin; white or pale reddish-brown in the bleached

52 COELOCENTRUM, SUBG. SPARTOCENTRUM.

specimens known. Regularly ribbed, the ribs about as wide
as the intervals, a little arcuate, and about 4 in the length of a
mm. on the penultimate whorl. Number of whorls unknown,
as those with fully-formed apertures are decollate, with no
closing septum above, and therefore it is impossible to state
whether the shell is normally subject to autotomy or has an
entire spire. In the type specimen (fig. 15) there are nearly
12 whorls; in another, more perfect individual (pi. 17, fig. 24)
there are 13, and judging by allied species, about six have been
broken off. Whorls convex, the last having the base a little
flattened and smoother, or strongly convex with undiminished
ribbing, a cord running around the verge of the umbilical area,
but with no subperipheral cord. Aperture subvertical,
rounded below, straightly truncate above. Peristome well
expanded, the columellar margin broadly dilated, parietal
margin adnate to the preceding whorl.

The internal pillar is smooth, somewhat sigmoid within each
whorl, there being a strong median spiral bulging or swelling.
The hole above has a diameter of about 0.8 mm. in a specimen
broken to 3% whorls (fig. 16) .

Length (broken) 19, diam. 4.2 mm. (type).

Length (broken) 21.6, diam. 4.8, longest axis of apert. 4,
width 4 mm.

Muleje, on the east coast of Lower California, below 27 de-
grees latitude, under loose volcanic rocks (W. M. Gabb).

Cylindrella (Urocoptis] irregularis GABB, Amer. Journ. of
Conch, iii, p. 238 (in part), pi. 16, f. 4 (Jan. 2, 1868). C.
(Gongylostoma} irregularis BINNEY, Land and Fresh-water
Shells of N. A., i, p. 23, fig. 17. PFR., Monogr., viii, p. 448.-
Holospira irregularis TRYON, Amer. Journ. Conch, iii, p. 313,
pi. 21 (15), fig. 30; Monogr. Terrestr. Moll. U. S., p. 140, pi.
15, f. 30. Coclocentrum irregulare FISCHER & CROSSE, Moll.
Mex., i, p. 349, pi. 17, f. 10 (fragment) . PILSBRY, Proc.
A. N. S., Phila., 1900, pp. 553, 554, f. 3, 4.

Differs from other Lower Californian species in having the
last whorl adnate to the preceding to the aperture, with no
tendency to become free. The aperture is but slightly oblique,
and differs from the other species in shape. There are 58

COELOCENTRUM, SUBG. SPARTOCENTRUM. 53

riblets on the penultimate whorl of the specimen shown in
fig. 16.

Gabb's description, with all the others cited above except
the last reference, was composite, as he had two very distinct
species mixed in his type lot. As much, if not more, of the
description applies to C. minorinum var. gabbi as to the pres-
ent spe'cies ; but as the figure given by Gabb himself, by Tryon
and those by Binney were all drawn from one specimen
(drawn in my fig. 15 of pi. 13), I have considered it best to
accept this as the type, as Gabb manifestly selected it as such.

In my former work on this species I mentioned four frag-
mentary specimens in the type lot ; but on further examination
I find that two of these belong to one individual, which has
now been mended, and is shown in fig. 24 of pi. 17. The lower
part of the same shell was drawn in fig. 16 of pi. 13.

J. G. Cooper, in the American Journal of Conchology, iv,
1868, p. 212, footnote, states that "Mr. R. H. Stretch has re-
cently brought from near Carson Valley, Nevada, latitude 39
degrees, fossils, or rather casts, closely resembling the Holo-
spira newcombiana and H. irrcgularis Gabb of Lower Cali-
fornia. They occur, he says, in the same formation that con-
tains Carinifex," etc. Nothing further is known of these
fossils.

C. MINORINUM (Mabille).

Shell elevated, subcylindrical, deeply and narrowly rimate,
toward the apex elongately attenuated, thin, pale buff, a little
shining ; apex obtuse, whitish, striate ; four embryonic whorls
ornamented with beautiful granulose spiral stria;, visible only
under a lens ; spire high, contracting below the apex ; provided
with numerous regularly placed, nearly straight riblets ; inter-
stices nearly smooth ; whorls 17, convex, regularly increasing,
separated by deep sutures, the last whorl of equal width with
the penultimate, a little compressed, angular toward the su-
ture, very obtusely carinated on the back, solute, slightly de-
scending; aperture a little oblique, angular above, ovate,
obscurely channelled at base of the columella; peristome
spreading, slightly thickened, continuous ; outer margin regu-

54 COELOCENTRUM, SUBG. SPARTOCENTEUM.

larly curved, columellar margin patulous, everted in the mid-
dle; columella twisted, slightly thickened. (Mabille.)

Plateaux above the arroyo de la Purissima, Lower Cali-
fornia. (Diguet.)

Berendtia minorina J. MABILLE, Bull. Soc. Philomath, de
Paris (8), vii, 1895, p. 70. Cf. PILSBRY, Proc. A. N. S., Phila.,
1900, p. 551.

No dimensions are given, and the species has not been fig-
ured. The locality may be near the Mission de la Purissima,
above the twenty-sixth parallel in W. longitude 112 degrees.

Var. GABBI Pilsbry. PI. 13, figs. 17, 18, 19.

Shell very slender and lengthened, cylindrical below, taper-
ing and attenuated above, retaining the apex perfect; thin,
rather fragile, covered with a light brown cuticle; composed
of 161/2-181/2 whorls, of which the initial one is globose, the
earlier 4y 2 form a cylindric or apically swollen portion; in-
crease in the diameter of the shell beginning with the fifth
whorl and continuing for about 6 whorls, the remaining whorls
of about equal diameter; all whorls decidedly convex, sepa-
rated by well-impressed sutures, the last somewhat more
lengthened, a little flattened peripherally, its latter portion
becoming free (Cylindrella-like), the solute portion variable
in length, somewhat descending, decidedly carinated above,
obtusely angular at base, with a slight spiral groove within the
margin of the umbilical tract, the umbilicus pervious but
small. Sculpture : earliest 2% whorls with close, fine, straight
vertical riblets only, the next 2 whorls with the riblets cut into
beads by spiral striaa; following whorls with strong arcuate
riblets separated by intervals of their own width, and about 62
in number on the next to the last whorl. Aperture irregularly
ovate, decidedly oblique, its length contained about five and
one-half times in that of the shell ; peristome thin, moderately
expanded throughout, the inner margin dilated and obtusely
angular in the middle ; columella slightly concave, a little exca-
vated below. Internal column rather slender, smooth oblique
and slightly gibbous below, less swollen within each whorl than
in C. irrcgulare.

COELOCENTRUM, SUBG. SPARTOCENTRUM. 55

Alt. 24.5, diam. of last whorl above aperture 4.5, longest axis
of aperture 4.5 mm. ; diam. of second whorl of the apex 1.7 mm.

High table-land of the interior of Lower California, espe-
cially about Muleje (W. M. Gabb).

Cylindrella irregularis GABB ct al. in part. Cceloccntrum
minorinum var. gabbi PILS., Proc. A. N. S., Phila., 19UO, p.
551 (Nov. 10, 1900).

Compared with C. irregularc Gabb, this form is somewhat
more attenuated, with the latter part of the last whorl project-
ing free, the aperture more oblique and of a wholly different
form, strongly resembling that of Berendtia taylori. The rib-
lets are more slender and threadlike. It differs from C.
digueti in being smaller, with fewer whorls, without sculpture
between the riblets, and with scarcely any observable twist to
the columella. It is evidently more nearly allied to C.
minorinum; but the riblets are arcuate rather than "fere rec-
tilineis;" only the third and fourth whorls have spiral granu-
lose stria?; the last whorl can hardly be said to be " versus
suturam angulato, dorso obtusissime carinato;" the aperture
is not "paululum obliqua," but decidedly oblique. Whether
these differences indicate specific or varietal distinction can-
not well be decided in the absence of a figure or dimensions of
Mabille's species, or of specimens for comparison.

The specimens were confused by Gabb with his C. irregu-
laris.

C. EISENIANUM Pilsbry. PI. 13, figs. 20, 21, 22 ; pi. 17, fig. 25.

Shell excessively slender and lengthened, the upper half
much attenuated, retaining the apex in adult individuals;
thin, rather fragile, light brown. Whorls 21-22, the first glo-
bose, the second slightly wider, then decreasing slightly in
calibre to the fifth ; the earlier 4y 2 whorls thus forming a pu-
poid or slightly club-shaped nepionic portion, below which the
diameter slowly increases; last 4 or 5 whorls of nearly equal
diameter. All whorls strongly convex ; the last whorl a trifle
flattened peripherally, its latter third becoming free and devi-
ating tangentially somewhat, the free portion carinated above,
having a cord-like keel around the umbilical region below.

56 COELOCENTRUM, SUBG. SPARTOCENTRUM.

Umbilicus small. Sculpture: first 2 1/2 whorls bearing very
close, fine, delicate vertical riblets; next 2 whorls with these
riblets cut into granules by spiral decussating lines ; following
whorls with close, fine, slightly arcuate riblets, about 47 in
number on the next to last whorl. Aperture decidedly ob-
lique, rhombic, its length contained nearly eight times in that
of the shell; peristome thin, continuous, slightly expanded
throughout. Internal axis smooth, sinuous, strongly swollen
near the base within each whorl.

Alt. 23.5, diam. of last whorl above aperture 2.7. length of
aperture 3 mm. ; diam. of second whorl of the apex 1.3 mm.

Lower California (Fred. L. Button).

C. eisenianum PILS., Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1900, p.
553 (Nov. 10, 1900).

This species differs from C. minorinum var. gabbi in the
following respects : With the same length it has a much more
slender form, more numerous and narrower whorls, coarser
costulation and a smaller aperture. The apical whorls are,
moreover, rather more club-shaped. It is not closely related
to any other species known.

In one specimen (pi. 17, fig. 25) the last whorl is more ex-
tensively free in front, and descends much more.

C. DIGUETI (Mabille).

Shell subrimate-perforate, cylindric, tapering towards the
apex, somewhat thin and rather fragile, a little opaque, desti-
tute of cuticle, grayish-buff, scarcely shining; beautifully
ornamented with obtuse, lamellose riblets, their interstices
seen under a lens to be quite regularly set with very minute
arcuate striae and riblets. Apex obtuse, mammillate; 4 to 5
embryonic whorls cancellated and beautifully granulose.
Whorls 19-20, convex, slowly and regularly increasing, the
last equal to the penultimate and slightly exceeding the ante-
penultimate in width; separated by a deep suture; the last
whorl free, rounded, slightly tapering, descending in front,
carinated at its insertion, with a short, obtuse keel surround-
ing the umbilical perforation. Aperture oval, angulate above,
obscurely channelled below at the base of the columella.

BERENDTIA. 57

Peristome free, expanded, thin, acute, the outer margin well
arched, the spreading columellar margin somewhat covering
the perforation. Colmnella twisted-arcuate, obscurely toothed
at the base. Length 30y 2 to 33, diam. 5 mm. (Mabille).

Lower California: Plateau de San Zavier, 25 degrees N.
lat. (Diguet).

Bcre'ndtia digueti J. MABILLE, Bulletin de la Societe Philo-
mathique de Paris, vii, 1894-1895, p. 70.

Larger than the other Lower Californiau species, having
the last whorl free, and distinguished by its intercostal sculp-
ture. The locality assigned may mean the Mission of San
Xavier, near the parallel of 26 degrees N. lat.

Genus BERENDTIA Crosse & Fischer, 1869.

Berendtia C. & F., Journal de Conchyliologie, xvii, 1869, p.
191 ; xviii, 1870, p. 22 ; Miss. Scient. Mex., Moll., i, p. 300.-
PPR., Monogr., viii, p. 450.

Shell rimate turreted, straightly tapering to an obtuse
rounded apex which is retained in adult shells. Whorls about
11, the first 2 vertically costellate, the next having the riblets
cut into spiral series of granules (pi. 18, fig. 35) ; last whorl
becoming free in front, acutely keeled above. Aperture ob-
lique, semicircular-ovate, the peristome broadly expanded and
subreflexed. Internal axis imperforate, very slender and
weakly sigmoid within each whorl (pi. 18, fig. 34, penult,
whorl) .

The foot is short, acuminate behind, with a median longi-
tudinal groove in a contracted state. The genital system is
simple. Penis very long without noticeable dilation. The
small rounded spermatheca is borne on a narrow duct as long
as the penis. The nervous system resembles that of Eucalo-
dium. The jaw (pi. 19, fig. 45) is very thin, arcuate, having
9-13 wide ribs separated by narrow, cross-striated intervals.
The radula has 126 rows of 30.1.30 to 32.1.32 teeth, in nearly
straight transverse rows. The centrals are tricuspid, lateral
and marginal teeth bicuspid (pi. 19, figs. 46, 47) .

Type B. taylori Pfr. Table-land of Lower California.

This genus resembles the closely related 'group Spartoccn-

58

BERENDTIA.

trum in the sculpture of the early whorls, which are retained
in the adult stage in both groups. It is more like Eucalodium
in the slender internal axis, but differs in the entire spire, the
shape of the aperture and the ribbed jaw.

B. TAYLOR: (Pfeiffer). PI. 18, figs. 30-36.

Shell deeply creased in the umbilical region but imperfo-
rate, turreted, regularly tapering, reddish-brown. Surface
sculptured with strong curved and oblique riblets, the inter-
vals densely and finely striate spirally. Whorls 11-11^, but
slightly convex, separated by an impressed suture, the last
whorl free and descending in front, more or less angular at the
periphery, having a rounded ridge at the base, and an acute
keel above. Aperture irregularly ovate, angular above, the
outer margin rounded, inner more straightened. Peristome
continuous, broadly flaring.

Length 48, diam. of last whorl above aperture 9 mm. : long-
est axis of aperture 12-13, breadth 10% mm.

Length 49, diam. of last whorl above aperture 8 mm. ; long-
est axis of aperture 12, breadth 10 mm.

Length 46, diam. of last whorl above aperture 8 mm. ; long-
est axis of aperture 12, breadth 10 mm.

High table-lands of the interior of Lower California, espe-
cially about Muleje, under loose volcanic rocks (W. M. Gabb).

Clausilia? (Balea?} taylori PER., P. Z. S., 1861, p. 27, pi. 2,
f . 7 ; Malak. Blatt., 1861, p. 83 ; Monogr. Hel. Viv., vi, p. 516.
SOWERBY, Conch. Icon., xx, pi. 1, f. 6. Cylindrella (TJro-
coptis) neivcombiana GABB, Amer. Journ. of Conch., iii, p.
237, pi. 16, f. 3 (1867). Holospira neivcombiana Gabb,
TRYON, A. J. Conch., iii, p. 314, pi. 21 (15), f. 33. Cylindrella
taylori Pfr., BINNEY, Land and Fresh-water Shells of N. A.,
i, p. 189, f. 328 (shell), 329 (teeth and jaw) . Berendtia tay-
lori Pfr., CROSSE & FISCHER, Journ. de Conchyl., xvii, 1869,
p. 191; xviii, 1870, p. 22, pi. 5, f. 11-17 (anatomy); Miss.
Scient. au Mex., Moll., i, p. 304, pi. 14, f. 1 (shell), pi. 16, f.
1-4 (anatomy).

Very distinct from other known forms. Pfeiffer's type
measures, length 47, diam. S l /2, aperture with peristome 13

EPIROBIA. 59

mm. long, 11 wide. There is some variation in the length of
the free portion of the last whorl and in the proportion of
breadth to length, sufficiently shown in the figures.

Genus EPIROBIA Strebel & Pfeffer, 1880.

Epirobia STREBEL, Beitrag zur Kenntniss der Fauna Mexi-
kanisehfcr Land- und Siisswasser-Conchylien, iv, pp. 77, 85,
E. bcrendti, polygyra, morini-polygyrella, apiostoma. -PiLS-
BRY & VANATTA, Proc. A. N. S. Phila., 1898, p. 281, type E.
polygyra. -Cylindrella and Holospira of some authors.

Shell thin, brown or corneous, rimate, many-whorled, re-
taining the apex complete ; slender and lengthened, attenuated
above, with the last whorl straightened and shortly free, not
carinate at the base. Apex obtuse, several succeeding whorls
not increasing in diameter, smooth ; following whorls striate
or costulate (pi. 18, fig. 37). Internal axis rather slender but
hollow, sculptured with longitudinal white streaks or irregular
lamellae, or granules formed by their dislocation and inter-
ruption.

The genital system (pi. 19, fig. 48, E. apiostoma) is imper-
fectly known from data obtained by Strebel & Pfeffer from
a dried specimen. A branch of the main right retractor band is
inserted on the atrium, and a long, band-like gland is accessory
to the vagina. This gland is apparently lined with gigantic
mucous cells (pi. 19, fig. 49), and its cavity communicates with
that of the vagina. Only the lower portion of the sperma-
thecal duct is shown. The penis has a stout retractor muscle
laterally inserted, the vas defereiis being apical.

The jaw is unknown. The radula of E. polygyra (pi. 50, f.
6, 7) is strap-shaped, bearing 18.1.18 teeth in slightly curved
and sinuous transverse rows, which near the edges become
more oblique. The middle row consists of teeth with the basal
plate short and square, the very broad, rounded middle cusp
projecting beyond it, side cusps small, basal, and separated
fronl the mesoconc. The adjacent lateral teeth are similar
except that the entocone is wanting. The passage from lat-
eral to marginal teeth takes place by the large cusp becoming
more acute, then developing an inner spur or entocone, which

60 EPIROBIA.

gradually becomes larger. On the middle and outer mar-
ginals the ectocone is split, the teeth being thus low and wide,
with two deeply bifid cusps, not differing much in length.

In E. berendti (pi. 20, fig. 4) Strebel shows somewhat
pointed mesocones, the central tooth with the ectocones con-
crescent with the main cusp. Formula 27.1.27. I have some
doubts of the correctness of the figure, and strongly suspect
that Strebel transposed the radula of E. berendti and Holo-
spira goldfussi.

Type, E. polygyra (Pfr.). Distribution, eastern and south-
ern Mexico (States of Vera Cruz and Chiapas) and northern
Guatemala.

This group is related to Holospira, differing chiefly in the
greater attenuation and lengthening of the shell, and espe-
cially in the more slender early whorls. The radula however
is more and differently specialized in Epirobia, both ento- and
ecto-cones being developed in the teeth of the median field,
basal in position and separated from the very large, rounded
mesocones; while in Holospira the teeth of the median field
have single, simple, conic cusps. The Lower Californian
group Spartocentrum has the same general contour, persistent
spire and hollow axis, but in that group the early whorls are
sculptured and the internal pillar smooth, while in Epirobia
the nepionic shell is smooth and the pillar roughened. There
is great external resemblance to the species of Brachypodella
inhabiting the same districts, but these have a slender, imper-
forate axis, and a keeled base, while Epirobia has a hollow
axis and a rounded base. Crosse & Fischer and von Martens
seem to have been unaware of the difference in internal struc-
ture, as they mingle the species of Brachypodella and Epirobia
without regard to it. Strebel fully grasped the significance
of the structure of Epirobia in his work of 1880.

The internal pillar has sculpture fundamentally like Gcelo-
stemma and even more like typical Ccdocentrum; but the rib-
lets have been much interrupted, so that in some species they
are hardly recognizable as such.

The genital system requires re-examination with fresh ma-
terial, Strebel's work thereon having been based upon dried

EPIROBIA. 61

animals, at best an unsatisfactory basis for critical work, even
in the hands of so skillful an operator.

The specialization of both shell and radula seem to me to
make a union of this genus with Holospira unnatural.

Key to Species of Epirobia.

I. Diameter contained 4-5 times, and longest axis oi' aperture
5-51/2 times in length of the shell.

1. Whorls 14; 121/2 x 3 mm. ; very closely rib-striate.

E. berendti, p. 61.

2. Whorls 17 ; 14 x 3 mm. ; very closely and finely hair-
striate. E. gassiesi, p. 63.

II. Diam. contained 6-8 times, and aperture 8-10 times in
length of shell.

1. Whorls 21 ; 18 x 2y 2 mm. ; minutely rib-striate, the
strias white, absent in places. E. swiftiana, p. 62.

2. Whorls 22-24 ; 16 x 2 to 17 x 2y 3 mm. ; finely arcuate-
striate. E. apiostoma, p. 63.

3. Whorls 22 ; 14 x 2*4 mm. ; whorls very short ; closely
arcuate-striate. E. polygyrella, p. 65.

4. Whorls 24-27; 17-19 x 2i/ 2 mm.; fine thread-like
stria?. E. poly gym, p. 64.

E. BERENDTI (Pfeiffer) . PI. 20, figs. 1, 2, 3.

Shell deeply rimate, subperforate, cylindric-turreted, very
closely rib-striate, slightly silky, violaceous-brown; spire en-
tire, the apex subacute, pale; suture deep. Whorls 14, con-
vex, the last becoming free, shortly produced forward, cylin-
drical, somewhat compressed dorsally. Aperture slightly
oblique, rounded, subangular above; peristome continuous, a
little expanded throughout. Length 12i/, diam. 3 mm. ; long-
est axis of aperture 2y> mm. (P/Y.).

Toxpan (Tuxpan) , on the slope of the mountain Matlagui-
ahuitl, near Cordova, State of Vera Cruz (Berendt).

Cylindrella berendti PFR., Malak. Blatt, xiii, 1866, p. 87;
Monogr., vi, p. 381. FISCHER & CROSSE, Miss. Scient. Mex.,
Moll., i, p. 409. Epirobia berendti Pfr., STREBEL, Beitrag, iv,
p. 86. pi. 13, f. 1 : pi. 14, f. 18. Holospira berendti Pfr.,

62 EPIROBIA.

MARTENS, Biologia, Moll., p. 281. C. I. var. albida F. & C.,
t. c., p. 409. E. berendti, specimens from Chiapas, STREBEL,
t. c., p. 86, pi. 3, f. 7.

Pfeiffer's type in Dohrn's collection has been examined by
Strebel. It is of a brownish-horn more or less dark color, on
which the fine riblets stand sharply out, their crests being
bluish- white or whitish. This white thickening often does not
extend over the whole extent of the rib, and frequently is
interrupted, when the ribs are not only less conspicuous to the
eye, but are really flatter. Quite exceptionally single or sev-
eral ribs are omitted. The axial tube has no inflations, but
there are thickened whitish strise and traces of the oblique,
short series of lamella? or long grains.

Var. albida (Fisch. & Crosse).

Color whitish instead of violaceous brown. Length 12,
diam. 3 mm.

State of Chiapas (Dr. Berendt).

The dentition has been figured by Strebel (see pi. 20, fig. 4;
the basal plates are not visible owing to the strong imbrication
of the cusps). The formula is 17.10.1.10.17x200. In my
opinion this radula belongs to Holospira goldfussi, having
been transposed by error.

E. SWIPTIANA (Crosse). PI. 20, figs. 20, 21, 22.

Shell slightly rimate, fusiform-turreted, elongate, thin, sub-
pellucid, sculptured with very close, minute, whitish, arcuate
riblets, here and there obsolete, showing the ground-color of the
shell, which is quite glossy and corneous-brown ; an alternation
of brown and white, dull and glossy, being thereby produced.
Spire slender, entire, the apex rounded, submammillate ; suture
impressed. Whorls 21, convex, the first ly^ smooth, glossy,
brown, the rest narrow, the last whorl rather shortly free, a
little protracted downwards, obsoletely subangular above and
below. Aperture subangulate-rounded, slightly oblique, pale
chestnut inside; peristome continuous, shortly expanded and
a little reflexed throughout, whitish. Length 18, diam. 2y 2 ,
longest axis of aperture 2 mm. (Crosse). Mexico f

EPIROBIA. 63

Cylindrella siviftiana CROSSE, Journ. de Conchyl., xi, 1863,
p. 388 ; xv, 1867, p. 200, pi. 5, f . 5. FISCHER & CROSSE, Miss.
Sclent. Mex., Moll., i, p. 407, pi. 17, f. 14. PER., Monogr., vi,
p. 370. Holospira siviftiana Cr., MARTENS, Biologia, p. 284.

The internal column is unknown. It seems most closely
related to E. berendti, but has more whorls and finer sculp-
ture, is 'more slender, and the free portion of the last whorl is
longer. Named in honor of Robert Swift.

E. GASSIEST (Pfeiffer) . PL 20, figs. 5, 6, 7.

Shell deeply and shortly rimate, fusiform-subulate, rather
thin, very finely and densely hair-striate, whitish-corneous.
Spire subulate, the apex entire, rather acute; suture simple.
Whorls 17, a little convex, subequal, the last free in front,
carinate above, slightly tapering downward and rounded at
the base. Aperture slightly oblique, obliquely angular-oval;
peristome continuous, very narrowly expanded throughout.
Length 14, diam. 3 mm. ; aperture 2y 2 mm. in oblique length

(Pfr.).

Chiapas, Mexico (Bland).

Cylindrella gassiesi PFR., Journ. de Conchyl., xv, 1867, p.
438; Monographia Hel. Viv., vi, p. 376. FISCHER & CROSSE,
Miss. Scient. Mex., Moll., i, p. 410, pi. 17, f. 17. Holospira
gassiesi Pfr., MARTENS, Biol., p. 283.

This species has fewer whorls than any of the genus except
E. berendti. The internal axis has not been examined.

E. APIOSTOMA (Pfeiffer). PL 20, figs. 12, 13, 14, 15.

Shell subrimate, subulate, subarcuately striatulate, diapha-
nous, whitish-corneous. Spire regularly tapering, the apex
entire, rather acute. Whorls 22-24, a little convex, the last
shortly protracted, angular above, more distinctly striate be-
low. Aperture subvertical, obliquely pear-shaped; peristome
white, somewhat reflexed throughout, the right margin some-
what sinuous above. Length 17, diam. 2y 3 , oblique length of
aperture 2 mm. (Pfr.) .

Cordova, State of Vera Cruz (Salle) ; at the entrance of the
cave of Cacahuatl (Hoge).

64 EPIROBIA.

Cylindrella apiostoma PFE., P. Z. S., 1856, p. 322; Conchyl.
Cab., p. 32, pi. 8, f . 3-5 ; Monogr., iv, p. 703 ; vi, 376 ; viii, 435.
-FISCHER & CROSSE, Miss. Sclent. Mex., Moll., i, p. 406, pi. 17,
f. 15. SOWERBY, Conch. Icon., xx, pi. 15, f. 129. Epirobia
apiostoma Pfr., STREBEL, Beitrag, iv, p. 88, pi. 5, f. 6 (shell),
pi. 13, f. 11 (genitalia). Holospira apiostoma Pfr., MARTENS,
Biologia, p. 283, pi. 17, f. 4.

Pfeiffer's description is given above. Strebel, who exam-
ined the types in Dohrn 's collection, gives the length of one of
them as 16.6, diam. 2.4, length of mouth 2.2 mm., whorls 23.

The specimen figured by Crosse and Fischer was a little
smaller, as are several before me, received from Salle. two of
which measure :

Length 16, diam. hardly 2, longest axis of aperture 1.7 mm. ;
whorls 22.

Length 15%, diam. 2, longest axis of aperture 1.5 mm. ;
whorls 22.

However, Strebel's photographic figure of the Pfeift'erian
type gives a breadth of 2 with a length of 16% mm., with the
mouth certainly less than 2 mm. ; so that it would seem certain
that his published measurements are erroneous. Those of
Pfeiffer, too, indicate diameter and length of mouth as too
large for his own figures.

The apex, as in all the group, is obtuse, and usually a num-
ber of the early whorls are very pale colored, as though aban-
doned by the viscera. All the whorls are decidedly convex.
The free portion of the last whorl is somewhat flattened on its
outer and upper surfaces, producing a decidedly ovate or
somewhat pear-shaped outline of the aperture, which is quite
characteristic. The slender axial tube bears irregular oblique
laminae, some of which are smooth or nearly so, while others
are coarsely serrate. In the last whorl there are only oblique
white veins in the substance of the pillar (pi. 20, fig. 15).

E. i-uLYOYRA (Pfeiffer). PI. 20, figs. 11, 16, 17, 18, 19.

Shell deeply rimate, subulate, thin, fleshy- whitish. Sur-
face lustreless, sculptured with arcuate, thread-like riblets
separated by spaces of fully double their own width. Whorls

EPIROBIA. 65

24 to 27, very convex, especially below the suture; the last
shortly free in front, tapering to the rounded base. Aperture
subvertical, rounded-ovate, the orifice pear-shaped; peristome
rather broadly expanded, somewhat reflexed, much narrower
and somewhat retracted at the upper outer angle.

Internal column slender, more or less swollen within each
of the lower whorls, nearly cylindric above, the swollen por-
tion roughened by acute granules, indistinctly arranged in
descending series (pi. 20, fig. 11).

Length 19, diam. 2.5, longest axis of apert. 2 mm. ; whorls
27.

Length 17, diam. 2.5, longest axis of apert. 2 mm.; whorls
25.

Cordova, State of Vera Cruz (Salle).

Cylindrella polygyra PFR., P. Z. S., 1856, p. 322 ; Conchyl.
Cab., p. 31, pi. 8, f . 6-8 ; Monogr., iv, p. 704. FISCH. & CROSSE,
Miss. Scient. Mex., Moll., p. 405, pi. 17, f. 16. SOWERBY, Conch.
Icon., xx, pi. 7, f. 5. Epirobia polygyra Pfr., STREBEL, Bei-
trag, iv, p. 87, pi. 5, f. 7 a, b, pi. 13, f. 2 (radula), pi. 14, f. 14
(axis). PILSBRY & VANATTA, Proc. A. N. S. Phila., 1898, p.
281, pi. 17, f. 2 (radula). Holospira polygyra Pfr., MARTENS,
Biologia, p. 284.

Larger than E. apiostoma, with more whorls, much more
prominent thread-like striae, and a more broadly expanded lip.

E. POLYGYRELLA (v. Martens). PI. 20, figs. 8, 9, 10.

Shell subrimate, fusiform-subulate, closely arcuate costu-
late, opaque, fleshy-gray; spire regularly tapering, the apex
rather large, entire. Whorls 22, convex, the diameter exceed-
ing double the alt., the last moderately free, rounded. Aper-
ture slightly oblique, obliquely pear-shaped, the peristome
expanded throughout, whitish. Length 14, diam. 214, diam.
of aperture I 1 /*? mm - (Mart.).

The columeilar axis is longitudinally costate, the costaB being
partly divergent and partly forked above; the lower half
within each whorl is not particularly swollen (fig. 8)
(v. Mart.}.

Northern Guatemala: Coban, Vera Paz, copiously (Salvin,
Sarg. et a/.).

) I1OLOSPIRA.

Cylindrella polygyrella v. MART., P. Z. S., 1863, p. 411;
Jahrb. d. Malak. Ges., iii, 1876, p. 261, pi. 9, f. 8. PPK.,
Monogr., viii, p. 622. Holospira polygyrella v. MART., Bio-
logia Central! Americana, Moll., p. 284, pi. 17, f. 1, 1 a, 1.
Epirobia morini STREBEL, Beitrag, iv, p. 87, pi. 5, f . 3 ; pi. 13,
f. 4 (radula) ; pi. 14, f. 15 A, B, c. Not C. morini Morelet.

"Distinct from the preceding by its smaller size (length
14, in one specimen 17 mm.), the more convex and broader
whorls (the visible part of the lower whorls 2y 2 times as broad
as high, instead of 1^-1% times, as in E. polygyra), and the
distinctly transverse, pear-shaped or triangular aperture"
(v. Mart.).

Strebel has figured the internal pillar as more rugose
than shown in v. Martens' figure. The teeth of the radula,
as figured by Strebel, resemble those of E. polygyra in form.

Genus HOLOSPIRA von Martens, 1860.

Acera ALBERS, Die Heliceen, 1850, p. 209. Not Akera
Miiller, 1776, nor Acera Cuvier, 1810. Holospira v. MARTENS
in Alb., Die Hel., edit. 2, p. 39 (I860). CROSSE & FISCHER,
Journ. de Conchyl., 1870, p. 13 ; Miss. Scient. au Mex., Moll.,
i, p. 318. STREBEL, Beitrag Mex. Land- und Siisswasser-
Conch., iv, p. 82 (1880). DALL, Nautilus, ix, p. 50 (1895) ;
Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., xix, p. 346 (1897). v. MARTENS, Bio-
logia Centrali Amer., Moll., p. 273.

Shell small, cylindric, terminating above in a conic spire,
retaining all the ivhorls, rimate or perforate. Whorls 11-21,
the first iy 2 smooth, the rest smooth, striate or ribbed, closely
coiled, the suture superficial; last whorl more or less built
forward. Aperture small, obliquely pear-shaped, rounded or
oval, the peristome expanded or reflected, continuous and usu-
ally free throughout. Internal column hollow, variously
sculptured or smooth. Type H. pilocerei Pfr. (holos, entire,
and spcira, spire) .

Geographic range extending from southern Mexico to Texas,
Arizona and New Mexico ; but not reaching Lower California,
or on the southeast, Guatemala. Confined chiefly to the ele-
vated plateau, where they live under cacti, etc., in sunny
places.

HOLOSPIRA. 67

These snails can tolerate great heat. Living specimens of
H. strcbcliana and H. nelsoni sent me survived immersion in
actually boiling water for some minutes. Unlike other snails,
they did not retract in the water. They probably experience
a high temperature in the exposed situations they inhabit.

The present genus was first indicated by Albers in 1850, as
a section of Cylindrella, under the name Acer a. This name
being preoccupied, Prof. E. von Martens in 1860 replaced it
by the appropriate term Holospira, 'entire spire,' alluding to
the retention of the early whorls in this series, while they are
generally lost in other members of the family. He included
with them some species now referred to Epirobia. The group
was elevated to generic rank by MM. Crosse & Fischer in 1870,
and we owe to these authors the first information upon jaw
and teeth, and the observation that the axis is a hollow tube,
as in Ccclocentrmn.

In 1865 Thomas Bland had recorded the presence of lamelke
within the penultimate whorl of //. goldfussi, but no taxo-
nomic use was made of this fact until the genus passed under
the penetrating eye of Hermann Strebel, 1880. This able
observer was apparently the first who was not deterred from
cutting shells by the fear of injuring "specimens." His
genius for taxonomy grasped the value of the internal char-
acters in classification, and upon these characters he based the
new groups Metastoma, Bostrichocentrum and Uolospira in a
restricted sense. Prof. William II. Dall (1895) amplified the
classification along the lines initiated by Strebel; and although
there has been a considerable increase in the number of species
since his classification was proposed, no material change
therein, further than the restriction of Metastoma to its orig-
inal limits, has been made in the present work, further re-
search confirming his conclusions.

The monographs of Crosse (Journal de Conchyliologie,
1892) and of von Martens (Biologia Centrali Americana,
1897) practically ignore internal characters. Though later
in date, they are to be classed with the work preceding Strebel.

Many species doubtless remain to be found. The list given
by Crosse & Fischer in 1873 contains 13; Stearns, 1890, has

68 HOijOSPIRA.

16 ; Crosse, 1892, 16 species ; Dall, 1895, 22 species ; von Mar-
tens, 1897, has 12 species (those from the United States being
omitted) . The present work describes 28 species.

Most of the forms are known from the type localities only ;
and while the range of many of them will doubtless be ex-
tended by further collections, it is obvious that they are much
more restricted in habitat than most of the land snails of other
families inhabiting the same regions. Though usually occur-
ring in abundance where found, they seem to be exceedingly
local.

The only fossil species referable to this genus is the Puerco
(lower Eocene) Holospira leidyi (Pupa leidyi MEEK, Sixth
Ann. Rep. U. S. Geol. Surv. of the Terr, for 1872, p. 517 ; 1873.
WHITE, Bull. U. S. Geol. Survey no. 34, p. 27, pi. 5, f. 8, 9, 10;
1886), from near the town of Nacimiento, New Mexico, and
also from the base of the Bridger or top of the Green River
Group, 12 miles south of Fort Bridger, Wyoming. While not
absolutely conclusive, this species seems to have all the fea-
tures of Holospira, as Meek himself suspected. In New Mex-
ico it occurs with Helix nacimientensis White, a form appa-
rently referable to the Mexican genus Lysinoe, judging by the
size, the circunrambilical angle, etc.

Soft Anatomy of Holospira.

The foot is small, narrow for its length, and in H. roemeri,
dalli, strebeliana and nelsoni the sole is undivided. In several
dried specimens of H. goldfussi Strebel discerned a very nar-
row median band. The tail is depressed ; upper surface gran-
ulose, with a prominent row of granules along the margins in
H. goldfussi (pi. 19, fig. 54) according to Strebel. In the
other species examined this is hardly noticeable (pi. 15, fig.
14, H. elizabetha) . At the angle of the mantle there are small
righgt and left neck-processes in all the species examined (pi.
19, fig. 51, H. goldfussi} .

Pallial organs. The lung is long and narrow. Kidney very
narrowly triangular, being wider at the base, tapering ante-
riorly, slightly longer than the pericardium (pi. 27, fig. 37,
H. dalli x 4). There is apparently no secondary ureter.

HOLOSPIRA. 69

Alimentary tract. The buccal mass is small, about twice as
long as wide, the oesophagus opening well forward. Salivary
glands not united, in H. roemeri rather short, and on short
ducts (pi. 27, fig. 39). In H. goldfussi the ducts are long,
according to Strebel. The fore-gut in H. roemeri (pi. 27, fig.
39) is slender, dark-colored, and follows the pharyngeal re-
tractor, lying thus near the central pillar of the shell. Pos-
teriorly it dilates into the stomach, which fills the greater part
of the upper whorl of the cylindrical portion of the shell, and
is copiously black-pigmented on its peripheral surface. The
hind-gut revolves at the suture, and is white. I could make
out but two longitudinal folds of the whole intestine, but from
the constancy of the four-folded type, and its distinct develop-
ment in Urocoptis (q. v.), I may have overlooked a small fold.
Unfortunately I have no material in condition to make another
examination. The liver occupies all the whorls of the cone.

The jaiv is thin, arcuate, with a wide median projection
below or none. It is smooth in H. roemeri (pi. 27, fig. 38) and
E. nelsoni (pi. 27, fig. 40), irregularly, very finely striate ver-
tically in H. dalli (pi. 27, fig. 42). In H. pilsbryi (pi. 27, fig.
41) there are diverging, unequally spaced strise. In H. gold-
fussi there are distinct plates towards the edges, and elsewhere
a rather irregular somewhat scaly sculpture (pi. 19, fig. 50,
after Strebel). It varies therefore from the smooth, through
striated almost to the plaited type.

The radula is about four times as long as wide, with from
19.1.19 teeth (in H. pilsbryi) to 27.1.27 (in H. nelsoni). The
transverse rows are nearly straight in the middle, bending
forward at the two ends. It has been examined in H. gold-
fussi (Binney, Strebel), H. tryoni and " pfeifferi" ( =
minima) (Fischer), and in H. nelsoni, pilsbryi, roemeri, eliza-
bctha and dalli by myself. In the species of typical Holo-
spira the teeth are more numerous, 17.9.1.9.17 =53 in gold-
fussi, 19.8.1.8.19= 55 in nelsoni; the cusps are rather short,
conic, and those of the outer lateral teeth are not split, there
being but two (pi. 50, fig. 4, H. goldfussi, after Binney). In
all the other species examined the teeth are of substantially
the same type, varying in the length of the cusps in the several

70

HOLOSPIRA.

forms. The central and lateral teeth have single, stout, conic
cusps. The transition to marginals is made by the gradual
development of an ectocone, at first small and simple, and in
the usual position. The outer marginal teeth are short, wide
and usually have both cusps bifid, or the outermost ones may
be irregularly cusped. The count of teeth is less than in typ-
ical Holospira, as follows: H. (Bostrichocentrum) tryoni
13.7.1.7.13 = =41; H. (.) pilsbryi (pi. 50, fig. 5) 13.6.1.6.13
= 39; H. (Haplocion) minima 17.6.1.6.17=47; H. (Meta-
stoma) roemeri 13.7.1.7.13=41; H. (Ccclostemma) dalli
13.8.1.8.13 = 43; E. (C.) elizabetha has 8 or 9 unicuspid
laterals.

In H. goldfussi, Strebel & Pfeffer found a type of radula
quite unlike those examined by Fischer or myself, and differ-
ing widely from what Binney figured for the same species.
They describe the central and lateral teeth as with ectocones
wholly separated from the cusp, and concrescent with the
basal-plate of the next older tooth. The main cusps are very
short and broad, etc. This differs so radically from what has
been observed in other species that I am compelled to believe
that some mistake in the identity of the radula was made.
Indeed I believe that Strebel got the radnlae of Epirobia
berendti and Holospira goldfussi transposed, and figured the
one for the other. The forms of the individual teeth and the
formula given for a transverse row point significantly to this
conclusion.

Tlie genital system of H. goldfussi (pi. 19, fig. 52) has been
examined by Strebel & Pfeffer; of H. nelsoni (pi. 27, figs.
33, 34), H. (Metastoma) roemeri (pi. 27, fig. 36), H. (Caclo-
stemma) dalli (pi. 27, fig. 35) by myself. In all of them there
is an atrium of moderate length ; the penis is short, with a very
long vas deferens; the retractor muscle (p. r.) being inserted
at or just beyond the slightly swollen penis, and proximally
attached to the floor of the lung, as usual. In H. nelsoni there
are internal folds in the penis, showing through. There are
no accessory organs. The, spermatheca and oviduct are sepa-
rate to the atrium in the species I have opened, but in 77. gold-
fussi, Strebel figures a capacious vagina. The oviduct is ex-

HOLOSPIRA. 71

treinely long, the albumen gland small, lying in the volution
anterior to that containing the stomach (in H. roemeri}. The
ovisperm duct is strongly convoluted but not knotted in ap-
pearance. The spermatheca is small and ovate, on a duct as
long as the oviduct. This duct is simple in H. goldfussi, dalli
and roemeri, but certainly bears a long diverticulum in H. nel-
soni (pi. 27, fig. 33).

The free retractor muscles are excessively long, attached
proximally to the axis at about the junction of the cone with
the cylindrical portion of the shell. In H. roemeri (pi. 27,
fig. 43, x 5) the left ocular retractor unites with the pharyn-
geal retractor at about the posterior third of the length of the
latter. This baud then unites with the colurnellar muscle near
its posterior insertion. The right eye-retractor unites with
the columellar muscle at about the anterior third of the length
of the latter. Both ocular retractors give off some short ante-
rior pedal branches distally. The pharyngeal retractor is not
split at its distal insertion.

In H. goldfussi Strebel found a somewhat different ar-
rangement (pi. 19, fig. 53). The columellar and pharyngeal
bands are united for a greater distance posteriorly, and the
latter divides into four branches at about the same place:
right and left ocular, pharyngeal, and a median band inserted
in the integument below the mouth. This differs so radically
from the condition found in H. roemeri that it may be due to
an error of observation, the more likely because Strebel worked
from dried specimens which he soaked up.

Key to Subgenera and Sections of Holospira.
I. Internal column with a spiral lamella within the penulti-
mate whorl, sometimes with parietal, basal and peri-
pheral larnellee also. Whorls 11 to 17.

Subgenus HOLOSPIRA s. str.

a. Cavity of the penultimate whorl obstructed by four
lamellas, axial, parietal, basal and peripheral, the
last sometimes wanting.

Sect. Holospira, species 1-6.

6. Penult, whorl with a short axial and a parietal
lamella only. Sect. Eudistemma, sp. no. 7.

72

HOLOSPIKA.

c. Penult, whorl with a short axial and a basal lamella
only. Sect. Distomospira, sp. no. 8.

d. Penult, whorl with a short axial lamella only.

Sect. Haplostemma, sp. no. 12, 13.

e. A low plait or spiral swelling extending throughout
the cylindrical portion of the shell, a short lamella
superposed upon it in the penultimate whorl.

Sect. Bostricliocentrum, sp. no. 9-11.

II. Internal column smooth; interior without lamellae or
plaits of any kind; last whorl normal, straightened ante-
riorly; aperture without folds or other obstruction.
Whorls 11 to 19. Subgenus HAPLOCION, sp. no. 14-20.

III. Internal column smooth; interior without lamellae; last
whorl sinuous, turning sinistrally ; aperture oblong, with
a strong fold within the right margin and a columellar
callus in the throat. Whorls 12 to 14.

Subgenus METASTOMA, sp. no. 21.

IV. Internal column vertically ribbed, large. Whorls narrow
and numerous (17-21) ; terminal cone short.

Subgenus COELOSTEMMA, sp. no. 22-24.
V. Internal structure unknown. Species no. 25-28.

Subgenus HOLOSPIRA s. str.

Internal column bearing a spiral lamella or plait within the
penultimate whorl, or with additional lamella? upon the roof,
floor or outer wall of the same whorl.

This is the most numerous subgenus in species, but all of the
forms seem from present data to be excessively restricted in
distribution.

Section Holospira.

Cavity of the penultimate whorl obstructed by four spiral
lamella?, none of them exceeding a whorl in length : a colu-
mellar lamella, a large (parietal) lamella on the roof of the
whorl, a smaller (basal) one on the floor of the whorl, and a
palatal plait, usually the smallest and sometimes wanting, on
the outer wall. Teeth of the radula more numerous than in
other sections of the genus. Type H. pilocerei.

Six species with the structure of this group are now known

HOLOSPIRA. 73

more or less perfectly. With the exception of H. goldfussi
all are species of great rarity. Another form, H. teres Mke.
(sp. no. 28), unknown internally, may prove to belong to this
group. All of them are much alike in the internal armature.
They may be briefly diagnosed as follows :

//. tetrelasmus: Length 13.8-14.8, diam. 4.5-4.6 mm., being
thus about 3 times as long as wide; whorls 12i/o-13 1 /4, sculp-
tured with white or whitish riblets on a fleshy ground, the top
and base opaque white. The columellar lamella runs nearly
or quite to the mouth. Mexico.

H. pilocerei: Length 14, diam. 3 l / 3 mm., being about 4 times
as long as wide; whorls 15, finely striate, the last rugulose,
protracted. Interior unknown. Mexico.

H. goldfussi: Length 11-15, diam. 3.5-3.6 mm.; whorls 12-
14V:>, rather strongly ribbed, the ribs the same color as the
dull fleshy intervals. Internal column cylindrical, not wider
above; columellar lamella barely entering the last whorl.
Texas.

H. goniostoma: Length 15, diam. 3.7, the length about 4
times the diameter; whorls 15-16, sculptured with fine white
riblets. Internal column decidedly wider above; columellar
lamella obsolete in the last whorl. Mexico.

H. pfeifferi: Length 15.5-17.5, diam. 5-5.6 mm., about 3
times as long as wide; whorls 12, very finely sharply ribbed.
Palatal lamella wanting, basal lamella small. Tehuacan,
State of Puebla.

H. nelsoni: Length 16-17.4, diam. 4.7-4.5 mm., whorls 15y 2 .
White, with blue stains and flecks, the early whorls fleshy-
brown; slowly tapering, more rapidly near the apex, where it
is sharply, finely striate, the following whorls obsoletely ribbed,
last whorl finely and distinctly ribbed; ribs and intervals of
the same color. Internal column small, cylindrical, of about
equal width above and below. Guadalupe Mts., Mexico.

1. H. TETRELASMUS n. n. PL 21, figs. 23-27.

This species shows externally some resemblance to H. tryoni,
but the shell terminates in a longer cone above, and the chalky
white color is confined to the upper and lower portions, while

74 HOLOSPIRA.

the median whorls are more flesh-colored, or have a violet
shade. The white and opaque embryonic whorls are smooth,
then fine, sharp riblets appear, which gradually pass into
coarse, closely-placed and very obtuse riblets, which are re-
lieved against the background by their intensely white or at
least lighter color, and stand alone or are coalescent. Upon
the last whorl these riblets become again sharper, that is, more
raised. The whorls, though flatly convex, project a little at
the suture, so that it is impressed. The last whorl is some-
what compressed around the very narrow umbilical chink,
laterally flattened near the aperture, not free for very long,
and provided with a wide, calloused sutural keel above, which
corresponds to a wide channel in the aperture. The end of
the columellar lamella is visible more or less distinctly upon
the inconspicuous somewhat oblique, deep-seated columellar
fold. The columellar lamella revolves around the internal
column in the last whorl, increases rapidly and then decreases,
and at its largest projects rather far in the lumen of the
whorl. The parietal lamella does not hang vertically, but its
lower edge flares outwards somewhat; it increases slowly in
size and then diminishes rapidly. The basal lamella is very
short, callous, and strongest at the end. The palatal fold is
still shorter and weakly developed, and is not visible through
the shell from the outside. The interior is here ochre-yellow,
while the inside of the mouth is white.

Length 13.8, diam. 4.5, alt. apert. 3.3, width 3.5 mm. ; whorls

Length 14.8, diam. 4.6, alt. apert. 3.5, width 3.4 mm. ; whorls

Mexico (Liebmann).

Cylindrclla piloccrci PFR., Monogr., ii, p. 382; iii, 579; iv,
710; vi, 389; Conchyl. Cab., p. 61, pi. 6, f. 32, 33. PHILIPPI,
Abbikl. u. Beschreib., iii, p. 5, pi. 3, f. 7, 8. Holospira pilo-
cerei Pfr., FISCHER & CROSSE, Miss. Scient. Mex., Moll., i, p.
329, pi. 17, f. 5. STREBEL, Beitrag, iv, p. 82, pi. 5, f. 1.
CROSSE, Jonrn. de Conchyl., xl, 1892, p. 265, pi. 5, f. 3, 3 a,
and var. B, p. 266, pi. 5, f. 4, 4 a. MARTENS, Biologia, p. 278.
In all cases exclusive of references to Pfeiffer's Symbolae and
Philippi's Abbikl., i. Not C. pilocerei Pfr., 1841.

HOLOSPIRA. 75

The above description and figures 26, 27 are taken from
Strebel, who described and illustrated specimens bearing
Pfeiffer's label, C. Pilocerei, from the Pfeiffer-Dohrn collec-
tion. Figs. 23-25 are from Philippi, representing specimens
collected by Liebmann, as were those of Pfeiffer.

It is a less slender shell than the original pilocerei, with a
shorter neck and less triangular aperture.

H. tetrelasmus resembles H. tryoni externally, but is not so
smooth and the whorls are less narrow.

Crosse has described a variety a little smaller than the type,
with 12 whorls, the last not detached. Length 11, diani. 4
mm. (pi. 21, figs. 28, 29). The internal characters of this
variety are not known.

2. H. PILOCEREI (Pfeiffer). PI. 22, figs. 45-48.

Shell cylindrical, the apex conic, not truncate ; whitish ; lon-
gitudinally very delicately striate ; whorls 15, slightly convex,
the last rugulose, protracted, carinated above; aperture
spreading, pear-shaped. Length 7, diam. 1% lines [about 14,
3% mm.] (P/V.).

Cuautla de las Amilpas [in Puebla or Moreles], Mexico
(Hegewisch), on the cactus Pilocereus senilis.

Cylindrella pilocerei PFR V Symbolee ad Hist. Heliceorum,
p. 47 (1841), and in PHILIPPI, Abbild. u. Beschreib, i, p. 183,
pi. 1,17 (Dec., 1844).

"I received for determination the single figured specimen
from the late Hegewisch, and the species is to be found in no
collection known to me. It is principally distinguished by the
blunt, conic apex, and by the horizontal free deviation of the
last whorl, which is carinated not at the base, but on the back. ' '

The original description and copies of Philippi 's figure of
the unique type specimen are given above. They indicate a
shell more slender than the il H. pilocerei" of later authors,
with the last whorl more produced and the aperture shaped
much as in H. goldfussi. The internal structure is unknown,
and no specimen other than the single original type is on
record.

76 HOLOSPIRA.

3. H. GOLDFUSSI (Menke). PL 21, figs. 30-35.

Shell rimate or perforate, cylindric with a rather long, grad-
ually tapering terminal cone, dull flesh tinted. Surface lus-
treless, sculptured with strong riblets, which are decidedly
arcuate on the lower whorls, straighter and more oblique
above; the nepionic 214 whorls smooth. Whorls ll 1 /^ to 141/2,
the first two very convex, following whorls convex, the last
somewhat flattened laterally near the aperture, rounded below,
shortly free and produced forward. The upper surface flat-
tened and even concave, a strong, blunt keel at its junction
with the outer face of the whorl. Aperture rounded below,
truncate above, the peristome white, reflexed throughout, a
low prominence of the horizontal parietal margin projecting
inward near the outer angle of the aperture, which is thereby
somewhat spout-like.

The internal column is rather small and cylindrical, of about
equal calibre from the penultimate whorl to near the apex.
About 4 whorls from the last there arises a slight spirally
running swelling near the anterior partition in each whorl.
In the beginning of the penultimate whorl a strong lamella is
superposed upon this swelling, and runs 1^2 whorls down; it
increases rapidly, and diminishes slowly below, continuing but
a little way in the last whorl. A strong, wide, outward-
flaring parietal lamella arises with the columellar lamella, and
runs about % of a whorl. A short basal lamella arises a little
later than the preceding two, and extends about one-fourth of
a whorl downward. An acute but rather low palatal lamella
arises with the last, and runs about y 2 of a whorl. In fresh
specimens this is visible from the outside as a whitish line on
the front of the penultimate whorl.

Length 15, diam. 3.6 mm. ; whorls 14y 2 .

Length 14, diam. 4 mm. ; whorls 14.

Length 11%, diam. 4 mm. ; whorls 12.

Length 11, diam. 3y 2 mm. ; whorls 12.

Texas: On the Blanco River (B. F. Shumard) ; New Braun-
fels, Comal Co. (J. A. Singley) ; Dallas (J. Boll).

Cylindrella goldfussi MENKE, Zeitschr. f. Malak., 1847, p.
2. PHILIPPI, Abbild. u. Beschreib., iii, p. 6, pi. 3, f. 9.

HOLOSPIRA. 77

PFEIFFER, Conchyl. Cab., p. 61, pi. 7, f. 1-3; Monogr., ii, p.
383; iii, 579; iv, 710; vi, 389. BLAND, Ann. Lye. Nat. Hist,
of N. Y., viii, p. 160. W. G. BINNEY, Terrestr. Moll., iv, p.
151, pi. 79, f. 33; Land and Fresh-water Shells of N. A.
(Smithsonian Misc. Coll., no. 194), p. 24, f. 19. Holospira
goldfussi Mke., TRYON, Amer. Journ. of Conch., iii, pi. 15, f.
31, and reprint of same, Monogr. Terrestr. Moll. U. S., p. 140,
pi. 15, f. 31. W. G. BINNEY, Terr. Moll., v, p. 177, f. 86;
pi. iv, f. N (radula) ; Man. Amer. Land Shells, p. 422, f. 468,
466. STREBEL, Beitrag, iv, p. 83, pi. 5, f . 2 ; pi. 14, f . 17 A, B
(shell) ; pi. 13, f. 3, 5, and pi. 15, f. 2 A-E (anatomy).

The shell varies a good deal in size and shape. Some speci-
mens are almost exactly cylindric, while others are distinctly
swollen above. There is a tendency for the whorls to over-
hang the suture in some specimens. The internal lamellae
vary somewhat in position, but the palatal thread always lies
within the front or ventral part of the penultimate volution.

The locality, Dallas, given by Strebel on the authority of
Boll, is far to the north of the other localities, which lie in
adjacent counties south of the middle of the State. If correct
this is the most northern locality for Holospira. Menke's
types may have come from New Braunfels, an old German
colony. They were collected in Texas by G. A. Goldfuss, in
whose honor the species was named. The figures are from
New Braunfels specimens.

4. H. GONIOSTOMA (Pfeiffer). PI. 21, figs. 36-41.

Shell rimate, cylindric, rather solid, rather closely arcuate-
costate; brown-flesh colored; spire long, terminating in a
rather short cone. Whorls 15, rather flat, the upper corneous
and smooth, the last shortly free, produced forward, obsoletely
angular above and at the base. Aperture vertical, obliquely
angular-oval; peristome white, free and shortly expanded
throughout. Length 15, diam. 3%, oblique length of aper-
ture 2% mm. (P/r.).

Mexico (Mus. Cuming, Pfr. ; also Uhde).

Cylindrella goniostoma PFR., Malak. Blatt., iii, 1856, p. 47 ;
Conchyl. Cab., p. 63, pi. 7, f. 7-9; Monogr., iv, p. 710. v.

78

HOLOSPIRA.

MART., Malak. Blatt, xii, 1865, p. 15. Not C. goniostoma
Sowerby, Conch. Icon., xx, pi. 8, f. 72.Holospira goniostoma
FISCH. & CROSSE, Miss. Sclent. Mex., Moll., i, p. 328, pi. 17, f.
4. STREBEL, Beitrag, iv, p. 84, pi. 14, f. 6 A, B. c (axis).
CROSSE, Journ. de Conchyl., xl, 1892, p. 264. v. MART., Bio-
logia, Moll., p. 280.

Strebel's figures of the shell (fig. 37), the internal column
(fig. 38) and the lamellae (fig. 36) are reproduced on my plate.
He writes: The shell is rather lengthened, cylindric, rather
translucent, brownish-horn colored, lighter and becoming
somewhat whitish below, and set with fine, sharp, pretty
closely placed and somewhat oblique ribs, distinctly white and
continuing to the suture. On the upper half of the shell they
are rather straight, on the lower half somewhat curved, cor-
responding to the flatness of the upper, and the greater con-
vexity of the lower whorls. The embryonic whorls are smooth
and brownish horn-colored, placed somewhat obliquely and
button-like; the following whorls increase very slowly in
height, are separated by a deep suture. The last whorl is
compressed, feebly angular at the base, the free portion pretty
long, as it has been already described. The umbilicus is
closed. The internal column (fig. 38) is rather conspicuously
widened above the middle, narrowing again towards the apex ;
below it is rather narrow as a whole, and besides the dilation,
in each Avhorl, shows a dilation running spirally, which to-
wards the lower whorls is more and more thickened into a
lamella, which finally projects rather broadly into the whorl,
then in the last whorl rapidly diminishes again, and does not
reach to the aperture, where there is visible only a somewhat
oblique, indistinct, columellar fold. The three characteristic
lamella? in the interior of the last whorl have the following
disposition : The largest, cord-like, depends from the partition
between the whorls, begins in the third whorl from the mouth,
and runs to almost the beginning of the last whorl. It in-
creases in height gradually, and diminishes more rapidly.
The second (basal) lamella runs between the penultimate and
last whorls, but is only a half whorl in length. It is more
calloused, and only towards the end on the outer side projects

HOLOSPIRA. 79

cord-like. The third lamella, running on the inside of the
outer wall of the penultimate whorl, is a rather low, narrow
and short callus, showing through distinctly from the out-
side. All three lamellae are glossy white (fig. 36). Strebel
gives the length of a specimen from Cuming as 15.7 mm.,
whorls 16.

Von Martens remarks that the specimen taken by Uhde "is
very much shorter (length 12 mm.) than that of Cuming, and
it has only 14 instead of 15-16 whorls ; but in the diameter of
the whole shell and in the size of the aperture they are alike.
All are probably from central Mexico. ' '

5. H. NELSONI Pilsbry, n. sp. PI. 22, figs. 42, 43, 44.

Shell rimate, cyliudric-tapering, the cylindric lower portion
passing imperceptibly into the tapering upper half; thin but
moderately solid ; white, more or less extensively stained with
blue, and with streaks and dots of blue or dark flesh-color, the
intervals between the white riblets on the base and several
early whorls being brownish flesh-colored. Whorls 15^, the
first two smooth, following 5 or 6 closely and sharply striated
obliquely, this sculpture then becoming more obtuse, chang-
ing to very low, rather coarse riblets, more or less obsolete in
places, and usually so in the middle of each whorl ; on the last
whorl these riblets become narrower, stronger and closer, on
its latter half still closer and sharper ; and they extend over
the convex basal. The last whorl is very shortly produced
forward, flattened above, angular outwardly. Aperture ver-
tical, obliquely rounded-piriform, contracted and angular at
the upper external extremity, the margins straightened on
each side of the angle, elsewhere arcuate; peristome white,
expanded and somewhat thickened. Interior brown. Inter-
nal pillar small, of about equal size above and below, the
lumen of the penultimate whorl contracted by four lamellas:
a strong, thick-edged axial lamella, not over one whorl long,
and barely entering the last whorl; a larger lamella on the
parietal wall, arising rather suddenly and decreasing gradu-
ally, nearly one whorl in length, about half of this being in the
antepenult, whorl; a low palatal fold about % whorl long on

80 HOLOSPIRA.

the outer wall below its middle; and a basal lamella about a
half whorl in length ; this and the palatal fold standing on the
ventral side in the individual opened.

Length 17.4, diani. 4.7, longest axis of aperture 3.7 mm.

Length 17, diam. 4.5, longest axis of aperture 3.8 mm.

Length 16, diam. 4.7, longest axis of aperture 3.7 mm.
Mexico: Sierra Guadalupe, 6500 ft. elevation (E. W. Nelson).

This species resembles H. teres Mke. in contour, and when
the interior of that species is investigated it may prove to be a
variety thereof. However, with a somewhat smaller size, H.
nelsoni has more whorls, and the coloration differs. In H.
goniostoma the internal column is wider above, and the sculp-
ture apparently finer and more distinct. It does not seem
closely related to any other described species. Occurred with
H. dalli and H. strebeli.

6. H. PFEIFFERI (Menke) . PI. 22, figs. 49, 50, 51.

Shell ovate-oblong, subfusiform, swollen from the middle
down wards; apex conic, entire, a little obtuse; rimate, thin,
pellucid, pale yellowish, densely and very finely lamellose-
ribbed. Whorls 12, a little convex, the last not drawn out,
adnate posteriorly. Aperture rounded, the peristome con-
tinuous and reflexed. Length 7.6, diam. 2.5 lines [about 15.4,
5 mm.] (Mke.).

Mexico: Tehuacan, in the State of Puebla (Liebmann).

Cylindrella pfeifferi MENKE, Zeitschr. f. Malak., 1847, p. 1 ;
PHILIPPI, Abbild. u. Beschreib., iii, p. 6, pi. 3, f. 4. PFR.,
Monogr., ii. p. 382; Conchyl. Cab., p. 60, pi. 6, f. 30, 31.-
Holospira pfeifferi Mke., TRYON, Amer. Journ. of Conch., iii,
p. 313, pi. 15, f. 34 (but not the locality) ; Monogr. Terr. Moll.
U. S., p. 140, pi. 15, f. 34. FISCII. & CROSSE, Miss. Scient.
Mex., Moll., i, p. 323 (exclusive of var. b) . STREBEL, Beitrag,
iv, p. 84, pi. 13, f. 12. v. MART., Biologia, p. 280, exclusive of
varieties. CRGSSE, Journ. de Conchyl., xl, 1892, p. 260 (ex-
clusive of var., p. 261, pi. 5, f. 7, 7 a).

PIVifTVr, whose material was evidently part of the original
lol from Liebmann, gives the dimensions as length 17y 2 , diam.
in the middle 5% mm., the aperture 4 mm. long, 4y 2 wide,
whorls 12.

HOLOSPIRA. 81

Strebel and Pfeffer examined a somewhat defective speci-
men without exact locality, from the Berlin Museum. The
sculpture consists of sharply developed, pretty close, fine rib-
lets, but little curved, which on the last whorl are more sepa-
rated and coarser. The internal axis is similar to the preced-
ing species, but the palatal lamella (upon the inside of the
outer wall) is wanting, that upon the basal wall is reduced to
a callus, and the parietal one is normal. The specimen meas-
ures, length about 16.5, diam. 5.7, whorls 12. Possibly the
condition of the internal lamellae may be due to immaturity.

Tryon's description of this species, alluded to above, was
contracted, with liberties, from that of Pfeiffer, and his figure
is a bad copy of one in the Conchylien Cabinet. The speci-
mens before him from Sonora, which he gives as the locality,
belong to another species, H. minima.

Section Eudistemma Dall, 1895.

DALL, Nautilus, ix, p. 50 (Sept., 1895) ; Proc. U. S. Nat.
Mus., xviii, p. 3 (1895) ; xix, p. 346 (1897).

"Penultimate whorl with a short axial and a parietal
lamella only, the axis moderately large. Type H. arizonensis
Stearns. ' '

7. H. ARIZONENSIS Stearns. PI. 16, figs. 1, 2.
. Shell dextral, elongately cylindrical, fusiform, dingy white
to pale horn color, translucent. Number of whorls 12-13,
slightly convex, the sutures distinctly defined. The upper 6
or 7 whorls rather abruptly tapering towards the obtuse apex,
which has a slightly twisted and rather a papillose aspect.
The last whorl is curved under and constricted back of the
mouth, forming an umbilical notch. The apex and following
whorl are smooth ; the three or four succeeding whorls sharply
and somewhat obliquely plicated longitudinally, the median
and following whorls becoming somewhat obscurely sculptured
other than by distinct growth lines. The basal whorl is
strongly sculptured below, and back of the mouth, and ob-
tusely angulated underneath. Aperture ovate, slightly angu-
lated anteriorly, somewhat effuse, rimmed and projecting.
Length 12.5, diam. 4 mm. ; length 13, diam. 4 mm. (Stearns) .

82 HOLOSPIRA.

Arizona : Dos Cabezas. Two specimens and numerous frag-
ments were found in a cave in November, 1889, by V. Bailey,
U. S. National Museum, no. 104392.

Holospira arizonensis STEARNS, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., xiii,
1890, p. 208, pi. 15, f. 2, 3; xiv, 1891, p. 100. H. (Eudi-
stemma) arizonensis Stearns, BALL, Nautilus, ix, p. 50.

About the size and figure of H. remondi, but differing from
all other known species in the internal armature.

Section Distomospira Dall, 1895.

DALL, Nautilus, ix, p. 50 (Sept., 1895) ; Proc. U. S. Nat.
Mus., xviii, p. 3 ; xix, p. 346.

Penultimate whorl with a short, stout lamella on the axis
and a weaker basal lamella only ; axis otherwise smooth, mod-
erately large and cylindrical. Type H. bilamellata Dall
(Distomospira, spire with two apertures, i. e., divided into
two cavities) .

8. H. BILAMELLATA Dall. PI. 16, figS. 5, 10, 11.

Shell elongate, slender, blunt-tipped, with two smooth nu-
clear and 15 subsequent whorls; the spire increases evenly to
the eighth whorl and then very slowly attenuate; sculpture
of slightly oblique, little raised, nearly straight riblets with
doubly wide interspaces marked by somewhat irregular lines
of growth; the sculpture between the ninth and the last
whorl is more or less obsolete, but on the last whorl is strong,
crowded, and a little irregular; suture distinct; base a little
appressed; umbilical chink small; aperture as in H. crossei,
but projecting beyond the periphery of the last whorl. Length
of shell 20.5, maximum diameter 5 mm. (Dall.)

New Mexico : top of Hachita Grande Mountain, Grant Co.
(Dr. Mearns) ; with H. crossei, not uncommon; no. 129990.
U. S. N. M.

Holospira (Distomospira) l)ilamellata DALL, Proc. U. S.
Nat. Mus., xviii, p. 4 (1895) ; xix, p. 349, pi. 31, f. 3 (1896).

This species in form recalls H. semisculpta Stearns, but is
smaller, without the polished surface of the latter and of a
ferruginous white instead of the bluish color of H. semi-

HOLOSPIRA. 83

sculpta. The aperture in some specimens projected more
than in others which seemed fully adult. The internal arma-
ture consists of a short very wide flange near the base on the
pillar and a low but strong basal ridge extending about one-
third of a gyration slightly nearer the inner than the outer
wall of the whorls (Dall.)

The internal pillar is about 1 mm. in diameter, of about
equal calibre throughout except in the earliest and last
whorls, and as usual in Holospira, shows fine whitish lines
on a gray- white surface (bilamellatus, having two plates).

Section Bostrichocentrum Strebel.

STREBEL, Beitrag zur Kenntniss der Fauna Mexikanischer
Land- und Siisswasser-Conchylien, iv, p. 80, for B. tryoni
Pfr.

This group is characterized by the spiral lamella situated
low upon the axial column within the penultimate whorl.
There is also a low ridge or inflation spirally ascending the
column, which is not enlarged above. No other lamella or
folds exist. (Bostrychos, curl, and kentron, center).

Three species with this structure are known: H. tryoni,
with 11-15 narrow, closely coiled whorls, and measuring,
length, 13.5, diam. 4.5 mm., to length 9.7, diam. 4 mm. ; H.
veracruziana, with 17 whorls, length 17.5, diam. 5 mm. ; H.
pilsbryi, with 12-14 whorls, length 10.25-13 mm. ; the whorls
higher and the shell more slender than H. tryoni.

9. H. TRYONI (Pfeiffer). PL 22, figs. 52-58.

Shell perforate and rimate, cylindrical, conic above, thin
but moderately solid, opaque white, sometimes a little stained
with brownish flesh-color, the cone usually brownish. First
li/o whorls smooth; following whorls densely, sharply and
finely striate ; this sculpture continuing on the cylindrical
portion, but on the lower half becoming coarser and less
sharp, or irregular and almost obsolete, the last several
whorls being nearly smooth. Whorls 11 to 15, somewhat
convex, very narrow and closely coiled, 6 to 8 in the cylin-
drical portion, those above forming a rather short cone, the

84 HOLOSPIRA.

apical whorls rounded, a little projecting, nipple-like. The
last whorl is rounded below, and not produced forward,
though the peristome is usually free. Aperture subcircular,
vertical, peristome continuous, expanded and slightly re-
flected, rarely adnate above. The internal axis (fig. 57) is
about one-fifth the diam. of shell, pillar-like, of about equal
diameter above and below. It is encircled by a slight ridge
or convexity, which revolves below the middle in each whorl,
throughout the cylindrical portion of the shell, though weak
in the intermediate whorls. In the penultimate whorl a
callous cord is superposed upon this ridge, producing an
obtuse lamella about one whorl long, extending into the last
whorl but not reaching the aperture. The pillar is other-
wise smooth, showing some fine longitudinal white lines on a
bluish-white ground.

Length 13, diani. 4.2 mm. ; whorls 14%.

Length ll 1 /?, diana. 4.4 mm. ; whorls 12%.

Length 13 l / 2 , diam. 4.5 mm.; whorls 15 (Pfr. type).

Length 10, diam. 3.8 mm. ; whorls 12*4.

Length 9.7, diam. 4 mm. ; whorls ll 1 /^.

Pueblo, (Pfr.) : Matamoras Izucar, in the State of Puebla,
on cactus (Boucard).

Cylindrella tryoni PFR., Journ de Conchyl., xv, 1867, p.
438 ; Novit. Conch., p. 433, pi. 97, f . 5-7 ; Monogr., vi, p. 390 ;
viii, 447. Holospira tryoni Pfr., C. & F., Journ de Conch.,
1870, pp. 14, 24, pi. 5, f. 5 (jaw) ; Miss. Scient. Mex., Moll.,
i, p. 331, pi. 17, f. 6; with var. appressa. v. MARTENS, Bio-
logia, p. 276. B ostrich ocentrum tryoni Pfr., STREBEL, Bei-
trag, iv, p. 81, pi. 5, f . 3 ; pi. 14, f. 13, 16 A, B. tHolospira
gealei H. Ad., FISCH. & CROSSE, Miss. Scient., Moll., i, p. 333,
pi. 17, f. 7. CROSSE, J. de C., xl, 1892, p. 271, pi. 5, f. 2.-
H. tryoni CROSSE, Journ. de Conch., xl, 1892, p. 267, pi. 5,
f. 5, 5 a.

A very compactly coiled shell, with narrow whorls. It
varies from a quite cylindrical contour to one in which the
shell is slightly wider above than below. The supposed
variety appressa is merely an individual variation, the peri-
stome being adnate above, as in my fig. 56. The series be-

HOLOSPIRA. 85

fore me confirms the wide variation in shape recorded by
Strebel. Figs. 52, 53 are copied from Pfeiffer's original
illustration ; figs. 54, 55 are those of Strebel, double natural
size; while figs. 56-58 are from specimens in the museum of
the Academy. I have found the internal structure the same
in the shortest and longest specimens. Named for George
W. Tryon, Jr.

Var. gealei (H. Adams). PI. 15, fig. 3.

Shell minutely perforate, cylindrical, solid, obliquely stri-
ate, whitish; spire oblong, the apex conic, a little acute,
yellow. Whorls 12-13, rather flattened, subangular above,
the last a little ascending, shortly free in front. Aperture
angulate-circular ; peristome continuous, expanded and a
little reflexed throughout. Length 15, diam. 5V 2 mm.
(H. Ad.).

Putla, State of Oaxaca, Mexico (H. Ad.).

Cylindrella (Holospira) gealei H. AD., P. Z. S., 1872, p. 13,
pi. 3, f. 19. PFR., Monogr., viii, p. 447.

Published data afford no differences from H. tryoni of the
neighboring State of Puebla, except that gealei is slightly
larger, and has fewer whorls than the largest tryoni. The
internal structure is unknown. Under the circumstances it
seems best to follow von Martens' precedent and place
H. gealei as a variety under H. tryoni.

10. H. VERACRUZIANA Dall.

"Shell closely resembling the enlarged figure of H. micro-
stoma Pfeiffer, but with a short apical cone and larger aper-
ture. According to the description of H. microstoma, the
present species differs by having 17 whorls in a total length
of 17.5 mm. against 18 whorls in a length of 15.5 mm. for
H. microstoma, both having a maximum diameter of 5 mm.
The last whorl in the present species is rounded below, that
of H. microstoma angulated; in H. veracruziana the aper-
ture is expanded, with the outer posterior part hardly angu-
lar where the outer lip meets the parietal portion; the
diameter of the aperture is 3.5 mm. (against 2.6 in H. micro-

86

HOLOSPIRA.

stoma), and the parietal portion is very little extended
beyond the periphery of the preceding whorl; the whorls of
the nucleus (l 1 /^) ar e smooth and polished, those of the
apical cone finely ribbed, those of the rest of the spire striate,
with a few coarse riblets just behind the peristome" (Doll}.

E. Mexico: Mizantla, province of Vera Cruz (three speci-
mens presented to the National Museum by the Mexican
Geographical Commission) .

Holospira (Bostrickocentruvn) veracruziana DALL, Proc.
U. S. Nat. Mus., xviii, p. 4 (1895) ; xix, p. 350 (1897).

This species has a strong, short fold at the base of the axis
in the penultimate whorl, but no traces of any other laminae.
It is possible that the type of H. microstoma of Pfeiffer may
have the aperture abnormal and be identical with this spe-
cies, but in the uncertainty I have preferred to name the
latter (Dall).

11. H. PILSBRYI Ball. PI. 16, figs. 6, 7, 8, 9; pi. 23, fig. 76.

"Shell small, bluish or pinkish-white; the nucleus darker,
2-whorled, smooth, not much projected, followed by 6 ob-
liquely striate, gradually increasing whorls which form a
bee-hive-shaped dome to the spire, after which follow 6 nearly
equal almost smooth whorls forming a nearly cylindrical
spire; the last whorl slightly smaller, the base and neck near
the aperture somewhat irregularly transversely wrinkled;
suture distinct, here and there edged by wrinkles transverse
to the whorl, but more or less obsolete, except near the suture ;
umbilical chink shallow, aperture a little oblique, subcir-
cular, with a faint angulation near the upper outer corner;
lip expanded, but hardly reflected; the peristome, viewed in
its own plane, does not project beyond the lines representing
the sides of the cylindrical part of the spire, but as the last
whorl is smaller than those preceding it, the peristome pro-
jects slightly from it; throat of the aperture whitish without
ridges; axis straight, slender, axial wall smooth. Length of
large specimen 13, diameter 4 mm., with 14 whorls; length
of short specimen 10.25, diameter 3.75 rnm., with 12 whorls"
(Dall).

HOLOSPIRA. 87

Mexico : Puebla, State of Puebla, abundant around sulphur
springs (Mex. Geogr. Comm.) ; types no. 56932, U. S. N. M.
Arizona or New Mexico (Dr. E. Palmer).

Holospira (Metastoma) pilsbryi BALL., Proc. U. S. Nat.
Mus., xviii, p. 4 (1895); xix, p. 349 (1897). 1H. pilocerei
var. B, CROSSE & FISCHER, Miss. Scient. Mex., Moll., i, p. 329,
pi. 17, f. 5. CROSSE, Journ. de Conch., xl, 1892, p. 266, pi. 5,
f. 4, 4 a.

The whorls are less narrow and crowded than in H. tryoni.
The internal pillar (pi. 23, fig. 76) is small, about 0.3 mm.
diameter, and of about equal calibre throughout the cylindric
portion of the shell. Within the latter part of penultimate
and first part of the last whorl it has a distinct spiral swell-
ing and twist in the middle ; the pillar in the next earlier two
whorls is either without perceptible twist, or visibly swollen
near the base; but in still earlier whorls there is a narrow
and distinct, though low, spiral ridge, as shown in the figure,
which was drawn from one of the type lot, from near the City
of Puebla, received from Prof. Ball. It is thus referable to
the section Bostrichocentrum, though hardly typically devel-
oped for that group.

According to Ball, "a single specimen was found among
loose shells brought home by Br. Palmer after a trip through
Arizona and New Mexico, but no particular locality could be
assigned to it" (Doll}. Numerous specimens in the collec-
tion of the Academy show but little variation.

Section Haplostemma Ball, 1895.

BALL, Nautilus, ix, p. 50 (Sept., 1895) ; Proc. U. S., Nat.
Mus., xviii, p. 2; xix, p. 346.

"Axis moderate, with a short, stout, axial lamella extend-
ing about half a gyration in the penultimate whorl, but
elsewhere simple and smooth. Type H. mearnsii Ball."
(haploos, simple; stemma, wreath.)

This group is very close to Bostrichocentrum, probably not
really separable.

12. H. MEARNSII Ball. PI. 16, figs. 12, 13.

Shell small, compact, with 14 whorls, of which 2 are nu-

88 HOLOSPIRA.

clear, polished, and smooth; blunt above, gradually increas-
ing to the ninth whorl and subsequently slightly attenuated;
sculpture and aperture much as in H. crossei, the base
slightly appressed and the ribs closer and more prominent
than on the previous whorls; umbilicus not conspicuous;
aperture projecting somewhat beyond the preceding whorl,
the peristome hardly reflected, subtri angular, little thick-
ened, without folds; axis small, subcylindric, with a strong,
short lamella near the base in the penultimate whorl.
Length of shell 14.5, maximum diameter 4.5 mm. (Dull}.

New Mexico : top of Hachita Grande Mountain, Grant
county (Dr. Meariis) ; found with H. crossei, but less com-
mon; no. 129991, U. S. N. M.

Holospira (Haplostemma) mearnsii DALL., Proc. U. S. Nat.
Mus., xviii, p. 4 (1895) ; xix, p. 350, pi. 31, f. 1 (1897).

This species resembles H. crossei in general appearance,
but is larger, with more projecting aperture, and frequently
has an intercalary raised line dividing the interspaces of the
ribs axially. The specimens are of a whitish color (Dall).

13. H. HAMILTONI Dall. PI. 23, figs. 72, 73.

Shell slender, polished, spindle-shaped, pinkish-white, with
a darker livid apex, and about 13 whorls; nucleus blunt,
smooth, later three whorls delicately obliquely striated, cen-
tral whorls smooth, last whorl with delicate oblique riblets
with wider interspaces; aperture projected, rounded, sub-
angular at the right posterior corner, the lip entire, reflected,
the pillar rather wide; the last whorl flattened and attenu-
ated. Length 19, max. diam. 5 mm. (Dall).

Texas : Rio Grande Mts., Brewster Co., at a height of 3,500
feet, living on Sclaginclla Icpidophylla Spring (James M.
Hamilton) ; U. S. Nat. Mus., no. 107759.

Holospira (Haplostcmma) hamiltoni DALL, Nautilus, xi,
p. 38 (August, 1897) ; Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., xxiv, p. 501,
pi. 28, f. 2, 11 (1902).

"This species is very much like H. (Metastoma) semistriata
[semisculpta] Stearns, externally, differing in its smaller and
more slender shell and finer and more delicate sculpture of
the later whorls near the aperture."

HOLOSPIRA. 89

Subgenus HAPLOCION Pilsbry, 1902.

Internal axis smooth, the interior of the whorls without
plaits or lamella ; latter part of the last whorl straightened,
not sinuous; the aperture not obstructed by folds or promi-
nences of any kind. Type H. pasonis Dall. (haploos, sim-
ple; kion, pillar.)

This subgenus is closely related to Bostriclio centrum and
Haplostemma, differing in the simplicity of the pillar within.
Metastoma is distinct by peculiar modification of the last
whorl. There are three groups of species.

I. Internal axis large, one-third the diam. of the shell;
shell smooth, brown, composed of many (16 1 / 4-19)
closely coiled whorls. H. fusca, no. 20.

II. Internal axis smaller, one-sixth to one-fourth the diam.
of shell; shell small (length 9-14 mm. in known species),
brownish, compactly coiled, the whorls short, 11 to 13
in number, sculptured with ribs or riblets.

1. Internal axis swollen above, tapering below, about
one- fourth the diam. of shell; nepionic whorls
strongly angular, the rest coarsely ribbed; length
11-14 mm. H. minima, no. 19.

2. Internal axis smaller and of about uniform calibre ;
nepionic whorls not angular.

a. Whorls of the cone flattened, and usually
angular at the lower edge, finely and closely
ribbed; length 9-11.3 mm.

H. remondi, no. 18.

fe. Whorls of the cone convex, more strongly and
distantly ribbed; length 11, diam. 3.7 mm.

H. crossei, no. 17.

III. Internal axis very slender below, slightly wider above;
shell rather large (length 22-29 mm. in known species),
white, the individual whorls high, Iiy 2 -15 in number,
the last one or two more coarsely ribbed than the inter-
mediate whorls.

1. Whorls 14-15; length 22-23%, diam. 5y 2 -6 mm.

H. semisculpta, no. 15.

2. Whorls 12 ; length 29, diam. 7 mm.

H. coahuilensis, no. 16.

90

HOLOSPIRA.

3. Whorls Hi/2 ; length 22i/ 2 , diam. 6y 2 mm.

H. pasonis, no. 14.

H. cretacea Pfr. (sp. no. 27), may belong near the last
three species.

(Group of H. pasonis.)
14. H. PASONIS Ball. PI. 16, figs. 14, 15 ; pi. 23, fig. 74.

Shell white, mostly smooth but hardly glossy, of eleven and
a half whorls; two and a half smooth, inflated, nepionic
whorls, the apex flattish, followed by several whorls which are
minutely ribbed in harmony with the incremental lines, the
ribbing gradually becoming obsolete over most of the shell,
but reappearing on the last whorl, especially the basal part,
sharper and somewhat crowded just behind the reflected lip ;
umbilicus closed or reduced to a minute chink; suture dis-
tinct, sutural edge continuing as a keel to the reflected mar-
gin of the aperture; aperture very short necked, almost cir-
cular, broadly reflected; the pillar, as usual in the genus,
tubular above the last whorl, the axis externally simple but
somewhat flexuous. Length 22.5, max. diam. 6.5 mm. (Dall).

Texas: Mule canon, El Paso county, at an elevation of
4,000 feet.

Holospira pasonis DALL, The Nautilus, viii, p. 112 (Feb.,
1895) ; Ilolospira (Metastoma) pasonis DALL, Proc. U. S.
Nat. Mus., xix, p. 348, pi. 31, f. 4, 5.

"This species is nearest to H. coahuilensis W. G. Binney,
which has one or two more whorls, the last two proportion-
ately more attenuated with more extended, sharper and more
distant sculpture, and obtusely keeled or compressed base
resulting in a much more triangular and narrower aperture.
It is riot particularly close to any of the other species hitherto
described, the H. semistriata [error for semisculpta] Stearns
being quite distinct. A marked character is the evenly
rounded basal part of the whorl just behind the lip." (Dall).

The latter half of the last whorl has more numerous and
closer riblets in the specimens before me (part of the type
lot) than shown in fig. 15, a copy of Dall's figure of the type.
The internal pillar is small, about 1 mm. in diam. above,

HOLOSPIRA. 91

tapering to about 0.7 mm. within the penultimate whorl.
The cylindrical portion of the shell passes very gradually
into the slowly tapering cone (pi. 23, fig. 74).

15. H. SEMISCULPTA Stearns. PI. 16, figs. 3, 4.

Shell dextral, elongately cylindrical, pupiform, largest in
the middle, tapering above and below, with fourteen to fifteen
whorls; whorls somewhat convex; sutures distinct, though
but slightly impressed. The upper two or two and a half
whorls which form the apex are smooth, slightly tortuous,
papillose. The succeeding four to five whorls are finely ob-
liquely plicated; the middle whorls, four to five in number,
are nearly or quite smooth, the sculpture when apparent being
inconspicuous. The lower three or three and a half whorls
are marked by sharp, thin, and rather obliquely curved
lirae, which increase in number or closeness as the mouth is
approached. The termination of the basal whorl projects
considerably, is sharply angulated above on the projecting
portion, which is also obtusely angulated on the under side.
Aperture continuous, moderately effuse, roundly ovate, and
flatly rimmed. Umbilicus a simple chink. Shell of a deli-
cate pinkish-white, with a tint of faint purple on some of the
upper whorls. Length 22-23y 2 , diam. 5y 2 -6 mm. (Stearns.)

State of Chihuahua, Mexico, in a canon above San Carlos,
on limestone cliffs (T. W. Stanton) ; three specimens, no.
102310, U. S. Nat. Mus.

Holospira semisculpta STEARNS, Proc. U. S. Nat, Mus., xiii,
1890, p. 208, pi. 15, f. 1, 4.

Closely allied to H. coahuilensis W. G. B. and H. pasonis
Ball, but smaller than either, with more whorls. Dall ascer-
tained the internal pillar to be simple and smooth.

16. II. COAHUILENSIS (W. G. Binney). PL 23, figs. 66-69.

Shell rimate, cylindrically ventricose, thin, smooth or deli-
cately striate on the upper whorls, strongly ribbed on the last
two; white; composed of 12 ventricose or flattened whorls;
apex obtuse, shining ; upper 3 whorls of about equal diameter
and smooth, the next 4 rapidly increasing in width and stri-

92

HOLOSPIRA.

ate, the next whorl the widest of all and smooth, the remain-
der very rapidly decreasing in diameter towards the attenu-
ated base; last whorl with about 10 elevated ribs, not
carinated below, and appressed against the shell so as hardly
to be rimate, until extended beyond it, and ending in a con-
tinuous peritreme expanded around the subquadrate aper-
ture. Length 29, greatest diam. 7 mm. (Binn.)

Cienga Grande, State of Coahuila, Mexico (coll. Smith-
sonian Inst.).

Cylindrella coakuilensis W. G. B., Amer. Journ. of Conch.,
i, p. 50, pi. 7, f. 4, 5 (Feb. 15, 1865). PFR., Monogr., viii, p.
445. Gongylostoma coahuilensis Binn., TRYON, Amer. Journ.
of Conch., iii, p. 312, pi. 15, f . 29. Holospira c., FISCH. &
CROSSE, Miss. Scient. Mex., Moll., i, p. 334. CROSSE, Journ.
de Conchyl., xl, 1892, p. 274, pi. 5, f. 1, 1 a. Metastoma c.,
BALL., Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., xix, p. 351.

Crosse has figured a specimen somewhat broken measuring,
length 25, diam. 6 mm. (figs. 68, 69). Figures 66, 67 are
copied from Binney's original illustration.

(Group of H. remondii).

17. H. CROSSEI Dall. PL 23, figs. 64, 65, 75.

Shell small, compact, 12-whorled, of a brownish-gray color;
nuclear whorls 2, smooth, polished, apically blunt, succeeding
4 gradually and evenly increasing, after which the shell is
cylindrical; sculpture of pretty even, slightly oblique,
rounded riblets, extending from suture to suture and sepa-
rated by interspaces twice as wide as the ribs ; suture distinct ;
base rounded, with a shallow umbilical chink; aperture sim-
ple, slightly oblique, not projecting beyond the periphery of
the preceding whorl, the lip slightly expanded in front of a
faint constriction, the opening subcircular without internal
ridges, the outer anterior part obtusely angular; axis small,
regularly increasing to the last whorl, not inflated. Length
of shell 11, maximum diameter 4 mm. (Dall.)

New Mexico : Top of Hachita Grande Mountain, Grant
county (Dr. Mearns) ; no. 129989, U. S. N. M.

Holospira (Metastoma} crossei DALL, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus.,
xviii, p. 3 (1895) ; xix, p. 348, pi. 31, f. 2 (1897).

HOLOSPIRA. 93

This species resembles H. goldfussi Menke, but is slightly
smaller, with a shorter neck to the aperture and a less reflected
and triangular peristome. It is entirely destitute of the
remarkable internal lamellae which characterize H. goldfussi.
It is named in honor of M. H. Crosse, who has monographed
the ge^us. (Doll.}

In the single specimen I have seen (pi. 23, fig. 75) the rib-
lets are subobsolete on the cylindrical portion of the shell.
The column is of about equal diameter throughout the cylin-
drical portion. H. crossei is most nearly related to H. re-
mondii, but differs in the coarser external sculpture, some-
what more slender contour, and the convex, not flattened,
whorls of the terminal cone.

18. H. REMONDII (Gabb). PI. 23, figs. 61-63, 70; pi. 24,

figs 1-4.

Shell perforate and rimate, cylindric, conic above, thin,
pale brown. Whorls 111/2-121/2, the first 2 smooth, convex,
the first whorl wider and more bulging than the second; fol-
lowing 4 whorls (pi. 24, fig. 4) gradually widening, the cone
flattened, angular, and projecting more or less above the
suture, sharply and finely ribbed obliquely, the riblets much
narrower than the intervals. Succeeding whorls are convex
and obliquely ribbed, but in many specimens the riblets be-
come subobsolete on the last 2 or 3 whorls. The last whorl is
a little narrower, scarcely projects beyond the level of the
ventral outline, and is rounded below, but with the base de-
fined by an obtuse angle, and usually perforated by a distinct
though small, rounded umbilicus. Aperture circular exter-
nally, somewhat ovate inside, the peristome expanded through-
out. Internal column (pi. 23, fig. 70) small, smooth, a trifle
larger above, and with a weak spiral swelling in the penulti-
mate whorl.

Length 11.3, diam. 3.7 mm. ; whorls 12i/ 2 -
Length 9, diam 3.2 mm. ; whorls ll 1 /^.

State of Sonora, Mexico: 1M> leagues from Arivechi,
Sahuaripa Valley (A. Remond).

rcnwurlii TUBE, Amer. Journ. of Conch., i, p.

94 HOLOSPIRA.

208, pi. 19, f. 10-13 (July, 1865). PPB., Monogr., vi, p. 389;
viii, p. 446. Holospira rcmondii Gabb, TRYON, A. J. C., iii,
p. 313, pi. 15, f. 32. FISCHER & CROSSE, Miss. Sclent. Mex.,
Moll., i, p. 325, pi. 17, f. 2; Journ. de Conchyl., xviii, 1870,
p. 24. CROSSE, Journ. de Conchyl., xl, 1892, p. 262, pi. 5,
f. 8, 8 a.

This species varies a good deal in size, and in the degree to
which the striation extends upon the lower whorls, but other-
wise is rather constant. The whorls of the cone project above
the sutures more or less in all the 8 specimens of the type lot,
but only slightly in some. The riblets are narrow and sim-
ple, and the enlarged first whorl is rounded and bulging, not
angular as in H. minima. It differs from H. crossei in the
flattening of the post-nepionic whorls of the cone and the
perforate base. H. arizonensis is slightly larger, with
smoother median whorls and less perfectly circular peri-
stome, and it differs in internal structure.

19. H. MINIMA (v. Martens). PL 23, fig. 59; pi. 24, figs. 5-9.

Shell rimate and perforate, cylindric, tapering in a rather
long cone above, thin, pale fleshy-brownish with lighter ribs,
the apex often darker. Whorls 11 to 12y 2 , the first 2 smooth,
strongly angular at the shoulder above, the upper and lateral
surfaces flattened (pi. 24, fig. 8) ; following whorls of the
cone strongly convex, angular in the middle, sculptured with
stout rounded ribs, which when worn are seen to be hollow.
Succeeding whorls are convex, sculptured with strong, regu-
lar ribs as wide as their intervals, and also hollow, in places
broken and showing the two lateral lamina? only. On the
last two or three whorls the ribs are somewhat smaller, and
on the last one they split or suddenly diminish on the base,
except upon the rounded part of the whorl behind the aper-
ture. Aperture subcircular, its plane not produced beyond
the general outline of the ventral side of the shell; peristome
white, expanded and reflected, continuous and free. Inter-
nal column smooth, widest above, gradually tapering down-
wards, a little exceeding 1 mm. in greatest calibre.

Length 13-14, diam. 4.2 mm. ; whorls 12!/2-

Length 13.5, diam. 4 mm.

HOLOSPIRA. 95

Length 11.7, diam. 4 mm.; whorls

State of Sonora, N.-W. Mexico : Cerro de la Campana, near
Hermosillo (A. Remond).

C [ylindrella] pfeifferi GABB, Amer. Journ. of Conch., i,
p. 208. Holospira pfeifferi CROSSE & FISCHER, Journ. de
Conchyl., xviii, 1870, p. 13, pi. 5, f. 6-10 (jaw and teeth) ;
H. p. var b, C. &. F., Miss. Scient. Mex., Moll., i, p. 324, pi. 17,
f. 1. CROSSE, J. de Conch., xl, 1892, p. 261, pi. 5, f. 7, 7 a.-
H. p. var. minor v. MARTENS, Biologia Centrali Americana,
Moll., p. 280, and var. minima, p. 280, pi. 16, f. 18. H.
minima v. Mart., PILSBRY, Nautilus, xiv, p. 118.

This species is readily recognized by the angular upper
whorls and the very coarse though closely standing ribs,
which when broken down are seen to be hollow. I am quite
unable to see anything further than the usual individual
variation between the varieties minor and minima, recognized
by von Martens. In the specimens before me there are 32 to
34 ribs' on the penultimate whorl. The original descriptions
of minima follow, and the original figure is copied on pi. 23,
fig. 60.

" Subconic-turreted, densely, delicately lamellose-costate,
flesh-colored, the ribs white; aperture rounded; base perfo-
rated; whorls 11, convex; length Iiy 2 , greatest diam. 4, diam.
of penult, whorl 3y 2 ; length of aperture 2y 2 , width 2y 2 mm.

"Length liy> mm. only, 4 in the largest diameter; aper-
ture 2y 2 mm.; whorls 11, distinctly convex; color reddish-
yellow, the costas white. Mexico, without nearer indication
of locality (coll. Patel)."

Var. percostata Pils. PL 24, fig. 7. Whorls ll-liy> ; ribs
more widely spaced, 23 to 26 on the penultimate whorl;
length 11.6 to 12.4, diam. 4 mm. N.-W. Mexico.

(Group of H. fusca}.

20. H. FUSCA v. Martens. PI. 25, figs. 8-14.

Shell rather widely umbilicated, fusiform-cylindrical,
close-whorled, thin, very lightly obliquely striatulate, lilac-
brown. Whorls 19, the first 2 subglobose, smooth, pale cor-
neous (rarely blackish), following 7 whorls somewhat rapidly

96

HOLOSP1RA.

increasing, forming a high cone, the later whorls slightly
decreasing, a little convex, the suture moderately impressed;
last whorl with swollen rounded base, somewhat ascending in
front, very shortly produced forward. Aperture vertical,
subcircular; peristome a little thickened throughout, nar-
rowly expanded, white, the upper margin transverse, outer
angle distinct, the margins elsewhere arcuate, (v. Mart.)

Length 16, diam. penult, whorl 4, greatest diarn. 5, length
aperture 3y 2 mm.

Length 141/2, diam. penult, whorl 3, greatest diam. 3%,
length aperture 2,y 2 mm.

Length 12, diam. penult, whorl 3, greatest diam. 3y 2 , length
aperture 2y 2 .

S.-W. Mexico: Omilteme, State of Guerrero (H. H. Smith).

Holospira fusca v. MART., Biologia Centrali Americana,
Moll., p. 281, pi. 16, f. 19-24 (December, 1897). Holospira
umbilicata v. Mart., SOWERBY & FULTON on label.

Chiefly remarkable for the brown color and comparatively
large internal column, which is at least usually open below.
This column is pale brown with the usual whitish lines in
its substance, and within several of the later whorls it is per-
ceptibly swollen just below the middle, as in Ccelocentrum.
In a shell with 16 1 /., whorls, measuring, length 12, diam. 3.4
mm., the column is 1.3 mm. wide, being over one-third the
diameter of the shell. The first and second whorls are wider
than the third.

Only large specimens have as many as 19 whorls, those of
12 to 13 mm. length having only 16i/ 2 to 17. The shells be-
fore me (figs. 8, 9, 10, part of the original lot) are brown,
and in a slight degree translucent, the internal axis showing
faintly through in one specimen. Figs. 11-14 are from von
Martens' original illustrations.

Subgenus METASTOMA Strebel, 1880.

STRKBEL, Beitrag, etc., iv, p. 80, for M. roemeri Pfr.

Internal column smooth and cylindrical, of moderate size;
\\-i11ioii1 internal lamella'. Last whorl sinuous, its latter por-
tion turning sinistral. Aperture longitudinally oval, ob-

HOLOSPIRA, SUBG. METASTOMA. 97

structed by a strong fold within the right margin, and a
callous ridge upon the columella. Type H. roemeri Pfr.
(meta, after or among, but here used in the sense of
"changed;" stoma, mouth).

21. H. ROEMERI (Pfeiffer). PL 25, figs. 1-7.

Shell riniate or perforate, cylindric, often a little wider
above than below, terminating in a rather short cone above;
rather thin, pale brown. Surface somewhat glossy, smooth
except for light growth-lines, but finely and rather sharply
striated on the terminal cone. Whorls 121/j to 14, but slightly
convex, the last tapering, strongly carinate beneath, its latter
portion sinuous, becoming sinistral, shortly free in front;
base excavated, concave. Aperture oblique, oblong, the long-
est axis parallel to that of the shell, contracted by a callous
barrier deep in the throat on the columellar side, and a prom-
inent, angular fold within the right lip. Peristome contin-
uous, free, slightly reflected. Internal column smooth, mod-
erately large, its diameter about one-fourth that of the shell,
of nearly equal calibre throughout.

Length 15.7, diam. 4.5 mm.; whorls 13%. Near El Paso.

Length 14, diam. 4.4 mrn. ; whorls 13y 2 . Near El Paso.

Length 13-14, diam. 4.5 mm.; whorls 14. New Braunfels
(Pfr.)

Length 12, diam. 3.8 mm.; whorls 121/2- New Braunfels.

Length 12, diam. 4.2 mm.; whorls 11. Sacramento Mts.

Length 13, diam. 4 mm. ; whorls 12. Sacramento Mts.

Length 14.8, diam. 4 mm.; whorls 123^. Sacramento Mts.

Texas: New Braunfels, Comal Co. (Eoemer, Singley et al.) ;
Howard's Spring, Crockett Co. (Binney) ; Devil's River
region and Painted Cave, near the mouth of the Pecos River,
Val Yerde Co. (W. Lloyd) ; Franklin Mt., near El Paso
(J. H. Ferriss). Also southern New Mexico, in Alamo
Canon, near Alamogorda, Otero Co., in the foot-hills of the
Sacramento Mts. (Rehn and Viereck).

Cylindrella roemeri PFR., Mon. Hel. Viv., ii, p. 382 (1848) ;
iii, 579; iv, 710; vi, 389; Conchyl. Cab., p. 62, pi. 7, f. 4-6
(bad); Roemer's Texas, p. 456 (1849). BINNEY, L. and

98 HOLOSP1RA, SUBG. COELOSTEMMA.

Fresh-water Shells of N. A., i, p. 24, f. 18; Terr. Moll., iv,
p. 150. Holospira roemeri Pfr., TRYON, Amer. Journ. of
Conch., iii, p. 312. BINNEY, Terr. Moll., v, p. 177, f . 85 ; Man.
Amer. Land Shells, p. 422, f. 467. R. E. C. STEARNS, Proc.
U. S. Nat. Mus., xiv, 1891, p. 100. Metastoma roemeri Pfr.,
STREBEL, Beitrag, iv, p. 80 (1880).

In this peculiar species the last whorl turns directly for-
ward at its termination, becoming in effect sinistral ; there is
a strong fold within the right lip, and an excavation in its
place on the exterior of the whorl. The columella is notice-
ably calloused. It was originally found at New Braunfels, a
place evidently at the eastern limit of its range, as the hill
country gives place there to a lower and more level region of
mesquite chaparral, supporting a different and poorer fauna.
Thence it extends to the western extreme of the State near
El Paso (figs. 2-5), and northward to the lower lying canons
of the Sacramento Mts. in New Mexico (figs. 1, 6, 7). The
largest specimens I have seen are from near El Paso. Stearns
states that those from Val Verde Co. have 13 to 16 whorls.
Shells from the Sacramento Mts. are mainly shorter and
broad, though long specimens also occur. Many of the short
shells are umbilicate, but others are imperforate. New
Braunfels specimens also vary in size. The lower edges of
the whorls of the cone sometimes project angularly, as in
some individuals of many other species. This is probably
due to progressively more unfavorable conditions of nutrition
during the period of rapid growth.

Subgenus COELOSTEMMA Ball, 1895.

BALL, Nautilus, ix, p. 50 (September, 1895) ; Proc. U. S.
Nat. Mus., xix, p. 347.

Shell many-whorled (17-21 whorls in known species), with
short terminal cone, the internal column vertically ribbed (as
in Ccclocentrum), and of moderate or large diameter. Type
//. elizabethce Pils. (koilos, hollow; slcmma, wreath).

The known species are Mexican. The group is remarkable
for its homoplastic relation to Ccclocentrum, some species
having the inlrrnnl pillar gnmulose from interruption or

HOLOSPIRA, SUBG. COELOSTEMMA. 99

entire breaking up of the vertical riblets, as in some forms of
the genus mentioned. Only three species are known.

H. elizabetli<z: Shell cylindric or club-shaped, white or
whitish, widest above, the internal column of the same shape,
and nearly half the diameter of the shell.

H. dalli: Shell barrel-shaped, dotted or flecked, widest below
the middle, the internal column similarly shaped, half the
diameter of the shell.

H. strebeliana: Shell cylindric, very blunt at the ends,
dotted, the internal column cylindric and one-third the diam-
eter of the shell.

H. microstoma (species no. 25) and H. imlrricata (sp. no.
26) may belong to this sub genus, but their internal charac-
ters are undescribed.

22. H. ELIZABETHAE Pilsbry. PI. 15, figs. 6-15 ; pi. 26, fig. 27.

Shell rimate (rarely perforate), cylindrical or club-shaped;
usually being wider and sometimes swollen above, terminating
in a short cone; white or fleshy- white, the apical whorls gen-
erally blackish; moderately solid. Whorls varying from 17
in short to 21 in long individuals, closely coiled and but
slightly convex, the sutures slightly impressed, but sometimes
emphasized by the slight angular projection of some whorls
over those following. Earliest 2 whorls smooth (the first
larger), following 5 or 6 whorls of the cone closely and finely
striate; subsequent whorls nearly smooth except the last,
which has distinct riblets much narrower than their intervals.
Last whorl rounded below, flattened above, somewhat pro-
duced forward. Aperture rounded, the upper margin
straightened, peristome expanded, thin. Interior pale ochre
tinted. Internal column large, wider above; white, slightly
contracted and smooth at the base within each whorl, else-
where irregularly ribbed, the ribs narrow, oblique and acute,
wanting within the whorls of the terminal cone.

Length 21.6, greatest diam. (above) 6, diam. of penult,
whorl 5 mm.; whorls 21.

Length 17, greatest diam. (above) 6, diam. of penult, whorl
5 mm. ; whorls 17V>.

100 HOLOSPIRA, SUBG. COELOSTEMMA.

Length 19, greatest diara. (above) 5.6, diam. of penult,
whorl 5 mm. ; whorls l9 l / 2 .

Length 18.6, greatest diam. (above) 5.3, diam. of penult,
whorl 5 mm. ; whorls 20y 2 -

Length 15.4, greatest diam. (above) 5.7, diam. of penult,
whorl 4.8 mm. ; whorls 17!/o.

Length 15, greatest diam. (above) 5.3, diam. of penult,
whorl 5.3 mm. ; whorls 17.

State of Guerrero, Mexico : Amula, between Chalapa and
Tixtla (H. H. Smith).

Holospira elizabetha PILS., Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila.,
1889, p. 81, pi. 3, f. 1-5. CROSSE, Journ. de Conchyl., 1892,
p. 272, pi. 5, f. 6, 6 a. v. MARTENS, Biologia, Moll., p. 635.-
Holospira claviformis v. MARTENS, Biologia Moll., p. 277, pi.
16, f. 10-16 (December, 1897).

This species varies from a nearly cylindrical to a club-like
shape, and from short to lengthened. Occasionally the upper
part is swollen and bulbous, as in fig. 7 (above fig. 8). The
shape of the internal column varies with that of the shell, but
it seems always to be at least a little wider above. Thus in
two specimens the measurements of shell and axis are as
follows :

Length 17 1 /?, diam. above, shell 6.3, axis 3.1 ; diam. in
penult, whorl, shell 5.5, axis 1.8 mm.

Length 18, diam. above, shell 5.2, axis 2.5 ; diam. in penult,
whorl, shell 5, axis 1.8 mm.

The terminal cone is short and well defined from the cylin-
drical portion. One of the original specimens has built out
a second peristome on the face of the last whorl, at a right
angle to the normal one, in consequence of a hole accidentally
broken there.

H. elizabetktz and H. claviformis were described from spec-
imens out of the same lot. Mr. Smith showed me a half pint
or more of them, on his return from Mexico in 1888.

23. H. DALIJ Pilsbry, n. sp. PL 26, figs. 28, 29, 30, 31.

Shell narrowly umbilicate, barrel-shaped, widest below the
middle, slowly tapering both downwards and upwards, then

HOLOSPIRA, SUBG. COELOSTEMMA. 101

rapidly contracting above in a short terminal cone; white
with a pink or flesh tint, rather profusely dotted and sparsely
streaked, and with the apical whorls also fleshy. Whorls
19y 2 , the first 2 smooth, corneous-brown, the initial whorl
being wider and projecting nipple-like ; succeeding whorls up
to about the 9th rapidly widening the cone, but extremely
short and slowly increasing in width ; then the shape becomes
subcylindric, the girth slowly widening as far as the 3d and
4th whorls from the last, which are widest. The last whori
is distinctly narrower and tapering, its latter half rounded
below, flattened above, and angular at the junction of outer
and upper surfaces; produced forward. Sculpture of very
fine, close striae on a few whorls succeeding the smooth apical
two, the rest of the shell nearly smooth except the latter half
of the last whorl, which is sharply, irregularly striate. Aper-
ture rounded, with an angle at the junction of upper and
outer margins; peristorne expanded, somewhat thickened.
Interior slightly ochre-tinted. Column very wide, of the
shape of the shell, widest within the 3d and 4th whorls from
the last ; sculptured with narrow 7 , spaced riblets, often crenu-
late or interrupted, and closely-strewn granules; the sculp-
ture obsolete on the upper third of the column and within the
last whorl.

Length 15, greatest diam. of shell 6, of internal column
3 mm.

Sierra Guadalupe, Mexico, at 6,500 ft. elevation (Dr E. W.
Nelson) .

An extraordinary species, with the internal column wider
than in any other known form of the genus, and copiously
granulose as well as ribbed a modification parallel to what
occurs in some forms of Ccelocentrum. While not always as
wide as the figured specimen, it apparently never becomes
cylindrical and slender like the following species.

24. H. STREBELIANA Pilsbry, n. sp. PI. 26, figs. 24, 25, 26, 28.

Shell perforate and rimate, long and cylindrical, terminat-
ing above in an extremely short cone with mammillate apex;
blue-white or lilac-white, copiously dotted and with a few

102 HOLOSPIRA.

oblique streaks of fleshy-brown, several earlier whorls of the
same color. Whorls IQi/o to 211/4, hardly convex, the first
two smooth, following whorls of the cone densely and finely
striate, the cylindrical portion smooth except for indistinct,
subobsolete, coarser wrinkles; last whorl either smooth or
regularly ribbed, its latter half with crowded and rather
sharp striation ; it tapers downwards, and is well rounded
beneath, flat above, and considerably built forward. The
aperture is rounded-piriform, angular at the upper outer
part; peristome white, expanded and subreflexed, straight-
ened above. Interior ochre-brown; the column is also tinted,
small for a Coelostemma, and of about equal width throughout
the cylindrical portion, one-third the diameter of the shell.
Its surface is glossy and sculptured with slightly oblique,
subvertical riblets, with a few granules in places, formed by
their dislocation.

Length 16, diam. 5.5 mm. ; whorls lO 1 /^.

Length 17.2, diam. 5.4 mm. ; whorls 2iy 4 .

Sierra Giiadalupe, Mexico, at 6,500 ft. elevation (Dr. E. W.
Nelson) .

This species is chiefly remarkable for its long, cylindrical,
many-whorled shell, very blunt at the ends. While related
to //. dalli by its coloration and short apical cone, it differs
conspicuously in the slender internal column, as well as by
its pillar-like shape. The specimens occurred with H. dalli
and H. nelsoni.

SPECIES OP UNKNOWN SYSTEMATIC POSITION.

25. 11. .MICROSTOMA (Pfeift'er). PI. 15, figs. 4, 5.

Shell subperforate, cylindrical, smooth, chalky; spire di-
lated above, passing into a short and rather acute cone ; suture
impressed. Whorls 18, rather flat, equal, the upper ones
plicatulate, the last striated, free in front, carinated above,
angular at the base, the angle disappearing anteriorly near
the mouth. Aperture small, vertical, subtriangular ; peri-
stome narrowly expanded throughout. Length lo^/o, diam.
5 mm. ; oblique length of aperture 2% mm. (P/V.)

Habitat unknown- ( Turning coll.).

HOLOSPIRA. 103

Cylindrella microstoma PER., P. Z. S., 1861, p. 27; Malak.
Blatter viii, 1861, p. 81; Monogr., vi, p. 390. Holospira
microstoma Pfr., FISCH. & CROSSE, Miss. Sclent. Mex., Moll.,
i, p. 337, pi. 17, f. 9. v. MART., Biologia, p. 278.

The interior is unknown, but it probably belongs to Coelo-
stemma, differing from H. elizabethcc and strebeliana in the
angular base, and from the latter in color and the longer ter-
minal cone. The figures are from Fischer & Crosse.

26. H. IMBRICATA (v. Martens). PI. 15, figs. 1, 2.

Shell iniperforate, obovate, swollen above, then passing into
a short cone, rather solid, ribbed, gray- whitish ; the apex en-
tire, projecting. Whorls 16, flat, the first 2 smooth, following
7 rather rapidly increasing, sculptured with strong oblique
ribs, the succeeding 4 whorls more slowly decreasing in cali-
bre, some being over-lapped by the projection of the preced-
ing; penultimate and last whorls arcuately costate, the ante-
rior part of the last free, built forward, curved in, the base
hardly angular. Aperture vertical, obliquely piriform, peri-
stome wanting in the type specimen. Length 16, diam. at
10th whorl 8, at penult, whorl 5y 2 mm. ; alt. of aperture 4,
width 3 mm. (v. Mart.)

Mexico (Uhde),

Cylindrella (Holospira) imbricata MART., Monatsber.
Berl. Akad. Wissensch., Nov., 1863, p. 540; Malak. Blatter,
xii, 1865, p. 15, pi. 1, f. 2, 3. PFR., Monogr., vi, p. 390.-
Holospira imlricata Martens, FISCH. & CROSSE, Miss. Scient.
Mex., Moll., i, p. 336. v. MART., Biologia, Moll., p. 273, pi.
16, f. 25.

"This very distinct species does not appear to have been
found by any subsequent collector. It differs from all others
of the genus in the short, club-like form of the shell, the
greatest diameter being in the tenth whorl (at about one-third
of the whole length, as seen from above) , the following whorls
diminishing remarkably in diameter, and the under edge of
some of them projecting a little over the following whorl.
Fischer and Crosse 's figure of H. gcalei resembles it somewhat
in outline, but is not so strikingly swollen above, and wants
the vertical costs. " (v. Mart.)

104

HOLOSPIRA.

27. H. CRETACEA (Pfeiffer). PI. 15, figs. 16, 17.

Shell rimate, oblong-turreted, cretaceous; spire more swol-
len in the middle, the apex subtruncate or terminating in a
short cone; suture shallow. Whorls 13-14, a trifle convex,
smooth, the penultimate semiplicate, the last strongly ribbed,
base compressed-carinate, anteriorly horizontally and shortly
built forward. Aperture vertical, subtriangular ; peristome
continuous, rectangularly spreading throughout. Length
24, diam. 7, oblique length of aperture 5i/>, width 4% mm.
(Pfr.)

Mexico (Cuming coll.).

Cylindrella cretacea PFR., P. Z. S., 1860, p. 140; Malak.
Blatter, 1861, p. 81; Monogr., vi, p. 389. Holospira cretacea
Pfr., F. & C., Miss. Scient. Mex., Moll., i, p. 335, pi. 17, f. 8.
v. MART., Biologia, p. 279.

The interior is unknown. External features indicate, as
von Martens remarks, a relationship with H. coahuilensis.

28. H. TERES (Menke). PI. 15, figs. 18, 19, 20.

Shell cylindrical, with conic entire and acute apex, rimate,
somewhat solid, opaque, white (candida), shining. Whorls
14, a little convex, the upper smooth, lower densely and ob-
liquely, delicately costellate, scarcely protracted. Aperture
orbiculate ; peristome continuous, free, reflexed. Length
9.7, diam. 2.2 lines. (Menke.)

State of Pueblo*, Mexico (Liebmann).

Cylindrella teres Mke., Zeitschr. f. Malak., iv, p. 1 (1847).
-PHILIPPI, Abbild., iii, p. 5, pi. 3, f. 5, 6. PFR., Monogr., ii,
p. 381 ; Conehyl. Cab., p. 59, pi. 6, f . 28, 29.~Holospira teres
Mke., FISCH. & CROSSE, Moll. Mex., p. 327. CROSSE, Journ.
,de Conch., 1892, p. 263. v. MART., Biologia, p. 279. F. t.
var. minor MARTENS, 1. c., based upon var. B, Fischer & Crosse,
1. c., pi. 17, f . 3 ; cf. CROSSE, J. de C., 1892, p. 264, pi. 5, f . 9.-
H. t. var. hogeana v. MART., 1. c., p. 280, pi. 16, f. 17.

A white, earthy species of rather large size, Pfeiffer giving
the dimensions, length 22, diam. 5^2 mm.; aperture 4 mm.
long, 4!/2 wide. Nothing is known of its internal structure.

Form minor v. Martens. (PI. 15, figs. 21, 22.) Smaller

UROCOPTINAE. 105

than the typical form, with only 12 whorls, the 7th, 8th and
9th swollen. Length 12, diam. 4 mm. Occurs in the State
of Puebla, coll. by Liebmann. It is -probably only a small
individual, such as occur in many species.

Var. liogeana v. Martens. PI. 23, fig. 71.

f

"Aperture with a distinct angle outwardly and above, as
in H. goniostoma; size, sculpture and color as in H. teres.
Whorls 15. Length 17, greatest diam. 4i/ 3 , of penult, vvhor]
3~y 2 mm.; length of aperture 3y 2 mm. (v. Martens.}

Malt rate, on the railway between Vera Cruz and the city of
Mexico, a little west of Orizaba, eastern slope of the plateau.
(Hoge).

This variety is probably identical with the prior H. rt rn-
cruziana Dall, p. 85.

Subfamily UROCOPTINAE Pilsbry.

The Antillean genera of UrocopHdcc form a subfamily dis-
tinct from the mainland forms by (1) the specialization of the
teeth, the central row being narrow, without ectocones, the
side teeth having ectocones widely separated from the meso-
cones, and none of them developing the entocone; (2) the jaw
is very thin and delicate, high-arched, composed of many nar-
row plaits converging mesially, as in Drymaus. To what
extent the soft anatomy differs can only be determined by
further investigation; but in the single Antillean species I
have thoroughly examined there are several features widely
diverging from the Mexican genera.

An inconsiderable number of species of this subfamily have
gained a foothold on the mainland. See under Cochlodinella,
Brachypodella and Macroceramus.

In dealing with Jamaican forms I have been materially
assisted by Messrs. P. W. JARVIS and JOHN B. HENDERSON,
JR. Mr. Jarvis supplied a large series of specimens, many of
which are illustrated on the following plates, and furnished
data upon the distribution of the species which could have
been obtained from no other source, together with notes upon
the species, valuable on account of his large experience with

106 UROCOPTIS.

Jamaican snails. Mr. Henderson with the greatest gene-
rosity placed his whole collection, the results of two journeys
to Jamaica, at my disposal. Having at my hand the results
of the studies of two specialists upon the Jamaican fauna,
the following account has been made much more complete
than would otherwise have been possible.

Genus UROCOPTIS Beck, 1837.

Urocoptis BECK, Index Molluscorum, p. 83, for petiveriana
Fer. ; blainvilleana Fer. ; cylindrus Ch., Dw. and Wood ; rosata
Fer. ; glandula B., abbreviata B., coarctata B., Lister H., xxi,
17; truncatula Lam. ( da us ilia) ; gracilicollis Fer. J. E.
Gray, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1847, p. 177, Turbo cylindrus
selected as type. PILSBRY & VANATTA, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci.
Phila., 1898, pp. 267, 270, 27.Cochlodina FER,, Tableau
System, etc., pp. 24, 61 (1822?) in part. Cylindrella PFR.,
Archiv f. Naturgeschichte, 1840, p. 41, in part.

Shell lengthened, either cylindric, fusiform or oval, usually
losing the early whorls in adult life; whorls usually numer-
ous, narrow and slowly widening, compactly coiled around an
imperforate columellar axis. Jaw delicate, arched, composed
of numerous plaits. Radula with teeth in V-shaped rows,
the centrals small, side teeth all of the same general form,
gradually decreasing from the inner to the outer, having
large, gouge-shaped mesocones and large posterior cusps
(ectocones). Type U. cylindrus.

Distribution, Jamaica, Haiti and Cuba, with a single spe-
cies in southern Florida.

This genus has usually been known as Cylindrella, owing
to the use of that name by Dr. L. Pfeiffer who for thirty years
or more, in the middle of the last century, was justly held to
be the chief authority in the world on land snails. The name
Urocoptis ("cut tail," in allusion to the truncation of the
spire) was proposed several years earlier than Cylindrella,
for the same group, by IT. Beck, also a naturalist of marked
genius in taxonomic studies. The list of species cited by
Beck as components of his new group included no less than
six imdcscribcd forms, the first recognized species of the num-

UROCOPT1S. 107

ber being- cylindrus, which was selected as type of the group
by Gray in 1847. Probably all of the species cited by Beck
belong to the group of large typical forms, except the last,
graciUcollis, which is a Brachypodella. Only two of Pfeif-
fer's original list of Cyli-ndrella belong to the genus Urocoptis
as now understood, five preceding them falling in Brachy-
podella, and one following is a Clausilia. The subgenus
Cochlodina of Ferussac contained several species of Urocoptis,
together with many species of Clausilia and other genera ; but
his diagnosis agrees only with Clausilia. The standing of
Urocoptis as the generic name for the present group seems
therefore secure.

Two species, U. scccva and U. coronadoi, are sinistral. All
the rest are dextral.

Soft Anatomy of Urocoptis.

The foot (in U. brevis from Milk River, Clarendon, Ja-
maica, and U. poeyana, Miami, Florida) is very short; upper
surface irregularly grauose, without pedal grooves or a dis-
tinct margin; sole not divided longitudinally, finely wrinkled
transversely in alcoholic preparations of U. poeyann, irregu-
larly and coarsely so in U. brevis. The mantle has small
right and left neck-processes near the pneumostome.

The genitalia (pi. 27, fig. 44, U. brevis x 5). Atrium very
short. Penis (p.] very stout, without special retractor mus-
cle, the apex being attached to the right ocular muscle. There
is an ample vagina, the spermatheca (sp.) being small and
ovate, on a very long duct (d. sp.} . The uterus is long,
ample, and sacculate as usual. The ovo-testis is imbedded in
the lower lobe of the liver, and is lodged near the base of the
conic portion of the shell.

The free retractor muscles (pi. 27, fig. 44, U. brevis x 5).
The right ocular retractor (r. o.) is united for some distance
with the columellar muscle (tail and mantle retractor, c.).
The left ocular band (I. o.) and the pharyngeal retractor are
free to their common insertion with the columellar muscle, on
the axis of the shell in about the fourth whorl. The apex of
the penis is attached to the right ocular band, which thus
functions also as a penial retractor muscle.

108 UROCOPTJb.

The pharynx is short, shaped as in the Helicida?. The long,
slender salivary glands are united posteriorly. The right
gland excretes through the left duct, the left through the
right duct. The oesophagus is very slender (pi. 27, fig. 44).
The fore-gut is closely applied to the central axis, curves lat-
erally to pass into the stomach (pi. 27, fig. 45, st.), which is
white and somewhat over a whorl long. A short loop is
formed shortly beyond it (fig. 45, g2, g3), making the digestive
tract four-folded, as is the rule in Stylommatophora. The
hind-gut (fig. 45, g4) follows the suture, being peripheral in
position. The liver (fig. 45, Z) occupies the first two whorls
exclusively, and its lower lobe (removed in fig. 45) extends at
least two whorls further down, sharing the space with the
stomach and ovo-testis.

The jaw (pi. 50, fig. 8, U. dautzenbergiana) is highly
arched, thin, composed of many narrow, subvertical, slightly
imbricating plaits, which converge downward, leaving several
short plaits in the middle. The number of plaits varies from
32 in U. elliotti to 56 in U. sanguined.

The radula is long and rather narrow, varying more in
width than in length. Teeth are arranged in V-shaped trans-
verse rows, the apex of the V directed inward. The general
form of the individual teeth is shown in fig. 6 of plate 60, rep-
resenting the third left lateral tooth of Urocoptis ventricosa
seen from above, and fig. 5, the fourth lateral, in profile.
The basal plates (6) are quadrangular in general contour.
At the middle of the inner side of the plate the mesocone (w)
arises, usually bending forward as far as the posterior edge
of the basal-plate or further. In my figures the overhanging
portion of the cusp is shaded for the sake of greater distinct-
ness. At the posterior outer margin of the basal-plate the
ectocone (e) rises, also bending backward. The bases of the
two cusps are generally connected by a ridge on the face of
the basal-plate (r), but sometimes this is indistinct or want-
ing. The cusps are both long, though the ectocone stands so
erectly that in a view from above it is much foreshortened.
These structures are sufficiently shown in figures 1, 5 and 6
of plate 60.

UROCOPT1S. 109

The central row of the radula consists of teeth decidedly
narrower than the others, and having a single, simple cusp.
The side teeth are all of the same form fundamentally, as de-
scribed above, merely decreasing in size and becoming shorter
towards the lateral borders of the lingual band; some of the
outer teeth usually distorted, being inclined obliquely inward.
The cusps are very broad, blunt and rounded distally, and the
sides of the reflected portion usually overhang the peduncle
somewhat. The modification of the radula in the subgenera
Urocoptis, Cochlodinella, Idiostemma, Maceo and the several
sections subordinate to Gongylostoma, is not great. In some
forms there are many, in others few teeth in a transverse row,
and when few, the teeth diminish rapidly in size, and espe-
cially in length, giving the row an irregular appearance.
These minor modifications are shown in the figures of plates
60 and 61, and are described below. The chief peculiarities
of the radula are the wide separation of ectocone from meso-
cone, the total absence of any indication of an entocone, even
on the outer teeth, the narrowness of the central teeth and the
absence of side cusps thereon, and the obliquity of the trans-
verse rows.

Subgenus UROCOPTIS. In all the Jamaican forms the cen-
tral tooth is very narrow. Laterals numerous and similar,
the formula being 14.1.14 = 29 in U. lata manchionealensis
(pi. 60, figs. 1, 2, 3) ; fig. 1 representing a lateral tooth in pro-
file. In U. san guinea, Fischer found 12.1.12x115 teeth; in
U. ~brevis, 10.1.10 x 103. In the section Bactrocoptis, U. rosea
montana (pi. 60, fig. 4) has 13.1.13 teeth, like those of the
larger species.

In U. poeyana (pi. 61, fig. 19), belonging to the subgenus
COCHLODINELLA, the radula is very small, with 10.1.1.0 teeth,
the middle tooth comparatively wide, its cusp as large as the
ectocone of the adjacent lateral. In this respect the radula
resembles that of Gongylostoma and Autocoptis, and differs
conspicuously from that of Jamaican Urocoptis.

Subgenus AUTOCOPTIS. The teeth of U. sericea (pi. 50, figs.
9, 10) resemble those of CocModinclla and Gongylostoma in
the lengthened mesocones, comparatively large ectocones, and
wide teeth of the central row.

110 UROCOPTIS.

In the subgenus ARANGIA the radula is unknown.

Subgenus IDIOSTEMMA. In U. perlata (pi. 61, fig. 18) the
formula is 9.1.9 ; in U. lateralis (pi. 61, fig. 17), 8.1.8. In both
the central tooth is quite narrow, its cusp decidedly smaller
than the ectocones of the adjacent lateral teeth. The meso-
cones of the outer teeth are very oblique in U. perlata. The
number of teeth in a transverse row, 17 to 19, is less than in
any other group of Urocoptis except some forms of Gongylo-
stoma. In the section Maceo, U. interrupt a has 8.1.8 teeth,
like those of U. lateralis in form.

Subgenus GONGYLOSTOMA. In U. elegans, the type of the
subgenus, there are 12.1.12 teeth (pi. 60, fig. 8, U. e. aiiberi-
ana) . The central teeth are wide, as in Cochlodinella poeyana
and the other species of Gongylostoma, their cusps about as
large as those of the ectocones of the adjacent laterals. All
of the cusps are very large and broadly rounded.

In the section Pycnoptychia, Binney found 8.1.8 teeth in
U. humboldtiana, and Fischer reports 14.1.14 in U. sctzva.
If correct, this indicates that the two species are less closely
related than their conchological characters indicate.

In section Esocliara, U. fdbreana (pi. 61, figs. 13, 14) has
10.1.10 teeth. They resemble those of U. elegans in form, but
are larger than in any other Urocoptis examined. The cen-
trals are narrower than in related groups.

U. ornata, the sole species of section Sectilumen, has 8.1.8
teeth in the specimen I examined (pi. 61, fig. 16), 9.1.9 in that
figured by Binney. Except in diminishing more rapidly in
size, the teeth do not differ materially from those of U.
elegans.

In section Liocallonia, U. vincta (pi. 63, fig. 1) has 12.1.12
teeth, closely crowded and regular, with large cusps. Except
in standing closer, and diminishing in size only in the outer-
most 3 or 4, they are not unlike those of U. elegans. The
radula of Liocallonia as well as the shell is less specialized
than in Callonia.

In U. dautzeribergiana (pi. 60, fig. 9) of the section Cal-
lonia, the teeth differ from those of U. elegans in having the
cusps narrower distally, ovate as seen from above. There

UROCOPTIS. Ill

are 9.1.9 teeth. In U. elliotti Fischer found 14.1.14 teeth.
They decrease rather rapidly in size towards the edges of the
ribbon, as in Idiostemma.

In the section Tomelasmus, U. sauvalleana has 20.1.20
teeth, very regular and slowly decreasing towards the edges
of the -radula, much as in typical Urocoptis.

U. pruinosKs (pi. 61, fig. 15) has 12.1.12 teeth, not mate-
rially unlike those of U. elegans, but the cusps are a little
narrowed, as in U. dautzeiibergiana.

In U. ventricosa (pi. 60, figs. 5, 6, 10) the formula is
9.1.9. Teeth formed as in pruinosus, but of course decreasing
more rapidly.

In the slender, long, Brachypodella-like U. wrighti of east-
ern Cuba (pi. 61, fig. 12) there are 9.1.9 teeth, shaped like
those of U. ventricosa except that the outer ones are more
oblique and shorter. In U. baculum (pi. 60, fig. 11) the ra-
dula is even narrower, teeth 7.1.7, the two outer on each side
rudimentary and very oblique, and there is a somewhat abrupt
decrease from the second to the third lateral, to some degree
approaching the condition of the less modified forms of
Brachypodella. The centrals are rather wide, as usual in
Gongylostoma. Further notes on the teeth of slender species
may be found under Cochlodinella and Tomelasmus (pi. 63).

From the above it will be seen that the greatest modifica-
tion of the radula is found in Idiostemma, Callonia and cer-
tain species placed in Tomelasmus, such as U. ventricosa and
U. baculum. t In these forms there has been extensive reduction
in the number of teeth in a transverse row. This reduction
is not correlated with either a particular shell-contour or
axial sculpture, though it accompanies, in most cases, highly
evolved and variously aberrant shells. The several forms
in which the tooth-formula has been specialized by reduction
are not closely related. The tooth-reduction must be looked
upon as a secondary modification undergone by several phyla.

The central tooth is very narrow in the Jamaican subgeuus
Urocoptis; rather narrow in Idiostemma, and comparatively
wide in the subgenera Gongylostoma, Cochlodiiidla and Auto-
coptis.

112 UROCOPTJS.

Compared with Holospira, Urocoptis shows many important
differences in the soft anatomy, besides the divergence in jaw
and dentition already exposed by Fischer and Crosse. The
free retractor muscles differ in the much shorter union of the
right ocular and columellar bands in Urocoptis, while the left
and pharyngeal bands, united in Holospira roemeri, are inde-
pendent in Urocoptis brevis. The penis has a normal re-
tractor in Holospira, but in Urocoptis its annexation to the
ocular band reminds one of the condition obtaining in many
Acliatinidcc.

I regret that I have not been able to obtain any of the
larger species of Jamaica, Haiti or Cuba in condition for dis-
section. The above descriptions are based upon three speci-
mens of the rather small U. brevis, kindly supplied alive by
Mr. G. H. Clapp. The shell has to be removed with dilute
acid, after which the manipulation is not difficult except for
the tight coiling of the whorls.

Subdivisions of Urocoptis.

Subgenus UROCOPTIS Beck.

Central teeth of the radula extremely narrow; lateral teeth
almost uniform in size and shape, only a few of the outer-
most shortened and diminished. Shell brown, pink or purple,
uniform, or with a sutural band, regularly striate, the axis
slender and straight or rarely thickened by a low, wide spiral
cord. Jamaica.

Section Spirocoptis Pils. Shell rather large ; axis distinctly
twisted or encircled by a smooth, low, obtuse spiral plait.
Type U. sanguinea.

Section Urocoptis Beck. Shell rather large; axis slender,
straight and simple. Type U. cylindrus.

Section Bactrocoptis Pils. Shell small and slender; axis
simple and thin. Type U. rosea montana.

Subgenus AUTOCOPTIS Pilsbry, 1902.

Central teeth of the radula wide, approaching the ectocones
of the laterals in width. Shell rather large, capacious, the
iixis straight and simple, its base encircled in the last whorl

UROCOPTIS OF JAMAICA. 113

by a low ridge, sometimes united with the axis. Haiti. Type
U. monilifera.

Subgenus COCHLODINELLA Pils. and Van.
Central teeth of the radula wide; laterals rapidly diminish-
ing, their number reduced. Shell small, thin, with a slender,
simple axis. Western Cuba. Similar to Gongylostoma in
dentition, but the axis is a simple style. Type U. poeyana.

Subgenus ARANGIA Pils. and Van.

Shell leugthened,camiae below, the axis with a strong me-
dian spiral lamella. Eastern Cuba and Gonave Island. Type
U. sowerbyana.

Subgenus IDIOSTEMMA Pils. and Van.
Central teeth rather narrow. Shell long, the axis encircled
by a low double cord which is obliquely nodose or ribbed, or
having the nodes transformed into pairs of hooks. Eastern
Cuba. Type U. uncata.

Subgenus GONGYLOSTOMA Albers.

Central tooth of the radula rather wide, its cusp about equal
to the ectocones of the adjacent laterals. Shell long, the axis
encircled by a thin sub-basal lamella, the edge of which is
spinosc or serrate, at least in the earlier whorls; frequently
with spiral lamella? above the dentate one. Cuba, chiefly in
the west. Type U. clegans.

Two groups formerly subordinated to Urocoptis belong
elsewhere; Amphicosmia of Haiti standing with Brachy-
podella, while Spirostemma, a Jamaican group, is related to
Anoma (Lia} .

Subgenus UROCOPTIS Beck.

Jamaican forms with the central tooth of the radula very
narrow, and the axis of the shell simple or weakly twisted.

Section Spirocoptis Pilsbry, 1902.

Urocoptis with the shell rather large and stout, the internal
pillar distinctly twisted or with a single smooth obtuse spiral
plait. Type U. san guinea Pfr. Distribution, Jamaica.

114 UROCOPTIS OF JAMAICA.

This group differs from typical Urocoptis in the torsion of
the coluniellar axis, a feature not hitherto noticed in Jamai-
can species. U. brevis, in which the pillar is slightly twisted,
forms a connecting link between this line of evolution and
the typical Urocoptis. Two species, U. sanguinea and U.
lata, occur in the eastern half of Jamaica, and two, U. ame-
thystina and U. megacheila, in the extreme west. (Speira,
spire, and koptein, cut.)

1. Peristome free throughout. U. lata, no. 1.

2. Peristome adnate above.

a. Blood-red or brown ; 20 x 7 to 29 x 9% mm. U. san-
guinea, no. 2.

b. Dark purple-brown or plum color; lip extensively
adnate above ; stouter, 24.5 x 8.7 to 28 x 10 mm. U.
megacheila, no. 4.

c. Dark red-brown with a dusky-purple subsutural belt;
narrower, 23 x 6 mm. U. amethystina, no. 5.

Another species, U. instabilis, no. 3, is provisionally re-
ferred to this section. Its axis is unknown.

These snails live on the ground, among the scrub and dead
leaves, and are of about the color of their surroundings.

1. U. LATA (C. B. Adams). PI. 30, figs. 42-50.

"Shell very robust, cylindrical in the lower three-fourths,
rapidly tapering above ; wax color, with a dark brown line
next below the suture; with excessively minute, crowded
transverse [obliquely longitudinal] striag; anterior spiral
keel very prominent ; apex not very broadly truncate, with the
loss of - - whorls ; whorls remaining 8%, very narrow, slightly
convex, with a lightly impressed suture. Aperture consider-
ably produced beyond the penult, whorl, transversely ellip-
tical; lip broadly reflected. Length .86 inch, breadth .33
inch." [21.5x8.3 mm.]

Jamaica: John Crow Hills, in the northeastern portion of
Portland. Map 2, area no. 1.

Cylindrella lata AD., Contrib. to Conch, no. 5, p. 82 (1850).

-PFR., Monogr., iii, p. 569. SOWERBY, C. Icon., xx, pi. 7, f.

58. C. lata var. producta C. B. AD., Contrib. no. 9, p. 161

UROCOPTIS OF JAMAICA. 115

(1851). C. rosea Pfr., JOHNSON & Fox, Nautilus, v, p. 34
(July, 1891). C. bacquieana Chitty (?), HENDERSON, Nau-
tilus, viii, p. 19, no. 91.

Adams' original description is given above. The typical
form of the species may be known by its rather obese form,
somewhat suddenly contracting above, the very superficial
sutures, the unusually strong, pinched-up, basal carina, and
the peculiar internal pillar, shown in pi. 30, figs. 45, 49, 50.
Within the last 4 whorls it is a stout column having a rather
weak spiral trend ; this becoming a strong twist in the fourth
whorl from below. Above this the pillar abruptly becomes
very slender, with but a slight twist. Other characters of
note are the great solidity of the shell, its small and rather
long neck and the irregular shape of half-grown shells (fig.
47).

Shells sent by Mr. Jarvis from Rodney Hall (pi. 30, figs.
42-45) and Moore Town (pi. 30, fig. 46), Portland, agree well
with Adams' description. Specimens from the former
locality measure 22.5 x 8.5 mm., whorls 8y 2 ; 20 x 7.8 mm.,
whorls 8*4 ;16.8 x 6 mm., whorls 7, etc. The brown sutural
band is often wanting. In Moore Town lata the apical whorls
are smooth, similar to pi. 32, f . 82.

A slender variety (pi. 30, figs. 48, 49) from Rural Hill
(Jarvis) has 8y 2 to 10 whorls, a nearly circular mouth, and
the slender neck of the typical form. It is cylindrical and
narrow, and the brown internal axis is more slender, but the
thickened part extends a whorl farther up. Length 22, diam.
6.6 mm., with 10 whorls; length 19, diam. 6 mm., with 8y 2
whorls.

With some specimens of lata in the A. D. Brown collection
there was a young shell, pi. 30, fig. 47, and pi. 32, fig. 80, in
which the apex is costellate. I am now inclined to think that
it belongs to some other species.

Var. antonionis nov. (pi. 30, figs. 51, 52). At Port An-
tonio the shells collected by Henderson and by Fox are decid-
edly narrower and more cylindrical, 22 x 7 mm., with 8y 2
whorls. The color is dingy reddish-yellow, darker at the
suture, and the neck is not so long. The internal characters

116 UROCOPTIS OF JAMAICA.

differ somewhat, the pillar being large in the penult, and next
earlier whorls, decidedly smaller in the next preceding (while
in the obese form it is most strongly twisted there).

Var. producta C. B. Ad. Form "much more elongate, sub-
conic. A specimen is 1.23 inch long and .34 inch broad' 1
[Ad.]. Known to me by the above note only. It is larger
than any form of the species I have seen, measuring about
30% by 8i/ 2 mm.

Var. MANCHIONEALENSIS nov. (pi. 29, figs. 35-37). There

is also a small form of lata in the collection of the Academy,
taken at Manchioneal, in western Portland, by Messrs. AV. J.
Fox and C. W. Johnson. It measures 17 x 6.3 mm., with 8
whorls. The pillar is unusually slender, but noticeably
spiral, the curvature greater in the fourth whorl up, as usual.
The apex (pi. 32, fig. 82) is smooth, and the early whorls are
attenuate.

Subsp. ISCHNOSTELE nov. PI. 30, figs. 53, 54.

Shell tawny with darker sutural border, in shape like the
subcylindric forms of U. lata, from which it differs in being
much thinner, with the internal column straight, slender and
tapering. Length 24, diam. 8 mm. ; length 22, diam. 7 mm.
Special locality not known.

In this form the pillar resembles that of the typical species
of Urocoptis, but in external characters it is identical with
lata,, so that I dare not separate it specifically.

2. U. SANGUINEA (Pfeiffer). PI. 31, figs. 61-69.

"Shell rimate, truncate, ovate-cylindrical, solid, glossy,
brownish blood-red; suture linear; whorls 10, subequal. a
little flat, subarcuately and closely rib-striate, the last whorl
not free, obsoletely angular at the base, a little more strongly
ribbed anteriorly. Aperture subvertical, orbicular; peri-
stome white, scarcely continuous, broadly expanded, shortly
reflexed, appressed above. Length 26, diam. 9, width of aper-
ture with peristome 7 1 /. mm." ('Pfr.)

Jamaica (Pfr.) : St. Catherine at Thetford near Bushy
Hill (Jarvis) ; Bogwalk (Henderson) ; St. Andrew at Stony

UROCOPTIS OF JAMAICA. 117

Hill ( Jarvis, Henderson) ; Portland, on the northern water-
shed, at Bellevue (Henderson). Map no. 2, area no. 4.

Cylindrella sanguinea PFR., in Philippi's Abbild., etc., ii,
p. 48, pi. 2, f. 15 (October, 1845) ; Monographia, ii, p. 371;
iii, p. 568; Conchyl. Cab., p. 8, pi. 1, f. 18-20. GLOYNE,
Journ. de Conchyl., xx, 1872, p. 35. CROSSE & FISCHER, J.
de C., 1870, pp. 9, 12 (radula, jaw). W. G. BINNEY, Notes
on Amer. Land Shells, in Ann. Lye. Nat, Hist, of N. Y., xi,
p. 34 (genitalia). SOWERBY, Conch. Icon., xx, pi. 2, f. 12.-
HENDERSON, Nautilus, viii, p. 19, no. 85. BLAND, Amer.
Journ. of Conch., iv, p. 186 (jaw). C. cylindra Chem., HEN-
DERSON, Nautilus, viii, p. 19, no. 84.

Pupa rosea C. B. ADAMS, Proc. Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist., ii, p.
102 (Feb., 1846) . Cylindrella carnea C. B. AD., Contrib. no.
2, p. 22 [6] (Oct., 1849), with var. cerina. l* Urocoptis
coarctata BECK, Index Moll., p. 83, based upon Lister, Hist.,
xxi, 17.

Pfeiffer's description is given above, and his figures copied
on pi. 31, figs. 61, 62, 63. The type was a more swollen form
than that ordinarily encountered, and further differed in hav-
ing 10 whorls, while the usual range is from 7 to 9. C. carnea
C. B. Ad. is universally admitted to be the same species, but
the name applies especially to the more slender and cylindric
form shown in fig. 64.

The color varies from crimson or brownish-red to purplish
or light yellowish-brown. Some of the specimens from Stony
Hill are almost as purple as U. cylindrus. The striae are
rather widely spaced, separated by intervals of double their
own width. The circle of the peristome is interrupted above
for a short distance, the lip usually being brown-tinted ; basal
keel is inconspicuous or almost obsolete. The internal pillar
is rather stout and strongly twisted spirally in the last four
whorls, less so but still perceptibly twisted above. The spiral
is stronger than in U.megacheila or U. amethystina.

Specimens from Bellevue (pi. 31, figs. 65, 66, 69) are rather
large and somewhat swollen, and in color vary from purplish-
red to pale brown, always with a dark sutural border. F,x-
tremes measure :

118 UROCOPTIS OP JAMAICA.

Length 26, diam. 8.3 mm., whorls

Length 20.5, diam. 7.8 mm., whorls iy z .

From Stony Hill, in St. Andrew (fig. 64), the shells are
similar but dull purple, without the brilliant red coloring of
many Bellevue examples, and the axial spiral is perceptibly
wider, less sharp.

Var. cerina C. B. Ad. At Bogwalk, on the Cobre River, in
St. Catherine (pi. 31, figs. 67, 68), the shells are slender, cyl-
indric and dull dark brown or pale brown, some with a slightly
purple shade. There are 9% to 10 whorls. The axial fold
is strong and somewhat acute.

Length 24, diam. 7 mm.

Length 21, diam. 6.5 mm.

Var. meridionalis. At Thetford, near Bushy Park, in the
southern part of St. Catherine, a cylindrical red variety oc-
curs (pi. 31, fig. 70). The shell is comparatively slender,
usually with 9% convex whorls. Internal pillar twisted as
usual. Length 22, diam. 6.5 mm.

The largest specimen of U. sanguinea I have seen measures
29 mm. long, 9~y 2 wide, and has 9% whorls.

Var. PERPLEXA (Vendryes) . PI. 34 a, figs. 11, 12.

"This variety was collected at Water House, an abandoned
sugar estate, now turned into a grazing pen and negro provi-
sion grounds, in the upper northern portion of the Liguinea
plain, where the limestone hills of the Red Hills range begin
to rise. The aperture is produced and the peristome is de-
tached all round; whilst in the typical sanguinea the peri-
stome above is closely soldered to the body-whorl, and often
so much attenuated at the point of attachment as to form a
thin film. The shell is of medium size and dark colored;
there is a narrow line of a deeper tint than the ground color,
but rather dingy, running next to the suture along the lower
part of it and extending to within it. This form is very per-
sistent in the locality mentioned." (Vendryes].

Cylindrclla (Thaumasia) sanguinea Pfeiffer, var. perplexa
VENDRYES, Nautilus, xv, p. 3, pi. 1, f. 11, 12.

UROCOPTIS OF JAMAICA. 119

3. U. INSTABILIS (Vendryes). PI. 34 a, figs. 9, 10.

"Shell ovate-cylindrical, solid, rimate; color dark sanguin-
eous, not unlike that of some specimens of Cyl. sanguinea,
but the surface of instabilis exhibits in most specimens senii-
hydrophanous, more or less wide, transverse patches sparsely
and irregularly occurring, and apparently produced by some
indistinct lesions of the very thin epidermis ; spire describing
a well-drawn-out ovate outline; apex broadly truncate with
the loss of 6 to 7 of the earlier volutions, whorls remaining
7 to 8, almost entirely plain in some examples, or moderately
convex in others, subarcuately, obliquely and closely costulate
strise; the last whorl not detached in some examples, and de-
tached and produced in others, and generally more strongly
sculptured than the penult, and other whorls, with a well-
pronounced carina at the base ; suture lightly impressed and
submargined ; aperture slightly oblique, circular in some ex-
amples or transversely narrowed in others ; peristome slightly
tinged with the prevailing ground color of the shell, well
expanded all around and reflected, not continuous above, but
attenuated or reduced to a mere film and appressed to the
body whorl in some examples, or in others detached and con-
tinuous, and produced outward near the upper part of the
right side of the aperture and with a sinus or notch on the
produced part. Long., 24 to 25 mm. ; diam. at middle of
spire, 9 to 10 mm. ; aperture with peristome appressed, 8 mm.
high and wide ; when produced and with peristome detached,
fi mm. high, and 6 to 7 mm. wide." (Vendryes.}

Jamaica: Phoenix Park, near the Monarque in the parish
of Saint Ann; environs of Brown's Town in the same parish.
(Vendryes.)

Cylindrella (Thaumasia) instabilis VEND., Nautilus, xv,
p. 4, pi. 1, f. 9, 10 (May 1, 1901).

"In several of its characters this species is rather incon-
sistent. In specimens found side by side and manifestly of
the same brood, some examples show strong affinities with
Thaumasia sanguinea, others with Thaumasia cylindrus,
others again with Gongylostoma lata (fThaumasia lata), in so
far that it becomes often very difficult to locate them deci-

120 UROCOPTIS OF JAMAICA.

sively. In the two species figured, one has the lip appressed,
as in sanguinea; in the other it is detached and expanded to-
wards the right side of the aperture and bears a notch or
sinus. In one the sculpture is decidedly like that of san-
guinea, in the other it is like that of cylindrus, but stronger.
In specimens with the aperture but slightly produced and the
peristome uninterrupted by attenuation and adhesion to the
body whorl, or produced and not bearing a sinus, the resem-
blance to lata is very great." (Vend.)

Known to me by the original description and figures only.
The internal column is unfortunately unknown. When ex-
amined it will doubtless throw light upon the obscure rela-
tionships of the form. It occurs in an area (map no. 2, area
17) where no other large Urocoptis has been noticed.

4. U. MEGACHEILA (Chitty). PL 31, figs. 57, 58.

Shell solid and strong, shortly rimate, oblong-cylindric,
rapidly tapering above, dark purple-brown or plum color,
with a darker band below the suture; finely striated. 7^-
81/2 whorls remaining, the last with a low basal carina. Aper-
ture brown within, the peristome fleshy-brown, very broadly
expanded and flatly reflected, discontinuous above, the ends
being connected by a wide bluish or lilac-white parietal
callus. Internal column stout, distinctly sinuous and
grooved at the root within the penultimate and next earlier
whorls, becoming slender and straight above.

Length 28, diam. 10 mm. ; width of apert. with lip 9.7 mm.

Length 24.5, diam. 8.7 mm.; width of apert. with lip
8.7 mm.

Jamaica: Moreland, in Westmoreland (Jarvis), and En-
deavor, near the southern border of Hanover ( Chitty) . Map
2, area no. 13.

Cylindrella megacheila CHITTY, Ann. of the Lye. of Nat.
Hist, of New York, vi, p. 155, pi. 5, f. 1, 2 (1855). PPR.,
Monogr., iv, p. 692. SOWB., C. Icon., xx, pi. 6, f. 54. Uro-
coptis megacheila Ch., P. & V., Proc. A. N. S. Phila., 1898,
p. 274.

A very distinct species, much stouter in figure than the

UROCOPTIS OF JAMAICA. 121

allied U. amethystina, and with a less strong spiral twist of
the pillar than either that or U. sanguined.

5. U. AMETHYSTINA (Chitty). PL 31, figs. 59, 60.

Shell shortly rimate, cylindrical, slightly and slowly taper-
ing above, dusky red-brown with a blackish-purple belt below
the suture, finely rib-striate, the stria? nearly straight.
Whorls about 9y 2 , somewhat convex, the last not free in
front, with a low basal carina. Aperture subvertical, brown
inside, the peristome broadly expanded and reflexed, adnate
above, nearly white, rather thick. Internal column strongly
twisted spirally in the penultimate and next earlier whorls,
much less twisted in the next whorl upward, slender and
straight above.

Length 23, diam. 6 mm.

Jamaica: Moreland, in Westmoreland, and Eiulcitvof, in
the adjacent part of Hanover. (Chitty.)

C. amethystina CH., Ann. Lye. of N. H. of New York, vi,
p. 156, pi. 5, f. 3, 4 (1855), with var. cerina. PPR., Monogr.,
iv, p. 697. SOWERBY, Conch. Icon., xx, pi. 2, f. 15 (not good).

This species resembles U. megacheila in color, but is more
like the more cylindrical form of U. sanguinca in shape.
The color is sometimes pale brownish with a dark sutural belt,
and according to Chitty "a variety occurs of a waxy color,
which I designate C. amethystina var. cerina." The speci-
mens figured were sent by Chitty. It has not been found
by recent collectors.

Section Urocoptis s. str.

The typical forms of Urocoptis are moderately large,
densely striate shells, in which the axis is slender and straight,
U. cijlindrus being the type. All are Jamaican. The species
fall into three groups, of which that of U. brevis forms a con-
necting link with the preceding section.

1. Group of U. brevis. Rather small, oblong species willi
the summit rounded, axis a little sinuous or straight, the apex
(in U. brevis} ribbed.

2. Group of U. cylindrus. Cylindric, moderate or
shells, with simple axis.

122

UROCOPTIS OF JAMAICA.

3. Group of U. nobilior. Turrite, tapering large species.

They live on the ground among leaves, etc. U. nobilior
occurs at Bogwalk in a talus of decomposed shaly rock, of
which the shells are almost exactly the color.

The wide range of variation and the intergradation of geo-
graphically adjacent races, renders the definition of species
exceedingly difficult. Clear definitions and easy "keys" can-
not be expected where no sharp distinctions exist in nature.
There has been a good deal of differentiation, so that in the
areas where the divergence of the various forms is most accen-
tuated, they seem to be fairly distinct as species go ; but else-
where a multitude of less divergent local forms occur, more
or less uniting the several main races.

(Group of U. brevis.)

6. U. BREVIS (Pfeiffer). PI. 33, figs. 96-99, 1-3, 10-12; pi. 32,

figs. 76, 84, 86.

"Shell rimate, truncate, cylindric-ovate, the apex rounded,
obtuse ; very closely, obliquely rib-striate ; pale brown, a little
glossy. Whorls 7, flattened, the later ones subequal, the last
whorl shortly free, the base usually very obsoletely carinate.
Aperture circular; peristome broadly expanded and a little
reflexed. Length 16%, diam. 7 mm. ; diam. of aperture 5
mm." (P/Y.)

Jamaica : Widely distributed along the south coast, from
St. Thomas to St. Elizabeth, and inland 6 or 7 miles, but not
above 500 ft. elevation (Jarvis). Area 3 of map no. 2.

Helix brevis Fer. in Mus., according to Pfr. Cylindrella
brcvis PFR., Symbols, i, p. 47 (1841) ; in Philippi, Abbild., i,
p. 185, pi. 1, f. 1; ii, p. 49, pi. 2, f. 18; Monogr., ii, p. 371;
Conchyl. Cab., pi. 2, f. 10-17. ORB., Moll. Cuba, i, p. 182, pi.
12, f. 12-14. DESK, in Fer., Hist., ii, p. 226, pi. 164, f. 10-12.
CROSSE & FISCHER, Journ. de Conchyl., 1870, p. 9, 12, pi. 3,
f. 6 (jaw), pi. 5, f. 14. GLOYNE, J. de C., 1872, p. 34.-
BLAND, Amer. Journ. of Conch., iv, p. 186 (jaw). JOHNSON
& Fox, Naulilns, v, p. 34. RUSH, Nautilus, v, p. 69, no. 118.
-HENDERSON, Nautilus, viii, p. 19, no. 86 (except loc. Ocho
Rios). Wlausilia torticollis CROUCH, Tllustr. Introd. to La-

UROCOPTIS OF JAMAICA. 123

marck's Conchology, p. 28, pi. 15, f. 3 (1827). Cyl. column,!
var. intermedia C. B. AD., Contrib. no. 2, p. 22. ?C. bulbi-
formis SOWB., Conch. Icon., xx, pi. 11, f. 103 (1875).

An abundant and well known species, readily recognized
by the short shell, very strongly tapering apical cone, narrow
truncation, and the much-expanded, trumpet-like peristome,
which is thin and sharp-edged. The slender internal column
is perceptibly twisted. The original description is given
above, and the original figures copied, pi. 33, figs. 10. 11, 12.

The truncate portion consists of 5 or 6 attenuated whorls
forming a nipple-like apex. The first two ivhorls are verti-
cally ribbed, the riblets delicate and widely spaced; the follow-
ing whorls are more closely and obliquely rib-striate (pi. 32,
fig. 86, specimen from Cambridge, St. James).

Specimens from Rock Fort, near Kingston, are typical.
Figs. 96, 97 ; pi. 32, fig. 76 (x 20), further illustrate this form,
which varies in size from IS 1 /^ to IS 1 /^ mm. long ; whorls com-
monly 7% to 8%. Color dull light brown, varying to dull
roseate, dull purple or white.

At Long Mountain, near Kingston (pi. 33, figs. 1, 2, 3), the
size varies more :

Length 20, diain. 6.5 mm. ; whorls

Length 17, diam. 5.2 mm. ; whorls

Length 11.5, diam. 4.7 mm. ; whorls 6%.

At Cambridge Hill, St. Thomas, the shells vary less in size,
and are glossy, with smooth, flat strife.

Specimens from Round Hill, near Milk River, St. Cathe-
rine (pi. 33, fig. 99, pi. 32, fig. 84), are similar to those from
Long Mt., but are more coarsely striate and less variable in
size. An albino specimen is figured.

Cylindrella bulbiformis Sowerby (pi. 33, fig. 4) seems to be
a specimen of U. b rev is which has retained the apex to matu-
rity. The original description follows: "Shell shortly fusi-
form, pink, very finely striated, ventricose; apical whorls
contracted, middle convex, inflated, last narrow, notched,
hardly unwound; aperture large, rather round; margin
round." The habitat is unknown, and it may possibly prove
to be a Haitian Bracliypodclla.

124 UROCOPTIS OF JAMAICA.

U. brcvis has been reported from Falmouth (Trelawny) by
Henderson as Cyl. obesa C. B. A. (Nautilus, viii, p. 19, no.
88). The specimens (pi. 35, fig. 59) agree with U. brcvis in
the shape, narrow truncation, trumpet-like aperture, fine
striatioii and the weakly indicated basal keel. The color is
dark brown, paler above, and white behind the thin-edged
lip. I can find no character to separate them from U. brcvis;
and if there is no mistake as to the locality, the anomalous
distribution may possibly be explicable as a case of coloniza-
tion by the accidental transportation of living individuals
with plants or goods. The locality is as far as possible re-
moved from the known area of U. brevis.

Var. obesa (C. B. Adams). PL 33, fig. 95; pi. 32, fig. 78

(x20).

'Differs from C. brcvis invariably in having the raised
lines comparatively very distant. It is limited to a small
district, on both sides of which C. brcvis is widely distrib-
uted." "Length .57 inch, width .235 inch" (C. B. Ad.).

Figures 95 and 78 are from a specimen from the author.
This so-called variety occurs in several lots before me mingled
with a very closely striate form, the var. densestriata of
Adams (pi. 32, fig. 79, x20). The form obesa has coarser,
the form densestriata finer sculpture than typical U. brcvis:
but I do not attach much weight to these differences.

Pupa obesa (with var. denscstriata) C. B. A., Proc. Bost.
Soc. N. H., 1845, p. 15. C. obesa and C. dcust slriala C. B. A.,
Contrib. to Conch, no. 2, p. 22.

Var. COLUMNA (C. B. Adams). PL 33, figs. 5-9; pi. 32, fig.
77 (x20).

"Perhaps a variety of C. brcvis Pfr., but the spire has rec-
tilinear and almost exactly parallel outlines in its lower two-
thirds or three-fourths; the shell is longer; the whorls are
wholly flattened; the lip is more widely spread; and the strioa
are as small as in the more finely striated varieties of C. brcvis.
Length .72 inch, breadth .22 inch [18, 5.5 mm.] ; of another,
length .575, breadth .18 inch" [14.4, 4.5 mm.] ( C. B. Ad.).

UROCOPTIS OF JAMAICA. 125

Rock Fort, near Kingston (Johnson and Fox, figs. 9, 77) ;
Hope River, farther eastward, 5 or 6 miles from Kingston
(Henderson and Simpson, figs. 5-8).

Cylindrclla columna AD., Contrib. no. 2, p. 22 (Oct., 1849).
-PFR., Monogr., iii, p. 570. HENDERSON, Nautilus, viii, p.
19, no. 89 (not no. 81). C. brevis var. intermedia C. B. A.,
HENDERSON, Nautilus, viii, p. 19, no. 87.

A short, pillar-like form, typically quite easily distinguished
from brevis. Even more frequently than in brevis, the peri-
stome remains adnate above. It is common a few miles east
of Kingston. At an old lime-kiln at Rock Fort the shells are
about 13 mm. long, 4 to 5 mm. wide, with 7 to 9^ whorls, and
chiefly brownish (figs. 8, 77). Specimens from Hope River
(pi. 33, figs. 5-8) are much more variable in size:

Length 21, diam. 7.2 mm. ; whorls

Length 17, diam. 6 mm. ; whorls 9.

Length 11.5, diam. 4.3 mm. ; whorls

All intermediate sizes are fully represented. The whorls
are flat or slightly convex, and the color varies from gray-
white to occasional pink shells.

C. col tan mi- "var. intermedia more resembles C. brevis in
having the whorls a little convex ; but the shell is longer than
the type of C. columna, and the aperture is a little larger.
Length .78, breadth .22 inch [19.5, 5.5 mm.]" (C. B. Ad.).
This form seems to have very slight claims to varietal distinc-
tion. I would refer the specimens before me, so named by
Adams, to U. brevis.

Var. ABBREVIATA (Deshayes). PL 33, figs. 90-94.

One of the most cylindric of the genus ; broadly truncate at
the summit, the spire very obtuse; composed of 6 nearly flat
whorls, very slowly increasing, and joined by a simple, super-
ficial suture. The last whorl is very short, a little higher than
wide, its length about two-thirds that of the spire, base very
convex, bearing a narrow, obtuse angle, further down than in
other species. The aperture projects forward but little, is
entirely free, circular, white; peristome thin, sharp, and
strongly reflexed. Surface covered with very fine, regular

126 UROCOPTIS OF JAMAICA.

oblique stria;. The shell is thin, serni-transpareiit, of a very
pale whitish corneous-brown, the last whorl having a narroAV,
reddish-brown band at the base, its edges shading into the
ground color of the shell. This zone, cut by the suture, gen-
erally ascends the preceding whorls, but never reaches the
apex. Length 14, diaui. 5 mm.

Cyl. abbreviata DESH., in Fer. Hist., ii, p. 226, pi. 164, f.
13-15. PFR., Monogr., iii, p. 565.

The locality of this form, is unknown. .In a tray of three
specimens before me, one (pi. 33, figs. 93, 94) has the basal
and suprasutural band as described by Deshayes; another
has a dark band beneath the suture (fig. 94), while the third
has no bands. It is doubtless a local race of U. brevis. Figs.
90-92 of pi. 33 are copied from Deshayes, from whose account
the above description was taken.

7. U. OVATA (Deshayes). PL 33, figs. 87-89.

"Shell somewhat acorn-shaped, oval, very obtuse at the
summit, very broadly truncate, tapering at the ends. The
spire is composed of 7 very flat whorls, united by a perfectly
superficial and sometimes very obscurely margined suture.
The last whorl is extremely short, its diameter is less than
that of the preceding whorl. It is provided in front w r ith a
small, obtuse keel, a little compressed on each side. The aper-
ture is entirely detached, is irregularly circular and projects
obliquely forward. The thin and sharp peristoine is strongly
reflexed. The whole surface is covered with extremely fine
striae, very elegant by their regularity; they are obtuse and
distinctly curved. They disappear on the ventral surface of
the last whorl, to reappear on the back, but coarser and more
spaced. The whole thin and semi-transparent shell is of a
very pale, uniform rose color. Length 20, diam. 8 mm."
(Desk.). Jamaica.

C. ovata DESH., in Fer., Histoire, ii, p. 227, pi. 164, f. 7-9.
PFR., Monogr., iii, p. 565.

"Very closely related to C. brevis of Pfeiffer. It is dis-
tinct by several characters, and may be recognized at sight by
the more swollen shape."

UROCOPTIS OF JAMAICA. 127

The information given by Deshayes is repeated above, and
his figures are copied, pi. 33, figs. 87-89. These indicate a
thin shell with weak basal keel, and it is doubtful whether
this exact form has been identified, and even whether it may
not prove to belong to the brevis chain of variations.

*

Var. SANCTAEANNAE nov. PI. 58, figs. 65, 66; pi. 32, fig. 81.

American and Jamaican collectors have identified as C.
ovata a species (pi. 58, figs. 65, 66) found along the northern
coast in northern St. Ann and northeastern Trelawny, map
no. 2, area 16. It varies from flesh-pink to light brown-pink,
is somewhat barrel-shaped, decidedly swollen, thick and
strong. The last whorl is shortly free, but more so than U.
brevis, and it has a rather strong basal keel. 6% to l l /2
whorls remain, the apex being generally more broadly trun-
cate than in U. brevis. The rounded aperture is wider than
long, with a continuous, free, broadly expanded and well re-
flexed peristome, which is noticeably thickened, and rolled
backwards at the edge, instead of being acute like that of U.
brevis. The axis is rather stout, but not in the least twisted,
thus differing from that of U. brevis. Specimens of average
dimensions measure 17^ mm. long, 7^ wide, with 7 whorls;
and length 19, diam. 7 mm., with 8 whorls. There is but
little variation in size among the large series seen, from the
Henderson and Jarvis collections. It extends eastward to
Ocho Rios and Braco, St. Ann. The young stage is still
unknown.

This form was recorded as C. ovata Desh? and probably as
C. brevis Pfr., Ocho Rios, by Henderson, Nautilus, viii, p.
19, nos. 83, 86.

8. U. HENDERSONI n. sp. PI. 35, figs. 55-58 ; pi. 32, fig. 83.

Shell cylindric or oval-cylindric, very solid, flesh-colored
or rarely yellowish, sculptured with comparatively coarse
rounded riblets narrower than their intervals. Spire mode-
rately or but slightly tapering, broadly truncate. Whorls 7
to 71/2, rather convex, the last shortly free in front, having a
low but rather wide basal keel. Aperture transversely oval,

128 UBOCOPTIS OP JAMAICA.

the upper margin being straightened; pale fleshy-brown in-
side. Peristome expanded, somewhat reflexed, somewhat
thickened, whitish. Internal axis straight, stout and tapering
within the last two whorls, slender above.

Length 16.4, diam. 5.7 mm. ; whorls 7%.

Length 15, diam. 5.7 mm. ; whorls 7.

Jamaica: St. Ann's (Henderson & Simpson).

Cyl. filriata Clritty (?), HENDERSON, Nautilus, viii, p. 19,
no. 82.

This species is related to U. ovata sanctceanncu, but differs
in being much more slender and more coarsely ribbed. U.
(jravesii has a more slender neck and is very minutely sculp-
tured.

A large series was collected by Mr. J. B. Henderson, Jr., in
1893-4. The fully adult shell seems to lose, in many cases,
all of the tapering whorls, as in fig. 58 ; but most of the speci-
mens taper somewhat above, though less than in U. gravesii.
The smallest specimen measured is 14.5 mm. long, 4.8 wide,
with 7~y 2 whorls; the widest is 6 mm. in diam., with a length
of 15. The enlarged figure of sculpture (pi. 32, fig. 83)
shows how strongly it differs from U. ovata sanctceannce (fig.
81), or U. brevis (fig. 76). The sculpture of U. obesa (fig.
78) is almost equally coarse, but less strongly in relief. All
of these figures are enlarged 20 diameters.

Group of U. gravesii.

9. U. GRAVESII (C. B. Adams). PI. 33, figs. 14-17.

Shell cylindric-fusiform, solid and strong, gray-white,
glossy, sculptured with close, fine, regular, smooth, straight
strias. Whorls 7 to 11, but slightly convex, the last free in
front, with a very iveak basal keel or none. Aperture sub-
circular, the peristome broadly expanded and reflexed, some-
what trumpet-shaped. Internal column straight and simple.

Length 22.5, diam. 6.3 mm. ; whorls 9.

Length 18.5, diam. 5.5 mm. ; whorls 8.

Length 16.5, diam. 5 mm. ; whorls 7%.

Length 15.5, diam. 5.3 mm. ; whorls 7.

UROCOPTIS OP JAMAICA. 129

Jamaica : St. James and Trelawny parishes, along the coast
from a short distance east of Falmouth to the neighborhood
of Montego Bay, and 6 to 8 miles inland. Map no. 2, area 15.

Cylindrella gravesii C. B. A., Contrib. no. 2, p. 21 (Oct.,
1849). PFR., Monogr., iii, p. 570; Conchyl. Cab., pi. 9, f. 6-8,
SowEfcBY, C. Icon., xx, pi. 3, f. 18. HENDERSON, Nautilus,
viii, p. 19, no. 90.

More slender than U. ovata, and distinguished from U.
dubia and all of that group by its usually whitish color, and
the more or less trumpet-shaped aperture. Figs. 16, 17 rep-
resent specimens from Adelphia, St. James (Jarvis). Messrs.
Henderson and Simpson found it at Little River and Montego
Bay, in the same parish. Some specimens from the last
locality are tinted rose-brown.

The young shell (pi. 64, fig. 3, Montego Bay) tapers some-
what more regularly than U. procera and its allies, the deci-
duous portion consisting of about 15 whorls, the apical 2y 2
smooth.

10. U. TRANSPARENS (Pfeiffer). PI. 33, figs. 13, 18, 19.

Shell deeply rimate, cylindric-turreted, very closely sub-
arcuate-striate, transparent, alabastrine ; spire noticeably at-
tenuate; suture hair-margined. Whorls remaining 7, moder-
ately convex, the last rounded, very obsoletely angulate, free
in front for a somewhat long distance. Aperture slightly
oblique, somewhat irregularly rounded, narrowed by a slight
columellar fold in the throat; peristome continuous, reflexed
throughout, somewhat flexuous, white. Length 181/2, diam.
61/2 ; aperture with peristome 5 mm. long, 514 wide (Pfr.) .

Jamaica (Bland). Mt. Diablo (Jarvis, Henderson). Map
no. 2, area 6.

C. transparens PFR., Malak. Blatt., xiii, 1866, p. 87;
Monogr., vi, p. 369 ; Novit. Conch., p. 432, pi. 97, f . 3, 4.

Pfeiffer's original description is given above, and his fig-
ures are copied, pi. 33, figs. 18, 19. They indicate a shell
related to U. gravesii and U. procera.

The Mt. Diablo shells referred to transparens (pi. 33, fig.
13) have narrower strias than U. gravesii, the intervals double

130 UROCOPTIS OF JAMAICA.

the width of the riblets. They are white, with the basal keel
very weak in some shells, but rather strong in others. Speci-
mens measure :

Length 21, diam. 6 mm. ; whorls 8.

Length 18, diam. 6 mm. ; whorls 7.

Length IS 1 /^, diam. 6.2 mm. ; whorls

11. U. ASPERA (C. B. Adams). PI. 29, figs. 38-41; pi. 32,

fig. 85.

Shell shortly rimate, oblong-cylindric, strongly tapering
above, the truncation quite small; solid and strong, dull red
or flesh-colored, usually paler on the lower whorls, the last
one sometimes nearly white. Surface lustreless, sculptured
with sharp narrow, arcuate stria:, more widely spaced than
usual in allied species. Whorls typically 9 to 10, somewhat
convex, the last tapering downwards, obtusely subangular
around the axis, and encircled by a distinct or weak cord-like
carina, becoming free in front. Aperture whitish within;
peristome free and entire, broadly expanded and reflexed,
the upper margin noticeably straightened, elsewhere rounded.
Internal axis slender and straight.

Length 23.5, diam. 7.5 mm. (Adams' type).

Length 25, diam. 7.7 to 8.2 mm. ; whorls 10. Yallahs R.

Length 20, diam. 7.2 mm. ; whorls 9. Yallahs R.

Length 22, diam. 7.2 mm. ; whorls 9y 2 . Yallahs R.

Length 19, diam. 6.3 mm. ; whorls 9y 2 . Creighton Hall.

Length 21.5, diam. 7.2 mm.; whorls 9V 2 . Creighton Hall.

Length 19, diam. 7 mm. ; whorls Sy 3 . Greenhall.

Jamaica: Yallahs River (Henderson), Greenhall and
Creighton Hall (Jarvis), St. Thomas, from the coast to 1800
ft. elevation. Map no. 2, area 2.

Cylindrella aspera C. B. A., Contrib. to Conch., no. 2, p. 21
(Oct., 1849). PFR., Monogr., iii, p. 564; Conchyl. Cab., p. 13,
pi. 2, f. 18, 19. HENDERSON, Nautilus, viii, p. 19 (June, 1894).
SOWB., C. Icon., xx, pi. 1, f. 1.

Probably Yallahs River (figs. 38, 39, 85) was the type lo-
cality, as specimens from that place agree perfectly with the
original description. Those from Greenhall (figs. 40, 41) are

UROCOPTIS OF JAMAICA. 131

shorter, more pupiform, and with decidedly more widely
spaced striae.

Group of U. cylindrus.

Rather broadly truncate, large, and often beautifully col-
ored forms, with simple, straight internal pillar (pi. 41, fig.
76, U. ambigua var. magna), the peristome normally free
above, the striation fine and close.

These forms are distributed throughout the interior of the
western half of Jamaica eastward to Clarendon. The several
races, though given specific rank, are only nominal species, as
intergradation closely connects the whole series. It is often
a very difficult matter to tell where to place some specimens
indeed it becomes merely arbitrary where the characters of
two forms are about equally mingled. There are no natural
lines of demarcation. The nominal species are typically
characterized as follows, beginning with the easternmost :
No. 12. U. procera: Shell rather slender, tawny (or sometimes

pink) ; basal keel strong.
No. 13. U. dubia: Shell slender and small, dingy rose tinted;

basal keel weak.
No. 14. U. ambigua: Shell stouter, roseate or rose-brown;

basal keel short, weak. Length 19-26 mm., three times the

diam.

var. fortis: Shell wider, the diam. more than one-third

the alt. ; 25 x 9 mm.
var. magna: Much larger, solid, rose-colored; basal keel

weak,
var. elizabethensis: Narrow and parallel-sided, whorls

flattened. Diam. less than one-third the length.
No. 15. U. cylindrus: Shell thin, purple; basal keel strong.

var. rubella: Smaller, bright red.
No. 16. U. zonata: Shell brownish-pink or purple, with a

white sutural band.

12. U. PROCERA (C. B. Adams). PI. 29, figs. 21-24.

Shell shortly rimate, slender, the lower three-fifths cylin-
dric, upper portion slowly tapering, the apex broadly trun-

132 UROCOPTIS OP JAMAICA.

cate ; thin ; ' ' reddish or yellowish-brown ; ' ' surface but slightly
shining or lustreless, very densely and finely striate. Whorls
about 91/0 (71/0 to 11), slightly convex, separated by a well
marked suture, the last whorl shortly free- in front, having a
strong spiral carina at the base, extending upon the lip.
Aperture oblique, subcircular, the peristome white, expanded
and reflexed, slightly guttered at the termination of the basal
carina. Internal axis white, slender and straight.

Jamaica: Interior of Clarendon, the most strongly marked
form very local, at Teak Pen and a few miles around, where
it is abundant (Jarvis) ; but smaller forms extend westward
to Clarendon Park, Clarendon, and Peace River, Manchester
(Jarvis). Map no. 2, area 7.

Cylindrella procera C. B. A., Contrib. to Conch., no. 7, p.
102 (April, 1850).

More slender and lengthened than U. ambigua, and with
the basal keel more pronounced; moreover, the typical procera
is not rose-colored, but tawny. But the specimens from Man-
chester are in some cases difficult to separate from ambigua.
The ranges of the two overlap, and there is probably pretty
complete intergradation. The area marked for procera on
the map defines only the more typical form, excluding the
rather wide range westward of varietal modifications.

Figures 21, 22 represent typical specimens from Adams,
exact locality unknown. At Teak Pen, in central Clarendon
(pi. 29, figs. 23, 24), the shells are still longer:

Length 32, diam. 7.7, whorls 12.

Length 29, diam. 7.5, whorls 10i/ 2 .

Length 24.7, diam. 6.5, whorls 10.

Color dull or rather dark red-brown; basal keel strong;
internal pillar stronger and shell decidedly thicker than in
the typical form.

At Clarendon Park, near the western edge of Clarendon,
and at Peace River, Manchester, the shells are small, about
24 x 6.5 mm., with 8-9 whorls, a strong basal keel, and more
or less roseate color.

The rejected spire consists of about 13 whorls, the first two
smooth and glossy. The outlines are irregular, the spire

UROCOPTIS OF JAMAICA. 133

being a little contracted just below the smooth apex, and more
so just before the beginning of the permanent whorls. Fig.
1 of pi. 64 is from a specimen in coll. of G. H. Clapp, retaining
all but the first whorl; loc., interior Clarendon.

13. U. DUBIA (Chitty). PI. 29, figs. 18, 19, 20.

"Of the C. rosea group. Shell ovate-conic, much elon-
gated, dingy rose color; lip white; moderately coarse oblique
stride of growth ; keel nearly obsolete ; last whorl very much
rounded, and brownish ; spire with convex outlines ; apex
truncate, with the loss of whorls; 7% whorls left, very
convex and rather shouldered, with a deeply impressed suture ;
last whorl moderately produced, subangular on the right side
and at the upper part of the left. Aperture large. Lip
spreading much on the left lower extremity, thin shining and
slightly reflected. Length .67, breadth .17, breadth of lip .17
inch." (Chitty).

Jamaica: Parish of St. James, near Maroon Town (Chitty,
Jarvis), and at Montpelier (Henderson); Mackfield, West-
moreland (Jarvis).

Cylindrella diibia CHITTY, Contrib. to Conch., no. 1, p. 13
(October, 1853). PFR., Monogr., iv, p. 697.

Distinct from anibigua by its smaller size and especially
the more slender form. Specimens from Maroon Town and
Hanna Rock, five miles distant (pi. 29, figs. 18, 19), vary
widely in size :

Length 16.5, diam. 4.3 mm. ; whorls 7y 2 -
Length 15, diam. 5.5 mm. ; whorls 6y 2 .
Length 21.3, diam. 5.6 mm. ; whorls 8y 2 -
Length 20, diam. 6.2 mm. ; whorls 7 1 />.
The mouth is almost circular, the upper margin of the lip
being more arcuate than is usual in U. anibigua. The whorls
vary a great deal in convexity, but are often more convex
than in U. anibigua. The basal keel is Aveak or almost want-
ing, and in the form from around Maroon Town it is not
strengthened just behind the lip, as it generally is in ambitjua.
A large series collected by Henderson and Simpson at Mont-
pelier, on the western border of St. James, is less variable m

134

UROCOPTIS OF JAMAICA.

size and shape than the Maroon Town shells, conforming to a
narrowly cylindric type, about 21 by 5.7 mm. A few strag-
glers have been taken with the small form of U. zonata, at
Mackfield, Westmoreland, by Mr. Jarvis ;fig. 20).

The area no. 14 on map 2 is the metropolis of U. dubia, but
according to Mr. Jarvis it occurs in small numbers a good
distance from this center.

14. U. AMBIGUA (C. B. Adams). PI. 29, figs. 25-32.

Shell cylindric, moderately tapering above, rather widely
truncate, thin, but usually stronger than U. cylindrus; rose-
pink or pink-brown. Surface usually shining, finely and
closely, obliquely striate. Whorls 7-10, varying from slightly
to distinctly convex, the last whorl shortly free in front,
rounded beneath, except behind the lip, where there is a short
keel. Aperture transversely oval, the peristome continuous,
whitish or isabelline, expanded and reflexed, the upper margin
straightened. Internal pillar slender and straight or nearly
so.

Length 23.6, diam. 7.4 mm.
Manchester.

Length 20, diam. 7.5 mm. ; whorls
Manchester.

Length 19, diam. 6.5 mm.
Manchester.

Length 26, diam. 8.5 mm. ; whorls 8.
Chester.

Length 18.5-20.5, diam. 7 mm. ; whorls 7.
Manchester.

Jamaica: N.-W. Clarendon and southern Trelawny, Man-
chester and St. Elizabeth parishes. Map no. 2, area 8, 8 a
and 8 b, but far more abundant in area 8.

Cylindrella ambigua C. B. A., Contrib. no. 2, p. 21 (Oct.,
1849). C. rosea var. ambigua C. B. A., Contrib., p. 183, no.
174 d (1851). C. rosea Chemnitz, SOWERBY, Conch. Icon.,
xx, pi. 2, f. 11. C. rosea Pfr., DESHAYES, in Fer., Histoire, p.
225, pi. 164, f. 4-6 (enlarged). HENDERSON, Nautilus, viii,
p. 19, no. 94; and of Jamaican and American collectors gen-

whorls

6%.

whorls 1%.

Williamsfield,
Williamsfield,
Williamsfield,
Pratville, Man-
Mandeville,

UROCOPTIS OF JAMAICA. 135

erally. C. rosea v. fortis C. B. A., HENDERSON, Nautilus, viii,
p. 19, no. 95. C. rosea var. fortis C. B. A., Contrib. no. 9, p.
161 (1851).

The following references to "C. rosea" probably pertain to
the present species : Amer. Journ. Conch., iv, p. 186 ; v, p. 37
(jaw figd.) ; Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci., iii, p. 125; Journ. de
Conch., 1870, pp. 9, 12, 25 (teeth); Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci.
Phila., 1873, p. 248 ; Beitr. Mex. Land- u. Susswasser-Conch.,
iv, p. 106, pi. 13, f. 6, 7 (teeth).

The name C. ambigua was originally given to a single ab-
normal specimen of the form known to Adams as C. rosea, but
not the rosea of Pfeiffer. In view of the error regarding the
identity of rosea, Adams' brief notices of ambigua, magna,
major and fortis are quite inadequate for recognition, and
none of the names would stand if the form had been elsewhere
properly denned. But Pfeiffer considered the whole series
to be mere varieties of C. cylindrus; and in the absence of a
competing name, it seems best to adopt the first one on Adams'
page, even though it was based upon a pathologic individual.

U. ambigua differs from U. cylindrus in the rose instead of
purple color, the usually far weaker basal keel, and the some-
what stronger shell; but all of these characters vary within
wide limits, so that there is no sharp line of demarcation
between them.

Mr. Jarvis distinguishes three races of U. ambigua: (1)
the typical small form described above, which is found
throughout the areas 8, 8 a, 8 b of map 1, but is far more com-
mon in Manchester, area 8. This form measures from 18 to
26 mm. long, and varies from a dull brown tint, scarcely per-
ceptibly rosy (Mandeville, fig. 30), to a bright rose (Pratville,
pi. 28, figs. 16, 17). The shells from MandeviUe and those
from Williamsfield, in Manchester (pi. 29, figs. 28, 29), are
typical.

A form apparently referable to typical U. ambigua (pi. 29,
fig. 27) occurs at Great Valley Estate, Hanover (C. B. Tay-
lor), in the area of U. zonata. The shells are a beautiful rose
color. About 14 or 15 whorls are deciduous, the first 2,y 2
being smooth. The earlier whorls are either pale or black.

136 UROCGPTIS OF JAMAICA.

The spire is shaped like that of U. procera. PI. 64, fig. 2, is
from a specimen in coll. G. H. Clapp.

There is a white form of this species (pi. 29, figs. 31, 32),
but its locality is unknown to me.

At Spur Tree Hill, Manchester (Henderson), a form occurs
(pi. 29, figs. 25, 26) varying in color from slightly olivaceous
dull yellow to deep carmine-rose, the basal keel weak, as usual,
often not developed on the first half of the base. A specimen
measures 23.7 x 6.8 mm., whorls 8y 2 . In color some of these
specimens approach U. procera.

(2) Var. MAGNA (C. B. Adams). PI. 28, figs. 1, 2, Spring
Garden, Trelawny; fig. 3, Cowick Park, Trelawny; fig. 4,
Aenon Town, N. border of Clarendon. Shell large and solid,
of various shades of rose, whorls about 8, convex, the last with
a faintly indicated keel only, rarely distinctly developed, and
sometimes scarcely visible.

Length 31, diam. 10 mm. ; whorls 8. Spring Garden.

Length 31.5, diam. 8.7 mm. ; whorls 8 l /2. Spring Garden.

Length 29.5, diam. 9.5 mm. ; whorls iy 2 . Spring Garden.

Length 30.5, diam. 11 mm. ; whorls iy 2 . Aenon Town.

Length 33.6, diam. 10 mm. ; whorls 9. Cowick Park.

C. rosea var. magna and var. major C. B. A., Contrib. no. 2,
p. 21. C. cylindrus Chemn., in part, PFR., Conchyl. Cab., pi.
1, f. 26, 27. SOWERBY, C. Icon., xx, pi. 2, f . 9 a, 9 &.

This race includes C. rosea var. major C. B. A. It inhabits
the high mountain region of the central part of the island,
area no. 8 b of map 2. Besides the localities mentioned above,
specimens also collected by Mr. Jar vis are before me from
Mile Gully, Manchester and Maroon Town, St. James. Pos-
sibly those from the latter locality may be referable to U.
zonata, as the shells are solid, brown with a pale sutural bor-
der, and a rather strong basal keel ; but the place is eastward
fi*om the well established range of zonata.

The more solid shell, roseate color and weak basal keel sep-
arate this variety from U. cylindrus.

C. B. Adams' original descriptions ( !) follow:

"Cylindrclla rosea Pfr. var. magna Ad. Length 1 inch;
breadth .34 inch.

UROCOPTIS OF JAMAICA. 137

"Cylindrella rosea Pfr. var. major Ad. Length 1.3 inch;
breadth .45 inch.

' ' Cylindrella rosea var. fortis. Shell as long as var. major,
but with less diameter and more cylindric. ' '

The variety FORTIS C. B. Ad. (pi. 28, fig. 5) is intermediate
between ambigua and magna in form and size. The figured
specimen (no. 33 c, coll. J. B. Henderson, Jr.) was from C. B.
Adams. It has the usual weak basal keel, and measures,
length 25.5, diam. 9.2 mm., and has 7 1 / 4 whorls. A series of
similar shells in the collection of the Academy indicates that
it is probably a local race ; but the locality is unknoAvri.

(3) Var. ELJZABETHENSIS Pils. & Jarvis. PI. 29, figs. 33, 34,
Bogue Estate, near Balaclava, St. Elizabeth, Jarvis. Shell
narrow and cylindric, the sutures scarcely impressed, tvhorls
nearly flat.

Length 25, diam. 7.3 mm. ; whorls 8. Bogue Estate. Type.

Length 22.3, diam. 7 mm.; whorls 8%. Hermitage, St.
Elizabeth.

Length 26, diam. 8 mm.; whorls 8^2- Hermitage, St.
Elizabeth.

This race is commonest in area 8 a of map 2, in St. Eliza-
beth.

15. U. CYLINDRUS (Chemnitz, Desh.). PI. 28, figs. 6, 7, 8, 9.

Shell cylindric, slowly tapering above and very broadly
truncate; thin; dark purple, sometimes with a bluish "Uoom"
like that of a plum, or varying toward rose-purple ; the surface
glossy, often with a silken lustre from the fine, smooth, close
and even striation. Whorls 7y 2 to 9, moderately convex, the
last free in front, usually with a strong, cord-like basal keel,
and conspicuously swollen at the shoulder, behind the aper-
ture. Aperture oblique, transversely oval, the peristome Isa-
bella tinted, expanded and broadly reflexed, the upper mar-
gin much less curved than the other margins, a shallow gutter
at the junction of the right with the basal margin. Internal
axis very slender and straight.

Length 27, diam. 8.2 mm.; whorls 9. Hills behind Blue-
fields.

138 UROCOPTIS OP JAMAICA.

Length 23, diam. 8.3 mm. ; whorls 7y 2 . Hills behind Blue-
fields.

Length 31, diam. 9.6 mm. ; whorls 9. Mulgrave.

Length 26.5, diam. 8.5 mm. ; whorls 8. Mulgrave.

Length 21, diam. 7 mm. ; whorls 7%.

Jamaica: From the cockpit country in S.-W. Trelawny to
the coast in eastern Westmoreland. Chiefly west of the area
occupied by the rose-colored forms, and east of that of U.
zonata. Map no. 2, area 11.

Turbo cylindrus CHEMNITZ, Conchyl. Cab., xi, p. 279, pi.
209, f. 2061, 2062 (1795). DILLWYN, Descript. Catal., ii, p.
862 (1817). Helix cylindrus WOOD, Index Testae., pi. 32, f.
113 a (copy from Chemn.). Pupa cylindra GRAY, Ann. of
Philos. (N. ser.), ix, p. 413. Pupa cylindrus DESK, in Lam.,
An. s. Vert, viii, p. 194 (1838), and in Fer., Histoire, ii, p.
224, pi. 164, f. 1, 2, 3. Cylindrella cylindrus Chemn., PFR.,
Symbolae, ii, p. 136 ; in Phil., Abbild., i, p. 185, pi. 1, f . 2, and
ii, p. 49, pi. 2, f. 11 (middle figure); Monogr., ii, p. 370;
Conch. Cab., p. 6, pi. 1, f. 15-17. GLOYNE, Journ. de Conchyl.,
xx, p. 35. IPupa purpurea auct. angl., GRAY, Annals of
Nat. Hist., v, p. 244, name only (1840). ICylindrella pro-
cera Ad., SOWERBY, Conch. Icon., xx, pi. 2, f. 14 (1872).

This royal species is the first-described member of the group
of large forms distributed throughout the interior of the
western half of Jamaica. It differs from the large roseate
forms chiefly in the stronger basal keel and the color, which,
though subject to wide variation, is always more or less purple.
The shell, moreover, is ordinarily much thinner, easily broken
through with the point of a pen-knife, while the roseate forms
are much stronger.

The figures and description of Deshayes first put the spe-
cies upon a scientific basis. Figs. 6, 7 illustrate the typical
form, the specimens being from Mulgrave, in N.-W. St. Eliz-
abeth (Henderson). Figs. 8, 9 are a slightly more slender
form from the hills behind Bluefields, on the south coast of
Westmoreland. Shells from Withorn (Henderson coll.) are
similar in shape, but of a finer purple color.

Sowerby's figures of cylindrus (C. Icon., xx, pi. 2, f. 9 a,
9 &) are probably U. ambigua magna.

UROCOPTIS OF JAMAICA. 139

Var. RUBELLA (C. B. Adams).

Related to P. cylindrus Desh., but the shell is smaller,
brighter red; spire more slender above; whorls lost 14, 8 re-
maining; lip thin, free from the penultimate whorl. Length
of truncated portion .43 inch; of remaining part .7, width .3
inch (C. B. A.).

Pupa rubella C. B. A., Proc. Bost. Soc. N. H., ii, p. 15
(1845). CyUndrella rubella C. B. A., Contrib. to Conch., p.
39, 110. 22; p. 183, no. 176.

This form has never been properly defined, and its status
remains uncertain. Adams in his first Catalogue bracketed
rubella with cylindrus, and in the Catalogue of 1851 placed it
between cylindrus and zonata, in both cases separating it from
the so-called rosea group of forms.

16. U. ZONATA (C. B. Adams). PI. 28, figs. 10-15; pi. 30, figs.

55, 56.

"Shell cylindric in the lower two-thirds, very robust; pink
with a tinge of brown or purple, with a pearl-white zone along
the suture; pale brown in the aperture; with an elegant silky
lustre produced by crowded, oblique, very fine strias. Spire
with the outlines convex in their upper half; apex truncate.
Whorls remaining 8, moderately convex, slightly margined on
the lower side, with a moderately impressed suture. Aperture
similar to that of C. rosea [ambigua], but more dilated in the
lower part of the left side, and with the lip less expanded.
Length 1.18, breadth .41 inch." (Adams) .

Jamaica: Interior of the parishes Hanover, Westmoreland
and southwestern St. James. Map no. 2, area 12.

CyUndrella zonata C. B. A., Contrib. to Conch., no. 9, p. 161
(April, 1851. PPR., Monogr., iii, p. 568; viii, p. 431. Sow-
ERBY, Conch. Icon., xx, pi. 2, f. 10 (1875).

"It resembles C. cylindrus, but differs in always having a
white zone and in being often tinged with brown ; it is much
more robust. The aperture of C. cylindrus is more like that
of C. rosea than of this shell." (Adams).

The internal pillar is moderately strong and nearly straight.
A similar white sutural border is occasionally present in U.

140 UROCOPTIS OF JAMAICA.

ambigua var. magna and var. elizabethensis.

Fig. 56 of pi. 30 represents a specimen from Adams, of the
typical pinkish-brown color; length 29, diam. 10 mm., whorls
7%. Fig. 11 is a purple-pink specimen, length 26.5, diam.
10.2 mm., whorls 7y 2 . According to Mr. Jarvis, the white
sutural band becomes more distinct in shells from the western
part of the range of the species.

Much smaller forms than those above noticed also occur.
Figs. 13, 14, 15 represent a series from Mackfield collected by
Mr. Jarvis. The shells are about 24 x 8 mm., with iy 2 to 8
whorls. Color a warm reddish chestnut (fig. 15) varying to
purplish pink-brown (fig. 14), the white band distinct, and to
a clear amethyst-purple (fig. 13) with narrow sutural band,
or even blue-purple, as in U. cylindrus. The purple forms at
this place appear as stragglers among the much commoner
pink-brown type. In everything but color the whole series is
practically alike. A few much smaller shells, doubtfully re-
ferable to U. dubia, are' also found with them, and I am some-
what disposed to consider them as merely small zonata (pi. 29,
fig. 20).

From the Great Valley Estate, Hanover, a series collected
by Mr. C. B. Taylor is before me (pi. 28, fig. 10). The shells
measure, length 24, diam. iy 2 to 8 mm., whorls 8. The color
is reddish purple-brown, dark or moderately pale, the white
band conspicuous. With them are specimens of a smaller,
more slender shell, pink in color, with a faint whitish sutural
band (pi. 29, fig. 27), which seem indistinguishable from the
typical U. ambigua, though west of the ordinary range of that
species.

Group of U. nobilior.

In U. nobilor the peristome is adnate above, in U. bacquie-
ana it is free. Otherwise the two species are somewhat
similar.

17. U. NOBILIOR (C. B. Adams). PI. 31, figs. 71-75.

Shell shortly rimate, cylindric-tapering, light yellowish-
brown, often slightly darker at the suture; shining, sharply

UROCOPTIS OF JAMAICA. 141

and finely, obliquely rib-striate. Whorls 8y 2 to IQi/o, some-
what convex, the last not free in front, with a distinct basal
earina, stronger on the latter half. Aperture slightly oblique.
subcircular, pale within ; peristome white or light, broadly
expanded and reflexed, adnate above. Internal pillar slender
and straight within each whorl. Young shell very long, slen-
der and gradually tapering, many-whorled, so that if retained
to the adult stage the shell would consist of over 20 whorls.

Length 31, diam. 9 mm. ; whorls 91/3.

Length 34, diam. 9 mm. ; whorls lO 1 /?.

Length 24, diam. 8 mm. ; whorls 8^/2-

Jamaica : Northeastern part of St. Catherine, at Bogivalk
(Henderson, Schumo, figs. 71, 72, 75) and Natural Bridge,
Riversdale.

Pupa nobilior C. B. AD., Proc. Bost. Soc. N. H., ii, p. 15
(1845). Cylindrella nobilior Ad., PFR., Monogr., iii, p. 567:
iv, 696; vi, 365. HENDERSON, Nautilus, viii, p. 19. Cylin-
drella binneyana C. B. Ad., PFR., in Philippi, Abbild., ii, p.
49, pi. 2, f. 11 (except middle fig.), 17; Monogr., ii, p. 373-
C. nobilior Adams, SOWERBY, Conch. Icon., xx, pi. 6, f. 53.

A strongly marked species, always pale colored, and differ-
ing from other species with the peristome adnate, by its
straight and slender internal column.

Cylindrella transaperta Sowerby (Conch. Icon., xx, pi. 9,
f. 77, 1875) seems to differ from U. nobilior chiefly in the
broader, less rounded aperture. It is thus described: "Shell
broad, subcylindrical, brownish, very finely striated; perma-
nent whorls 9 or 10, straight-sided, upper narrow ; last rather
square, with a long notch [rima] ; aperture transversely ob-
long, inner lip touching, thick, white. The inner margin of
the mouth touches the middle of the last whorl, across which
it is extended." Habitat unknown. Type in coll. Sowerby.
PI. 3, fig. 25, is a copy of the original figure.

18. U. BAQUIEANA (Chitty). PI. 35, figs. 39, 40, 41.

Shell cylindric-tapering, solid and strong, dingy light yel-
lowish with a dark dull red narrow border above and below
the suture, and a fainter reddish band above the basal keel ;

142 UROCOPTIS OP JAMAICA.

finely and closely rib-striate. Whorls 9y 2 (8y 2 to 10), mod-
erately convex, the latter half of the last having a strongly
pinched-up basal keel, becoming free in front. Aperture sub-
circular, oblique, usually somewhat guttered at the position
of the external keel ; the peristome broadly expanded and re-
flexed, white or brown-tinted, more or less angular at the ter-
mination of the basal keel. Internal axis straight and simple.

Length 36, diam. 9i/ 2 mm. ; whorls 9%.

Length 29, diam. 9 mm. ; whorls 8~y 2 .

Length 26, diam. 8 mm. ; whorls S 1 /^.

Jamaica: Durham (Chitty) and Good Hope (Jarvis), in
southeastern Trelawny. Map no. 2, area no. 9.

Cylindrella adamsiana CHITTY, Contributions to Conchology

[no. 1], p. 13 (October, 1853). Not C. adamsiana Pfr., 1851.

C. baquieana CHITTY, Ann. Lye. Nat. Hist, of N. Y., vi, p.

156 (October, 1855). PFR., Monogr., iv, p. 696; Conchyl.

Cab., p. 10, pi. 9, f. 9, 10.

This species stands near U. nobilior, but it differs conspicu-
ously in the continuous peristome, which is always carried
forward free of the preceding whorl. The typical form is
restricted in range to a small area near Ulster Spring, in south-
eastern Trelawny.

Subsp. PUDICA Pils. & Jarvis. PL 35, figs. 42-46.

Shell usually smaller, thin, dull rose colored, without a band
at the suture ; basal keel less strong than in baquicana.

Length 33, diam. 8.5 mm. ; whorls

Length 31, diam. 9 mm. ; whorls

Length 26, diam. 8.7 mm. ; whorls

Southeastern Trelawny and southwestern St. Ann; types
from Cave Valley, in the latter parish. Area no. 10 of map
no. 2.

This form occurs over a much larger area than baquicana,
Mr. Jarvis regarding the latter as a specialized local variety
of this more widely distributed race. In one specimen of the
type lot the peristome is shortly adnate above. The internal
pillar is straight and simple. Figures 42-45 are from Cave
Valley; fig. 46 is the form from Aenontown, in which the axis
is thicker.

UROCOPTIS OF JAMAICA. 143

Section Bactricoptis Pilsbry, 1903.

Shell small, cylindric-tapering, finely striate, with the last
whorl free, moderately keeled below. Axis simple and
straight or slightly sinuous. Dentition as in the large forms
of Urocoptis. Type U. rosea var. montana. (Bactricoptis, a
cut stiek.)

These snails occur in the mountainous interior of the west-
ern half of Jamaica, the region inhabited by the cylindrus
group, to which they are closely related, differing so far as
we know in little besides the greatly diminished size of the
shell. The species were formerly placed in the Cuban group
CochTodinella, but the dentition proves that position to be
erroneous, the very narrow central teeth, and numerous very
slowly diminishing laterals, clearly showing the relationship
with the other Jamaican forms of Urocoptis.

Key to Species.

1. Striation moderately fine, the striae on the last whorl
narrower than their intervals.

a. StriaB quite arcuate ; internal column twisted in the
last 3 or 4 whorls ; basal keel inconspicuous.

U. rosea, no. 19.

&. Striae finer; internal column straight; basal keel
strong. U. hollandi, no. 20.

2. Striation excessively fine and regular, the stria? as wide
as the intervals.

a. Somewhat variegated by streaks or patches ; whorls
10 or 11. U. hydrophana, no. 21.

6. Uniform pale brown or white, glossy; whorls 6 or
7. U. pupceformis, no. 22.

19. U. ROSEA (Pfeiffer). PL 34, figs. 24, 25, 26.

Shell cylindric-subfusiform, truncate, thin, diaphanous,
rose-colored, very minutely obliquely striate. AVhorls 10, a
little convex, the last very shortly built forward, base obso-
letely carinate. Aperture circular; peristome narrowly re-
flexed throughout. Length 16, diam. 5 mm.; aperture 3i/ 2
mm. wide (P/r.). Jamaica.

144 UROCOPTIS OF JAMAICA.

Cyl. rosca PFR., in Philippi, Abbild., i, p. 184, pi. 1, f. 3
(Dec., 1844) ; Monogr., ii, p. 374; Conchyl. Cab., p. 20, pi. 2,
f . 31, 32. Not C. rosea of C. B. Adams and subsequent Amer-
ican authors and collectors. Cyl. montana C. B. ADAMS,
Contrib. no. 2, p. 20 (Oct., 1849) . GLOYNE, J. de Conch., xx,
p. 36. SOWERBY, Conch. Icon., xx, pi. 5, f. 44. HENDERSON,
Nautilus, viii, p. 19, no. 80. Cyl. striata CHITTY, Contrib. to
Conch., p. 12 (Oct., 1853).

Pfeiffer's original description and figures are copied. The
name C. rosea was transferred by C. B. Adams to a species of
the U. cylindrus group, and the present species he described
as C. montana. Subsequent American and Jamaican authors
and collectors have followed this erroneous course. The type
of C. rosea Pfr. was slightly larger than specimens ordinarily
encountered, though the diameter given, "5 mill.," probably
was measured to the outside of the outer lip. The type of
C. montana measures 14.5 mm. long, 4.07 wide.

The species as ordinarily seen (pi. 34, figs. 22, 23, 27, 28)
varies in color from a beautiful rose tint to brownish-rose
and to white. The sculpture consists of regular, strongly
arcuate riblets, separated by intervals of about double their
width. The last whorl has a moderately conspicuous, wide,
obtuse basal keel, with a slight depression along each side.
The round aperture has a well-reflexed lip. The internal axis
is distinctly spiral within the lower three or four whorls,
straighter and more slender above (fig. 27).

Length 14.5, diam. 3.7 mm.; whorls 9y 2 .

Length 14.5, diam. 4 mm. ; whorls 9.

Length 15.5, diam. 3.4 mm. ; whorls 10y 2 .

Length 15.3, diam. 3.2 mm. ; whorls 9y 2 .

It occurs in the interior of St. Elizabeth, at Balaclava and
Troy (P. W. Jarvis), and at Wi thorn (Henderson) ; Mande-
ville, under stones (Gloyne).

Var. STRIATA (Chitty).

Like montdiKt, etc. Shell short and thick, subovate; pure
white, truncate apex deep gray. Coarsely set shining striae,
coarser than C. kydrophana and C. montana. Striae arcuate.

UROCOPTIS OF JAMAICA. 145

Keel on the last whorl scarcely perceptible. Spire with con-
vex outlines. Apex broadly truncate. Whorls left 9%, very
convex, not marginate; with a well-impressed suture. Aper-
ture produced, as in all this class. Lip nearly orbicular, re-
flected and thickened. Length .61, breadth .16 inch. Hab-
itat Burnt Plill Glade, Westmoreland (Chitty) .

This seems to be a western race of Adams' montana.

20. U. HOLLANDI (C. B. Adams). PL 34, figs. 35-39.

' ' Shell rather slender, cylindrical in the lower three-fourths,
slowly tapering above ; wax color ; with very minute crowded
transverse striae, and the anterior spiral keel not very promi-
nent; apex rather broadly truncate, with the loss of
whorls; whorls remaining ten, subplanulate, with a well-
impressed suture; aperture considerably produced beyond
the penult, whorl, between orbicular and trapezoidal, slightly
effuse by the canal within the anterior keel ; lip well expanded,
moderately reflected.

"Length .82 inch; breadth .18 inch." [20y 2 x4i/ 2 mm.]
(C. B. Ad.].

Jamaica: Balaclava, Ipswich and Troy, in the interior of
St. Elizabeth (P. W. Jarvis) ; Mulgrave, near Ipswich (J. B.
Henderson, Jr.).

Cyl. hollandi C. B. A., Contrib. no. 5, p. 82 (1850).-PFR.,
Monogr., iii, p. 570. SOWERBY, Conch. Icon., xx, pi. 9, f. 76.
Cyl. augustce C. B. A., t. c., p. 83 (1850). PFR., Monogr., iii,
p. 571. SOWERBY, Conch. Icon., xx, pi. 7, f. 63.

This species is usually larger than U. rosea, and its small
variety, montana; is much more finely striate, has a more
strongly projecting basal keel, and the internal column is
straight. The color varies from red-brown to white, but it is
usually light brown. Specimens measure:

Length 21.5, diam. 4.2 mm. ; whorls 10i/ 2 . Ipswich.

Length 15.5, diam. 4 mm. ; whorls 81/4. Balaclava.

Length 19, diam. 4 mm. ; whorls 10. Mulgrave.

Length 17.5, diam. 4 mm. ; whorls 9%. Mulgrave.

The figures are from Ipswich specimens. In the series
before me I do not find it practicable to separate C. augusta?
from hollandi. The description follows:

146 UKOUOPTIS OF JAMAICA.

C. augustcz. "Shell not very slender, cylindrical in the
lower three-fourths, slightly tapering above; pale wax color;
with very minute crowded transverse strife; anterior spiral
keel not very prominent ; apex broadly truncate, with the loss
of - whorls; whorls remaining nine, a little convex, with a
well-impressed suture; aperture moderately produced beyond
the penult, whorl, suborbicular, a little dilated at the left of
the upper side ; lip well expanded, moderately reflected. This
species is allied to the preceding, and to C. montana.

"Length .65 inch; breadth .17 inch." [1614x414 mm.]
(C.B.Ad.).

At Comfort Hall, Trelawny, Mr. Jarvis found a form sim-
ilar to hollandi in size and shape, but with the basal keel
weaker and the striation finer, though not quite as fine as in
U. hydrophana. Some specimens have the occasional dark
striaB of hydrophana. It is an intermediate race.

21. U. HYDROPHANA (Chitty). PL 34, figs. 19-21, 29-31.

Shell cylindric, the upper half slowly tapering; broadly
truncate; general color dingy brown, but under a lens the
strice are ivhitish except for irregular patches and occasional
narrow streaks, where they are dark like the intervals. Sur-
face glossy, the striation very fine and regular, strife being
much closer than in U. hollandi, and as ivide as the intervals.
Whorls 10 to lli/i>, but slightly convex, the last rounded below,
with only a weak keel, shortly produced forward. Aperture
somewhat oblique, circular ; peristome expanded and reflexed,
white, or brownish below, continuous. Internal axis straight.

Length 15.5, diam. 3.8 mm. ; whorls 11%. Manchester.

Length 14.6, diam. 4 mm. ; whorls 10. Manchester.

Length 15, diam. 3.5 mm. ; whorls 10. Chitty 's type.

Jamaica: Durham, ? Trelawny (Chitty) ; Manchester (coll.
A. N. S.).

Cyl. hydrophana CHITTY, Contrib. to Conch., p. 12 (1853).
-PFR., Monogr., iv, p. 699 ; Conchyl. Cab., p. 21, pi. 9, f . 3-5.

A rare species in collections, much more closely and finely
striate than U. hollandi, and remarkable for its patches or
streaks of darker striae. Figs. 19-21 are from Pfeiffer, but
fig. 29 shows better the fine striation and peculiar streaks.

UROCOPTIS OF HAITI. 147

22. U. PUP^EFORMIS (C. B. Adams). PI. 34, figs. 32-34.

Shell cylindric-fusiform, the upper half tapering; thin but
moderately solid ; light brown or white ; glossy, very regularly
and most minutely striate, the strice smooth, as wide as the
intervals, moderately arcuate. Whorls 6 to 7, moderately
convex,- the last laterally compressed, its last half having a
wide, bluntly rounded but rather strongly projecting basal
keel; free in front. Aperture oblique, subcircular, the peri-
stome expanded and broadly reflexed, white. Internal axis
slender and straight.

Length 14, diam. 3.5 mm. ; whorls 7.

Length 12, diam. 3.5 mm. ; whorls G 1 /^.

Jamaica: Ft. AVilliam, Westmoreland (Jarvis) ; Mulgrave,
St. Elizabeth (Henderson) ; Heavytree, in the extreme north
of Manchester (Crloyne).

Cyl. pupaforvds C. B. A., Contrib. no. 7, p. 102 (April,
1850). PFR., Monogr., iii, p. 572. SOWERBY, Conch. Icon.,
xx, pi. 16, f. 143. GLOYNE, Journ. de Conch., xx, 1872, p. 35.

The small number of whorls, brilliant gloss and very fine
striation are characteristic. The sculpture is even finer than
in U. liydrophana.

Subgenus AUTOCOPTIS Pilsbry, 1902.

Shell rather large for the genus, the axis straight or mod-
erately twisted, an accessory lamella (pi. 40, fig. 53) revolving
about and continued beyond its lower termination, sometimes
more or less completely united with the axis. Type U. moni-
lifera. Distribution, Haiti. (Autocoptis, self-cut or trun-
cated.)

The Haitian forms of the genus Urocoptis differ con-
spicuously from the Jamaican in general appearance, color-
ing, sculpture and the structure of the axial region within the
last whorl. The nepionic sculpture is unknown. As a general
rule, Jamaican species lose a far greater number of early
whorls than Haitian, in most of which the summit tapers
rapidly, and the truncation is narrow. The plug is in most
species narrowly tongue-shaped (pi. 40, fig. 47), but in a few
it is flat and steep (pi. 40, fig. 49) . There are also some tran-

148 UROCOPTIS OF HAITI.

sitions between these two kinds. It is commonly not exposed,
the open whorl persisting above it, while in Jamaican forms
the whorl is generally broken down to the plug in adult indi-
viduals.

The radula (p. 109) differs strongly from that of the
Jamaican species in the far greater width of the central teeth.

Key to Haitian Species.

I. Suture simple.

a. Rather large species, diam. 7-11, length 19-28 mm.

1. Diam. exceeding one-third the length; swol-
len, glossy, whitish and closely striate above,
reddish or blue and coarsely striate below,
dark brown inside. 251A-28 x 10-11 mm.

U. gruneri, no. 32.

2. Diam. exceeding one-third the alt. ; oblong,
lustreless, flesh colored, finely, distinctly rib-
striate throughout; peristome continuous and
free. 25 x 9 mm. U. guigouana, no. 33.

3. Diam. equal to or exceeding one-third the
length ; riblets very strongly arcuate, stronger
near the sutures ; flesh colored. 19-23 x 7-8
mm. U. arcuata, no. 34.

4. Diam. about one-third the length, more or
less; weakly striate; glossy; transparent-
whitish, or brown above; peristome adnate
above, or almost free. U. sericca, no. 31.

&. Small ovate-oblong species, length about 15, diam.
4 to 5 mm.

1. Clear reddish-brown, glossy, with close arcu-
ate striae and low spiral lirae; peristome con-
tinuous. U. tumidula, no. 35.

2. Brownish flesh-colored, closely thread-costu-
late, the riblets wavy; peristome continuous,
in contact above. U. innata, no. 36.

II. Suture crenulate or with a bordering series of pits or
bosses, sometimes very small, and on the upper whorls
only.

UROCOPT1S OF HAITI. 149

a. Shell dull, sculptured with very fine waved or
interrupted strias, with a series of pits above the
suture.

1. Basal keel very strongly projecting; peri-
stome hardly expanded.

Archegocoptis eximia.

2. Basal keel moderate, cord-like; peristome
well expanded. Archegocoptis crenata.

&. Shell widely truncate, glossy, striatulate, the mid-
dle whorls with a band. 30 x 11 mm., whorls 6.

U. truncata, no. 30.

c. Surface punctate, the earlier and last whorls
striate.

1. Peristome adnate above; diam. about one-
third the length; whorls iy 2 to 9. 14-15 x

/-J mm., U. adamsiana, no. 26 ; 18-20 x
/o mm., U. a. puncturata.

2. Peristome free; diam. less than one-third the
length; no distinct accessory basal lamella.
28-31 x 8 mm., whorls 9-10.

U. mallcata, no. 27.

d. Surface glossy, almost smooth or closely, finely
striate ; white with corneous or brown stripes.

1. Diam. one-third the length or less; suture
crenate only weakly and on the cone; axis
strongly twisted; peristome adnate above.
25-28 x 8 mm. U. ftammulata, no. 28.

2. Diam. exceeding one-third the length; finely
striate; axis nearly straight; peristome free
or shortly adherent above. 30-32 x 10y 2 -liy 2
mm . U. mcnkeana, no. 29.

e. Surface sharply sculptured with arcuate thread-
like strise, the suture conspicuously crenate ; diam.
about one-third the length. U. monilifera, no. 23 ;
U. klatteana, no. 25 ; U. rudis, no. 24.

23. U. MONILIFERA (Pfeiffer). PI. 40, figs. 49-54.

Shell fusiform or somewhat cylindric, usually widest above

150 UROCOPTIS OF HAITI.

the middle, the upper third strongly tapering to a narrow
truncation; the terminal plug nearly flat and vertical. Sur-
face lustreless, pale brown, streaked with white, sculptured
with close, arcuate, thread-like white striae, which unite by
twos or threes into raised white nodules along below the
suture. Whorls S l / 2 to 11, slightly convex, the last very
shortly or not free in front, pinched into a very strong cord-
like keel beneath. Aperture obliquely short-oval, angular at
the outer-basal part, channelled within; the peristome con-
tinuous and free or barely in contact' above. Internal axis
somewhat twisted throughout; in the last whorl a spiral la-
mella revolves close to its root, extending more than a whorl
inward, its lower end visible in the aperture as a low white
fold.

Length 21, diam. 7.3 mm. ; whorls 9.

Length 21.5, diam. 6.2 mm. ; whorls 11.

Length 19, diam. 6 mm.; whorls 9 (Pfeiffer's type).

Haiti: Rep. of S. Domingo, at Azua and Las Charcas (A.
Salle) ; Rep. Haiti, at Thomazeau (Henderson & Simpson).

Cyl. monilifera PFR., Zeitschr. f. Malak., 1850, p. 74; P. Z.
S., 1851, p. 148 ; Conchyl. Cab., p. 10, pi. 2, f. 1-3 ; Monogr.,
iii, p. 568. CROSSE, Journ. de Conchyl., 1891, p. 140.

The suture is white-beaded below, and the end of the apical
plug flattened, as in U. adamsiana, but the thread-like strice
and continuous peristome of U. monilifera readily differen-
tiate the two species. The accessory basal lamella is much
longer than in U. adamsiana. The empty whorl generally
persists some distance beyond the terminal plug, which is
usually not visible without breaking away a portion.

24. U. RUDIS (Weinland).

Shell rirnate, truncate, slightly diaphanous, fleshy- whitish ;
irregularly and rudely crispate, with close, whitish, undu-
lating, sometimes confluent stria?. Suture crenated with
sparse, rather coarse lobules. Whorls remaining 9, rather
flat, the last hardly narrower than the preceding, slightly
produced, angulated by a compressed, denticulate keel.
Aperture a little oblique, nearly circular, a little straightened

UROCOPTIS OF HAITI. 151

above; peristome white, continuous, a little expanded and a
little reflexed throughout, appressed above. Length 18 l / 2 ,
diam. 6 mm. ; aperture with perist. 5 mm. long and wide
(Weinl).

Haiti: Republic of S. Domingo (Newcomb; in Bland coll.).

Cyl. )-udis WEINL., Jahrb., d. D. Malak. Ges., vii, 1880, p.
358.

"This species also belongs in the group Urocoptis, near C.
tumidula W. & M. " (Weinl.). Systematic position doubtful.
It has not been figured.

25. U. KLATTEANA (Weinland).

Shell shortly rimate, ovate-cylindrical, truncate, a little
shining, closely and regularly arcuate-striate ; whitish, irregu-
larly and sparsely ornamented with longitudinal corneous
streaks; suture little impressed, elegantly and closely crenu-
late. Whorls remaining 10, rather flat, the base provided
with a narrow cord-like keel. Aperture slightly oblique, sub-
circular, somewhat channelled in the base; peristome contin-
uous, white, a little expanded throughout, reflexed above.
Length 22, diam. in the middle 6y 2 , aperture with peristome
5 mm. long and wide ( Weinl.} .

Haiti: Port au Prince (Klatte; type in Bland coll.).

Cyl. klatteana WEINL., Jahrb. d. D. Malak. Ges., vii, 1880,
p. 357.

"Belongs to the group Urocoptis Beck, near C. adamsiana
Pfr." (Weinl). It must resemble U. monilifera rather
closely. The unique specimen has not been figured.

26. U. ADAMSIANA (Pfeiffer). PL 40, figs. 42-46, 48.

Shell cylindric-oblong, the upper third or fourth rapidly
tapering; corneous, variegated with white in streaks and a
fine net-work, and usually with a row of white raised spots
below the suture. Frequently the upper half of the shell is
roseate. Summit truncate. Surface glossy, densely punc-
tate, the last whorl and earlier whorls irregularly rib-striate.
Whorls usually 7y 2 to 9, flat, the last pinched into a strong
basal keel. Aperture slightly oblique, rounded, the peri-

IT)!! UROCCPTIS OP HAITI.

stome refiexed, its upper margin wholly aclnate to the preced-
ing whorl. Internal axis a moderately twisted, tapering col-
umn ; within the right side and back of the last whorl it is
encircled by a rather strong, obtuse lamella.

Length 15.5, diam. 5 mm. ; whorls S 1 /^.

Length 15.5, diam. 5.5 mm. ; whorls T 1 /^.

Length 19, diam. 6 mm. ; whorls 9. Puncturata.

Length 20, diam. 6.2 mm. ; whorls S 1 /^- Puncturata.

Haiti: Charcas, in the Dominican Republic (Salle); Bar-
rera, in the same portion (Salle, C. puncturata).

Cyl. adamsiana PFE., P. Z. S., 1851, p. 148 ; Monogr., iii,
p. 566; Conchyl. Cab., p. 11, pi. 2, f. 4-6. SOWERBY, Conch.
Icon., xx, pi. 2, f. 16. CROSSE, Journ. de Conchyl., 1891, p.
140, pi. 4, f. 3. Cyl. puncturata PFR., P. Z. S., 1852, p. 141;
Conchyl. Cab., p. 12, pi. 2, f. 7-9 ; Monogr., iii, p. 567. SOWB.,
C. Icon., xx, pi. 3, f. 24. CROSSE, J. de C., 1891, p. 141, pi. 4,
f. 4.

Readily known by its adnate peristome, punctured surface,
white-beaded suture and small size. Pfeiffer's C. puncturata
has no distinguishing character except slightly greater size,
the type measuring 18 mm. long, 6% wide, with 9 whorls,
while the original measurements of adamsiana were 14 to
151/2 nun. long, 5 mm. wide, with 8 to 9 whorls. The speci-
mens before me show no differences except in size.

27. U. MALLEATA (Pfeiffer). PI. 40, figs. 39, 40, 41, 47; pi.
41, fig. 59 ; pi. 38, figs. 8, 9, 10, 11.

Shell cylindric, the upper third or fourth tapering to the
narrow, concave truncation, the plug long and tongue-shaped.
Surface glossy, white, uniform or sparsely variegated with
fleshy- or corneous-brown streaks, sculptured with regular,
fine strige on the terminal cone, with minute pits on the cylin-
drical portion, passing into striae again towards the base of
the last whorl. Whorls 9-10, but slightly convex, weakly
crenate below the suture, the last whorl having a cord-like keel
at the base, hardly free in front. Aperture rounded, chan-
nelled within at the position of the keel; peristome well re-
flexed, continuous and free. Internal column (pi. 41, fig. 59)

UROCOI'TIS OF HAITI. 153

nearly straight, very weakly twisted, the short "accessory
lamella" united with it.

Length 28, diam. 8 mm. ; whorls 9.

Length 31, diam. 8 mm.; whorls 10 (Pfeiffer's type).

Haiti : Rincon Barahona, in the Republic of S. Domingo
(A. Salle).

Cyl malleata PFR., P. Z. S., 1852, p. 140 ; Monogr., iii, p. 567.
SOWERBY, Conch. Icon., xx, pi. 16, f. 138. CROSSE, Journ.
de Conchyl., 1891, p. 139, pi. 3, f. 4. C. menkeana CROSSE,
t. c., pi. 3, f. 5 (?).

This species is much narrower than U. menkeana, and punc-
tured instead of striate. U. flammulata is very closely related,
but it is smoother, with the peristome adnate above.

28. U. FLAMMULATA (Pfeiffer). PL 41, figs. 55-58.

Shell subcylindric, the upper third or fourth tapering to
a narrow truncation, terminal plug long and tongue-like.
Surface glossy, almost smooth, except the latter part of the
last whorl, the basal keel and the first whorl or two, which are
striate. Color broivn or corneous-brown and ivliite, in alter-
nate stripes, more or less irregular. Whorls 8 to 10, almost
flat, the last having a cord-like keel beneath, not free in front.
Aperture rounded, brown in the throat; peristome white, ex-
panded and reflexed, adnate above for a short distance. In-
ternal axis rather strongly twisted, dilated at its base in the
last whorl.

Length 25, diam. 8 mm. ; whorls 8.

Length 28, diam. 7.3 mm. ; whorls 9.

Length 28, diam. 8 mm. ; whorls 10 (Pfeiffer's type).

Haiti : Salinas, Cerro de Sal, in the Republic of S. Domingo
(A. Salle).

Cyl. flammulata PFR., P. Z. S., 1852, p. 141, pi. 13, f. 8.-
Monogr., iii, p. 566 ; Novit. Conch., p. 138, pi. 97, f . 28, 29 1
SOWERBY, Conch. Icon., xx, pi. 2, f. 8. CROSSE, J. de C., 1891,
p. 142, pi. 3, f. l.C. planulata Pfr., ALBERS, Die Hel., 1860,
p. 36 (typographical error).

Allied to U. malleata, but nearly smooth, with more varied
coloring, more twisted axis, and adnate peristome. The ac-

154 UROCOPTIS OF HAITI.

cessory lamella in both species is quite short, and so com-
pletely united with the base of the axis that it appears only
as a dilation of the latter.

There are more or less distinct traces of punctures and stri-
ation on the last whorl, in U. flammidata, and the suture
usually shows a faint and spaced crenation above.

29. U. MENKEANA (Pfeiffer). PI. 38, figs. 12, 13, 14, 15.

Shell oblong, rather obese, thin, the upper third or fourth
tapering rapidly to a narrow concave truncation, closed by a
tongue-shaped plug, often concealed. Surface glossy, white,
variegated with corneous-brown streaks; under the lens seen
to be closely and finely striated. Whorls 7!/o to 10, slightly
convex, the suture regularly and closely crenate on the cone,
obsoletely so on the later whorls. Last whorl a trifle free in
front, having a cord-like keel below. Aperture large, white
inside, rounded; peristome expanded and reflexed, continuous
and free, or shortly adherent. Axis nearly straight, a little
twisted, especially above, having a slight prominence in the
middle in the last whorl.

Length 32, diam. 11.5 mm.

Length 31, diam. 12 mm. (Pfeiffer's type).

Length 30, diam. 10.5 mm.

Haiti: Neyba, in the Republic of S. Domingo (Salle).

Cyl. menkeana PPR., P. Z. S., 1852, p. 140, pi. 13, f. 7;
Monogr., iii, p. 564 ; Conchyl. Cab., p. 4, pi. 1, f . 7, 8. CROSSE,
Journ. de Conch., 1891, p. 139.

Larger, thinner and more obese than any of the related
forms, the diameter more than one-third the length. The
"accessory lamella" is completely united with the columella,
forming merely a slight prominence thereon. Pfeiffer states
that a perfect specimen has 14 whorls (pi. 38, figs. 14, 15).
It is usually decollate, as in fig. 13. The peristome may be
either adherent above (as in fig. 12) or very shortly free.

30. U. TRUNCATA (Dillwyn). PL 39, figs. 27, 28.

Shell subrimate, truncate, cylindrical, thin (becoming thick
and solid with age), whitish, striatulate, glossy; suture ere-

UROCOPTIS OF HAITI. 155

nate; whorls 6, a little convex, the middle ones broadly ono-
banded with purple-brown; last whorl slightly free, carinate
dorsally. Aperture oblique, subcircular, the peristome
slightly reflexed. Length 30, diam. 11 mm.; diam. aperture
8mm. (P/r.).

Haiti': Corail, near Jeremie, a single rolled shell in a water
course (Weinland).

Helix decollata et fasciata CHEMNITZ, Conchyl. Cab., ix, p.
187, pi. 186, f. 1256, 1257 (1786). Helix fasciata FER.,
Prodr., p. 61, no. 503 (1822?). Cyclostoma fasciata LAM.,
An. s. Vert,., vi, pt. 2, p. 146 (April, 1822) ; edit. Desh., viii,
p. 358. DESH., Encyl. Meth., ii, p. 42. Cyclostoma ? fasci-
atum SOWB., Thesaurus Conchyl., i, p. 108, pi. 24, f. 65 (1843).
Siphonostoma fasciata SWAINS, Malacol., p. 333. Cylin-
drclla fasciata PFR., in Phil., Abbild., ii, p. 48, pi. 2, f. 7;
Conchyl. Cab., p. 3, pi. 1, f . 5, 6 ; Monogr., ii, p. 369 ; iii, 565 ;
iv, 692; vi, 360; Malak. Bl., ix, p. 199 (occurrence at Corail).
-CROSSE, Journ. de Conchyl., 1891, p. 134. Helix truncata
DILLWYN, Descriptive Catal. of Recent Shells, ii, p. 948
(1817) ; Wood Index, Testae., pi. 34, f. 136. Pupa truncata
GRAY, Ann. of Philos. (n. s.), ix, p. 413. Cerion decapi-
tatum BOLTEN, Mus. Bolt, p. 90, no. 1172 (1798) ;_ second
edit., p. 64.

This seems to be the first Haitian species of the family
noticed by any writer on natural history. Chemnitz gave a
good description in 1786, and Favanne, six years earlier, illus-
trated it. The shell was known to them to be from
Domingue;" but for nearly a century later it was not re-
discovered, and is now excessively rare. The locality is ap-
parently the mountains of the southwestern peninsula of
Haiti, the single specimen found by Weinland having prob-
ably been washed down in a stream.

31. U. SERICEA (Pfeiffer). PI. 41, figs. 60, 61.

Shell deeply rimate, subcylindrical, truncate, rather solid,
very finely striatulate, silky, diaphanous, hyaline-whitish,
brownish above, the suture marked with a white thread.
Whorls remaining 9, narrow, subequal, a trifle convex, the

156 UROCOPTIS OF HAITI.

last not protracted, provided with a cord-like keel at the base.
Aperture suboblique, nearly circular, channelled at the base;
peristome white, expanded, a little reflexed, adherent above.
Length 26, diam. 8% mm. ; aperture with perist. 6~y 2 mm. long,
7 wide (Pfr.).

Haiti: Port Gonaives (Rolle, Kissling).

Cyl. sericea PFR., P. Z. S., 1849, p. 134 ; Monogr., iii, p. 565.
CROSSE, Journ. de Conch., 1891, p. 143, pi. 3, f. 2.C. s.
var. kisslingiana WEINLAND, Jahrb. d. D. Malak. Ges., vii,
1880, p. 359, pi. 12, f . 15 ; var. major WEINL. 1. c. Cyl. eugenii
DOHRN, Malak. BL, vi, 1859, p. 205. PFR., Monogr., vi, p.
361. CROSSE, J. de C., 1891, p. 144, pi. 3, f. 3.

The original description is given above. The figures are
from Crosse, and represent specimens from Gonaives, col-
lected by Rolle.

The species is evidently variable, and doubtless a number
of local races exist, several of which have been named.

Specimens collected by RoUe in 1888 (pi. 39, figs. 32, 33)
are milky- white (showing the dried soft parts through blue
or blue-black), very glossy and almost smooth in the median
whorls, distinctly striate on the cone and the last half of the
last whorl. The plug at the summit is tongue-shaped. The
axis is moderately twisted throughout, and the short accessory
lamella is distinct. There is no brown tint above. The peri-
stome is interrupted above.

Length 23, diam. 7% mm. ; whorls

Length 20.7, diam. 8 mm. ; whorls

I have figured the teeth of one of this lot, pi. 50, figs. 9, 10.

Var. laferrierensis nov. Numerous shells in coll. J. B.
Henderson (pi. 41, figs. 62, 63), collected by him at La Fer-
riere, are more slender, corneous with a brownish tint, which
is often stronger on the upper half; sculpture of low arcuate
riblets, very much better developed than in Rolle 's shells.
The axis also is less twisted, and the accessory lamella less
developed. The peristome is almost continuous or even
slightly free above. The apical plug is very short and convex,
but as in the preceding form, the whorl does not break off
down to the plug, which is therefore concealed. The whorls
are moderately convex.

UROCOPTIS OF HAITI. 157

Length 22, diam. 6.7 mm. ; whorls 8.

Length 23.5, diam. 6.7 mm. ; whorls 9.

Length 25, diam. 7 mm. ; whorls 9.

This is a narrower shell than sericea or eugenii, and with
the peristome less adherent above. The short plug is also
probably characteristic, but this has not been described in the
types of sericea, eugenii or kisslingiana.

Var. eugenii (Dohrn). PL 39, figs. 34, 35, after Crosse.
Shell deeply rimate, subcylindrical, tapering above, truncate;
livid hyaline, thin, obliquely striate, the suture submarginate.
Whorls remaining 8, nearly flat, the last rounded, anteriorly
angular on the back, compressed-carinate in the middle,
roughly striate on the base and behind the peristome. Aper-
ture subvertical, subcircular; peristome white, expanded and
a little reflexed throughout, shortly adherent in front.
Length 25, diam. 8 mm. ; apert. with peristome 6 mm. long
and wide (Dohrn}. Northwestern Haiti (Dr. Eugene Vesco).

Var. kisslingiana Weinland (pi. 41, fig. 64). Shell rimate,
oblong- cylindrical, truncate, smooth, very finely striatulate,
more distinctly so above and below, glossy, diaphanous whit-
ish, roseate above, the suture indistinct, white-margined.
Whorls remaining 8 l / 2 to 9 l / 2 , nearly flat, three or four median
ones equal, the last one narrower, appressed, base with a cord-
like keel. Aperture nearly vertical, subcircular, obsoletely
channelled in the base ; peristome a little expanded, thickened,
reflexed, resting upon the penult, whorl, sometimes inter-
rupted there. Internal column simply twisted, without la-
mellse. Length 29-30, diam. above the middle 9-9!/4., apert.
with perist. 7 mm. (Weinl.).

Gonaives, Haiti (Kissling).

Var. major Weinl. Whorls 10y 2 ; length 37, diam. above
middle 10 mm. (Weinl.). A single specimen found with var.
kisslingiana.

32. U. GRUNERI (Bunker). PI. 39, figs. 16, 17, 18, 19.

Shell oblong, widest at the penult, whorl, the last three
whorls wide, those above rapidly tapering to the narrow con-
cave truncation; solid and strong except near the aperture,

158 UROCOPTIS OF HAITI.

the lip being fragile; whitish above, the last whorl bluish,
several preceding whorls often livid reddish. Surface glossy,
closely striate, the striae smooth, subvertical and somewhat
wider than the intervals, much coarser and arcuate on the last
whorl. Whorls 7, but slightly convex, the last having a low,
cord-like keel in the middle of the base ; shortly free or not so
in front. Aperture transversely oval, dark brown inside ;
peristome broadly expanded and reflexed, white, continuous
and free, or adnate above to the preceding whorl. Internal
column slightly twisted spirally, perceptibly dilated in the
last whorl.

Length 28, diam. 11, diam. aperture 8-9 mm. (Pfr., type).

Length 28, diam. 11 mm. ; whorls 6y 2 . Gonave I.

Length 25.5, diam. 10 mm. ; whorls T 1 /^. Gonave I.

Length 30, diam. 11 mm. ; whorls 7%. St. Mark.

Length 27, diam. 11 mm. ; whorls 7. St. Mark.

Length 28, diam. 10 mm. ; whorls 7. St. Mark.

Haiti: Port au Prince (Dkr.) ; St. Mark (Henderson &
Simpson) ; Gonave Island (J. J. Brown, Weinland).

Cyl. gruneri DUNKER, in Philippi, Abbild., i, p. 185, pi. 1,
f. 20 (December, 1844) .PFR., Monogr., ii, p. 370; Conchyl.
Cab., p. 5, pi. 1, f. 11, 12. WEINLAND, Jahrb. d. D. Malak.
Ges., vii, 1880, p. 362. CROSSE, Journ. de Conch., 1891, p. 135.

The livid blue color and strong striation of the last whorl
are characteristic. Dunker's type (pi. 39, figs. 18, 19) had
the aperture nearly circular, but in the specimens I have seen
it is wider than high, the upper margin being more or less
straightened. In the shells seen from Gonave Island the
peristome is free throughout. In four shells in a series of
ten from St. Mark, J. B. Henderson coll., it is adnate for a
short distance above.

U. gruneri is more swollen than guigouana (which is rather
cylindric) ; the last whorl tapers more, and is livid or bluish
between white strias, while guigouana is dull reddish through-
out, or paler at the last whorl. U. gruneri is a glossy shell,
with the striation becoming coarser on the last whorl, while
guigouana is lustreless, with little or no change in the stri-
ation.

UROCOPTIS OF HAITI. 159

33. U. GUIGOUANA (Petit). PI. 39, figs. 20, 21.

Shell oblong-fusiform, a little swollen in the middle, rather
solid, the spire tapering, apex decollate. Whorls 10 to 13,
finely and regularly rib-striate, the upper whitish-rose, the
lower somewhat brownish ; last whorl provided with an obtuse
keel afthe base. Aperture subcircular, the peristome white,
expanded, a little reflexed. Length 30, diam. 11 mm. (Petit).

Haiti: S. Domingo (Dr. Guigou) ; Gonave Island, in the
mountains near the coast, on the east side (Dr. J. J. Brown,
types of C. mabuja) ; Jereniie and Miragoane (Rolle, types of
C. strohmi.

Cyl. guigouana PETIT de la SAUSSAYE, Journ. de Conchyl.,
vii, 1859, p. 285, pi. 10, f. 5. PPR., Monogr., vi, p. 359.-
CROSSE, J. de C., 1891, p. 136, pi. 1, f. 3. C. gouigouana
MART., in Alb., Die Hel., p. 37. Cyl. matin ja WEINLAND.
Jahrb. d. m. Ges., vii, 1880, p. 362, pi. 12, f. 16. Cyl. strohmi
MALTZAN, Nachr'bl. d. m. Ges., xx, 1888, p. 177. CROSSE, J.
de C., 1891, p. 136, pi. 1, f. 4.

The type is in the collection of the Journal de Conchyli-
ologie. The striae are represented much too faintly in my
figures 20 and 21, which were copied from the figures of the
type specimen. The original description is given above.

Crosse, who figured an original specimen, has already re-
marked that C. strohmi (pi. 39, figs. 22, 23) differs from the
type of guigouana only in having the peristome carried for-
ward free of the preceding whorl, while in guigouana it is
adherent above. In this respect strohmi is like mabuja (pi.
39, figs. 24, 25, 26), of which eight specimens of the original
lot are before me. Perhaps mabuja can be retained as a
variety, characterized by the free peristome; strohmi becom-
ing a synonym of it ; but in the related U. gruneri this char-
acter is merely an individual variation.

In Gonave Island specimens the last 3 whorls are of about
equal diameter, or the antepenult, may be slightly wider;
above this the shell tapers rapidly to the small concave trun-
cation. The sculpture is a close, even, arcuate, rib-striation,
not coarser on the last whorl. The surface is dull or but
slightly glossy, dull light red-brown or pinkish-purple, and

160

UROCOPTIS OF HAITI.

either uniform or marked into squarish blocks by brown
streaks at intervals. The last whorl has a cord-like basal keel.
The axis is slightly twisted, as in U. gruneri, at its root en-
circled by and passing into a short accessory lamella. Speci-
mens measure :

Length 26.5, diam. 9.6 mm. ; whorls iy 2 .

Length 24.6, diam. 9.3 mm. ; whorls 7.

Length 25, diam. 8.8 mm. ; whorls 8.

The C. strohmi of Maltzan and its "var. " acupicta are
similarly colored, and measure :

Length 32, diam. 10 mm.; Avhorls 8-9 (strohmi).

Length 18-20, diam. 7 mm. (var. acupicta).

34. U. ARCUATA (Weinland & Martens). PI. 39. figs. 29, 30,
31 ; pi. 40, figs. 36, 37, 38.

Shell oblong-cylindric, the last whorl tapering, next earlier
4 whorls of about equal diameter, or the third or fourth from
the last may be slightly wider, those above tapering rapidly.
Surface nearly lustreless, flesh-colored, sculptured with white,
very strongly arcuate riblets, which are much stronger and
often joined in pairs near the sutures, occasionally split or
discontinuous in the middle of the whorl, and are often more
or less obsolete below the basal keel. The summit is narrowly
and concavely truncate. Wliorls 7 to 8, somewhat convex,
the suture impressed; last whorl typically shortly free in
front, having a strong basal keel, crenulated by the striae.
Aperture transversely oval, the peristome broadly expanding,
reflexed. Internal column slightly twisted.

Length 20.5, diam. 7 mm. ; whorls 7^.

Length 22, diam. 8 mm. (W. & M. type).

Length 23, diam. 7.3 mm. ; whorls 8.

Haiti: Neighborhood of Jeremie (Dr. Weinland, J. B. Hen-
derson).

Cyl. arcuata W. & M., v. MARTENS, Malak. Blatt., vi, 1859,
p. 53. PPR., Monogr., vi, p. 360; Novit. Conch., p. 257, pi. 65,
f. 1, 2. SOWERBY, Conch. Icon., pi. 6, f. 49. CROSSE, J. de C.,
1891, p. 137, pi. 1, f. 8, 8 a.

The typical form from Jeremie is nearly cylindrical, as in

UROCOPTIS OF HAITI. 161

pi. 40, fig. 38, and pi. 39, figs. 29, 30. A shorter form, more
bulging above, and with somewhat stronger sculpture (pi. 40,
figs. 36, 37), has been figured by Pfeiffer and Sowerby, and is
represented in the collection of the Academy. Its locality is
unknown. In this form the peristome is sometimes adnate to>
the preceding whorl above. Specimens measure :

Length 19.5, diam. 7.6 mm. ; whorls iy 2 .

Length 19, diam. 8 mm.; whorls 6 1 -.

U. arcuata is much smaller than U. guigo liana, with more
arcuate and irregular riblets.

35. U. TUMIDULA (Weinl. & Mart.). PI. 41, figs. 71, 72.

Shell closed-rimate, ovate-oblong, terminating above in a
short, concave cone, generally truncate; diaphanous, reddish-
brown, glossy, reticulated with close arcuate strias and shallow
spiral line; suture simple, slightly impressed; whorls of an
entire shell about 15, of a truncate shell 8, rather flat, the last
with a thread-like keel roughened by the striae passing over it ;
shortly produced. Aperture subcircular, transversely di-
lated, the peristome expanded throughout, flexuous, white,
continuous. Length of an entire shell about 19, of a trun-
cate one 15 ; diam. above the middle 5 mm. ; aperture with
perist. 4 mm. (v. Mart.}.

Haiti: Neighborhood of Jeremie (Weinland).

Cyl. tumidula W. & M., MARTENS, Malak. Bl., vi, 1859, p.
54. PFR., Novit. Conch., p. 261, pi. 65, f. 16, 17 ; Monogr., vi,
p. 370 C. fumidula Weinl., ALBERS, Die Hel., 1860, p. 37.

Somewhat doubtfully referred to this subgenus. It is
known to me by the above description only.

36. U. INN ATA (Weinland). PI. 41, figs. 65, 66.

Shell closed-rimate, ovate-oblong, solid, brownish flesh-
colored; closely thread-costate, the riblets wavy; spire trun-
cate, the apex a little acute, suture simple. Whorls of a trun-
cate shell 8 to 9, a little convex, the last whorl adnate in front,
very little free, compressed, with a high crest, the crest and
base within it whitish. Aperture oblique, nearly circular;
peristome continuous, white, narrowly expanded, little thick-

UROCOPTIS, S. G. ARANGIA.

ened, resting upon the preceding whorl. Length 15-16, diam.
4-5 mm.; apert. with perist. 4 mm. (Weinl.}.

Haiti: Jeremie (Weinland).

Cyl. innata WEINL., Malak. Bl., xxiii, 1876, p. 170, pi. 2,
f. 1, 2. PFR., Monogr., viii, p. 621.

'In general appearance it is nearly related to C. tumidula
W. & M., but differs by the adnate last whorl and peristome,
besides the opacity of the more solid, lustreless shell, and the
much stronger, less numerous, white, irregular ribs, which
recall the large C. arcuata."

Subgenus ARANGIA Pilsbry & Vanatta, 1898.

P. & V., Proc. A. N. S. Phila. 1898, pp. 270, 275. Type
U. sowerbyana (Pfr.).

Urocoptis with a single strong, smooth spiral lamella re-
volving about the axis, median in each whorl, sometimes
obscurely double in some lower whorls. Last whorl carinate
beloiv, shortly or not free in front. (Named for Rafael
Arango y Molina.)

Eastern Cuba and Gonave Island, Haiti. This group of
but two species is probably related to Idiostemma, but the
dentition is still unknown. U. monticola, the Haitian species,
may prove, when the dentition is examined, to belong near
Amphicosmia. The shape of the base is unusual in Urocoptis.

37. U. SOWERBYANA (Pfeiffer). PI. 44, figs. 22, 23, 24.

Shell cylindric-tapering, narrowly truncate, rather solid,
pale brown, usually with some inconspicuous whitish streaks.
Surface lustreless, sculptured with fine, nearly straight or
subarcuate riblets, narrower than their intervals, and often
a little stronger near the sutures. Whorls 15-16, narrow,
convex, the last very shortly or not free in front, carinate at
the periphery, ivhich forms nearly a right angle, the base
being flattened, only slightly convex. Aperture transversely
oval or subcircular; peristome thin, expanded throughout,
usually free, but sometimes shortly adnate above. Axis bear-
ing a very strong median ascending lamella, acute above,
round-edged below, and subobsolete in the last whorl.

UROCOPTIS, S. G. ARANGIA. 163

Length 35, diam. 8 mm. (Pfeiffer's type).

Length 35.5, diam. 7 mm., whorls 16.

Length 32, diam. 6.3 mm., whorls 14y 2 .

Eastern Cuba: Various localities in Guantanamo district,
the typical form at Monte Libano (Gundlach).

Cyl. sowerbya-na PPR., P. Z. S., 1846, p. 116; Phil., Abbild.,
ii, p. 217, pi. 1 (Achat. et Cyl.}, f. 13 (April, 1847) ; iii, p. 18,
pi. 3, f. 12; Monogr., ii, p. 372; iii, 568; iv, 697; vi, 366; viii,
431 ; Conchyl. Cab., p. 15, pi. 2, f . 24, 25 ; Malak. Bl., vi, 1859,
p. 95. SOWERBY, Conch. Icon., xx, pi. 3, f. 20. ARANGO,
Contrib., p. 108. CROSSE, Journ. de Conchyl., 1890, p. 219.
Urocoptis (Arangia) sowerbiana PILS. & VAN., Proc. A. N.
S. P. 1898, p. 275, pi. 18, f. 20.

This species is quite variable in size and number of whorls
as well as in the shape of the aperture. The single strong,
smooth plait of the axis is characteristic. A variety found
by Gundlach at the plantation "Romanic," Monte Toro, is
smaller, with 11-12 whorls, length 22, diam 7y 2 mm. (fig. 24).

Var. montetoronis n. v. PL 44, fig. 30.

Small, rapidly tapering, the basal keel weak or subobsolete.
Whorls about 9y 2 . Length 17 y 2 , diam. 5 mm. This form
occurs at various plantations at Monte Toro. A specimen
with entire spire, received by Pfeiffer, has 18 whorls, and
measures 18 mm. long, 4*4 wide.

38. U. MONTICOLA (Weinland) . PL 44, figs. 25, 26, 27.

Shell subcylindric, usually widest above the middle, or the
lower two-thirds may be of equal diameter, tapering to a
rather wide truncation above ; thin ; pale brownish ; surface
lustreless, sculptured with widely-spaced, rather strong, arcu-
ate thread-like riblets, which are usually a little enlarged, as
though a drop had run down, at suture below and on the basal
keel, below which striffi replace them. Whorls 13-14, narrow
and somewhat convex, the last not free in front, strongly
carinate below, concave on each side of the keel. Aperture
obliquely short ovate; peristome rather narrowly reflexed,
shortly adnate above. Axis having a single strong spiral

164 UROCOPTIS, S. G. IDIOSTEMMA.

lamella, above which there is a spiral callous cord, partially
united with the main lamella, in the last four whorls.

Length 16.5, diam. 4.3 mm.; whorls 14 (Weinl., type).

Length 17.5, diam. 4 mm. ; whorls 14.

Length 15.5, diam. 3.8 mm. ; whorls 13.

Haiti: Gonave Island, in the mountains (Dr. J. J. Brown).

Cyl. monticola WEINL., Jahrb. d. D. Malak. Ges., vii, 1880,
p. 363, pi. 12, f. 17.

Not closely related to any known species. The strong,
spaced riblets, adnate peristome, and the obtuse spiral lamella,
reinforced in the last several whorls by a callous cord above,
are its chief peculiarities. Figs. 26, 27 were drawn from
specimens of the original lot, received from Dr. Brown.

Subgenus IDIOSTEMMA Pils. & Van., 1898.

P. & V., Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila. 1898, pp. 270, 274
(July 12, 1898). Type C. uncata Gundl.

Urocoptis with the axis armed with pairs of hooks or flat
nodes, or girt by a wide callous band or double cord bearing
oblique nodes or riblets. (Idiostemma, peculiar wreath, i. e.,
about the axis.)

Distribution, eastern Cuba. One of the most peculiar and
highly evolved groups of the genus, some of the species having
the axial armature wonderfully specialized. The radula is
also somewhat specialized by reduction of the number of
teeth. Vide p. 110. The earliest whorls are smooth in U.
perlata, delicately costellate in U. latemlis. In other species
they are unknown.

The sculpture in the more highly evolved forms consists
of hollow ribs, the acme of sculpture-evolution in the Urocop-
tiihc. It is noticeable that some species have entered upon
Ihc senile stage, this sculpture becoming more or less decadent
upon the last whorl or two, the ribs interrupted, irregular,
and reduced. Like many other phyla in this family, Idio-
stemma is an intensely specialized group, manifested in won-
derful and outre forms, but already showing signs of old age.

There are two series of species ; the group of uncata, in
which axial hooks are developed, and that of U. geminata, in

UROCOPTIS, S. G. IDIOSTEMMA. 165

which a callous band or double cord bears oblique nodes or
riblets. The external ornamentation and the general shape
are wonderfully varied, and in former artificial classifications
the species have been widely scattered. They are illustrated
on plates 44, 45, and the upper part of pi. 46.

Key to Species of Idiostemma.

I. Axis armed with pairs of hooks, at least above.

1. Hooks swollen; shell strongly ribbed.

U. uncata, no. 39.

2. Hooks compressed; shell smooth, with subsutural
beads. U. perlata, no. 40.

3. Hooks above only ; shell smooth throughout.

a. Diam. about 4.5 mm., whorls about 12; flat
axial nodes in the median whorls.

U. laevigata, no. 41.

b. Diam. about 3 mm., whorls about 14; axis
with 2 thick lamellae below.

U. pilotensis, no. 42.

II. Axis thickened by a callous, obliquely ribbed band, or
a double spiral cord bearing oblique nodes.

1. Shell ribbed.

a. Axis encircled by a stout double cord, the
sulcus between obliquely ribbed (pi. 45, fig.
53) -. shell irregularly ribbed below.

U. geminata, no. 43.

6. Axis bearing compressed, sigmoid. wide-
spaced ribs, with concave intervals (pi. 45,
fig. 47) ; exterior with regular, rather narrow
ribs. U. intusmalleata, no. 44.

c. Axis bearing a spiral callous band, thickened
above and below in each whorl, and obliquely
ribbed (pi. 45, fig. 41). U. fastigiata, no. 45.

2. Shell ribless, sometimes with sutural and basal
nodules ; very long and tapering.

U. lateralis, no. 46.

The smooth forms, Icevigata, pilotensis, perlata and lateralis,
are in all probability descendants of ribbed species. All the

166 UROCOPTIS, S. G. IDIOSTEMMA.

rest, uncata, intusmalleata, geminata, fastigiata and inter-
rupta, have the same type of external sculpture, but they have
diverged widely in the sculpture of the axis. The relation-
ships of the species may be approximately represented by a
diagram:

interrupta

uncata intusmalleata fastigiata

| geminata lateralis

perlata
Icevigata
pilotensis

39. U. UNCATA ('Gundlach' Pfr.). PI. 44, figs. 31, 32, 33.

Shell cylindric, slightly tapering above to a rather wide
truncation (or sometimes retaining a long, attenuated juve-
nile stage), rather thin, whitish. Surface lustreless, roughly
sculptured with coarse ribs, which are sivollen above and below
IK or the suture, and are continuous from whorl to whorl;
these ribs are wider, more inflated on the upper than on later
whorls, and are hollow, usually in part broken; the intervals
very finely, irregularly striate. Whorls about 15 in normally
decollate shells, hardly convex, the last free in front, exca-
vated below the periphery, striate beneath, the neck tumid at
the periphery. Aperture transversely obliquely ovate. Peri-
stome narrowly reflexed. Axis rather stout in the cylindrical
portion, each whorl having two opposite pairs of sivollen
hooks, one hook of each pair above, the other below, partially
adnate to the partitions. In the tapering whorls the axis is
slender and simple, and hooks are wanting in the later
whorls (fig. 33).

Length 19, diam. 4 mm. ; whorls 15.

Length 17, diam. 3.8 mm. ; whorls

Length 22i/>, diam. 4 mm. ; whorls

Eastern Cuba : Yateras and Monte Libano, jurisdiction of
Guantanamo, under stones (Gundlach) ; Farallones, in south-
ern part of prov. Santiago (Chas. Wright).

Cyl. uncata GUNDL., PFR., Malak. BL, vi, 1859, p. 97; Novit.

UROCOPTIS, S. G. IDIOSTEMMA. 167

Conch., p. 247, pi. 63, f . 10-12 ; Monogr., vi, p. 382. SOWERBY,
Conch. Icon., xx, pi. 16, f. 144. ARANGO, Contr., p. 122.-
CROSSE, J. de C., 1890, p. 235.Urocoptis (Idiostemma) un-
cata (Gundl.), PILS & VAN., Proc. A. N. S. Phila. 1898, p.
275, pi. 17, f. 10 (axis).

Resembles U. fastigiata and U. geminata in the strong ribs,
but differs conspicuously in the peculiarly modified axial
armature. The first two whorls are delicately ribbed, as in
U. lateralis.

40. U. PERLATA ('Gundl.,' Pfr.). PI. 45, figs. 48, 49, 50, 51,
52.

Shell cylindric-fusiform, the upper half tapering to a rather
wide truncation, thin, corneous, somewhat transparent. Sur-
face glossy, smooth except for a series of small white nodes,
strung rosary-like beloiu the suture; and the base and last
third of the last whorl is sculptured with thread-like stricc.
Whorls slightly convex, the last shortly free in front, rounded
below. Aperture obliquely round-oval, the peristome white,
narrowly reflexed. Internal column armed in the interme-
diate whorls with compressed hooks placed in obliquely ver-
tical pairs, curving towards each other, about 4 pairs in a
whorl (fig. 52).

Length 12.5, diam. 3.2 mm. ; whorls 9i/ 2 -ll.

Eastern Cuba : Yateras, district of Guantanamo, prov. San-
tiago, on stones (Gundlach) ; sugar-plantation 'El Coco,"
Sagua de Tanamo (Arango).

Cyl. perlata Gundl. mss., PFR., Malak. Bl. vi, 1859, p. 97;
Novit. Conch., p. 459, pi. 100, f. 25-28; Monogr., vi, p. 362.
ARANGO, Contrib., p. 106. SOWB., C. Icon., xx, pi. 10, f. 88.-
CROSSE & FISCHER, J. de C., 1870, p. 12. CROSSE, J. de C.,
1890, p. 216.

In internal structure this species is intermediate between
U. uncata and U. Iccvigata; and the external sculpture shows
the same relationship, the subsutural beads being vestigial
ribs, which in lavigata have wholly disappeared.

The fact that in U. lamgaia, pairs of hooks precede the
nodes on the pillar, indicates that the hook structure is the

168 ( KUCOPTIS, S. G. IDICSTEMMA.

earlier one, their solidification into plate-like nodes in later
whorls of this species being secondary, and brought about by
the deposition of shell-stuff between the hooks. The nepionic
whorls are smooth.

41. U. L^VIGATA ('Gundl.' Pfr.). PI. 44, figs. 28, 29, 34, 35.
Shell cylindric-fusiform, the upper third or half tapering

to a rather wide truncation; thin; light brown or corneous,
somewhat transparent when fresh; surface glossy, smooth
except for slight growth string, the base and last half of the
last whorl striate. Whorls nearly flat, the last having a cord-
like keel below, very shortly free in front. Aperture oblique,
round-oval, the peristome white, narrowly expanded, the left
margin somewhat reflexed. Internal pillar slender, smooth
and somewhat sinuous, having a spiral convexity in the last
two whorls, the next earlier three whorls having short oblique
nodes upon the median convexity, about 5 on a whorl, sepa-
rated by concave intervals, and concave on their two faces.
In earlier whorls each of the nodes becomes interrupted in
the middle, and is transformed into a pair of somewhat hook-
like processes, curving toward one another; and in the early
whorls the axis becomes smooth and somewhat sinuous again.

Length 17.5, diam. 4.6 mm. ; whorls 12 1 /^.

Length 15.6, diam. 4.5 mm. ; whorls 12.

Eastern Cuba : Prov. Santiago at Monte Toro, in the juris-
diction of Guantanamo, under stones (Gundlach).

Cyl. lavigata Gundl. mss., PFR V Malak. Bl., vi, 1859. p. 96;
Novit. Conch., p. 460, pi. 100, f. 29-31 (C. lacrigata at foot of
plate) ; Monogr., vi, p. 362. ARANGO, Fauna, p. 106.
CROSSE, J. de C., 1890, p. 216.

Externally much like U. lavalleana Orb., but the last whorl
is only very shortly free, not descending, and it is more
keeled below. The two species differ widely in internal
structure.

42. U. PILOTENSIS (' Gundl.' Arango).

Shell cylindric-turrete, truncate, thin, smooth, glossy, pellu-
cid, corneous; suture not denticulate; whorls remaining 14,
a little convex, the last shortly free, descending, striate,

UROCOPTIS, S. G. IDIOSTEMMA. 169

lightly [Iseviter] thread-carinate above the base. Aperture
oblique, subcircular, the continuous peristome narrowly ex-
panded throughout.

Length 12-16, diam. 3 mm. Internal column having hooks
in the early whorls, in the last bilamellate, the lamellae thick
(Arango} .

Eastern Cuba: Piloto-arriba, district of Mayari, prov.
Santiago (Jeanneret).

Cylindrella lavalleana Orb. var. ?, PFR., Malak. Bl., ix, 1862,
p. 131, no. 52. Cyl. pilotensis Gundl. mss., ARANGO, An. Real.
Acad. Cien. etc. de Habana, xii, p. 283, no. 12 (1876) ; Con-
trib. p. 106.

" Differs from Cyl. lavalleana Orb. by the more cylindric
shape, the shell being smooth except the last whorl, and the
suture not denticulate; it is smaller, and the internal column
is bilamellate and hooked." ( Arango) . In the Contribution
Arango states that there are two heavy laminre in the first
whorls, and hooks like those of uncata in the last. This re-
verses the statement in his original description.

Pfeiffer remarks that it is very near C. elegans, but with
a short thread-like keel on the base of the last whorl, and
entirely smooth. I have not seen the species.

43. U. GEMINATA (Pfeiffer). PI. 45, figs. 42, 43, 53.

" Shell rimate, cylindrical, rather widely truncate, solid,
gray- whitish, closely subarcuate-striate and having compressed
ribs, swollen into nodules above and below, close on the upper
whorls, rare or almost disappearing below the middle. Whorls
remaining 13 to 14, rather flattened, the last striate and
ribbed, somewhat bicarinate beneath, a furrow between the
carinae; anteriorly moderately free. Internal column en-
circled by a thick, deeply grooved lamella which is somewhat
beaded. Aperture oblique, obliquely piriform, subangular
at the base on the right side ; peristome continuous, narrowly
expanded. Length 17, diam. 4 mm.; aperture 3y 3 mm. in
oblique length, 2% wide." (P/V).

Eastern Cuba : Cayo del Rey, in the jurisdiction of Mayari,
prov. Santiago (Wright).

ITU UROCOPTIS, S. G. IDIOSTEMMA.

Cyl. genrinata PFR V IMalak. Bl., xvii, 1870, p. 92 ; Monogr. T
viii, p. 441. ARANGO, Fauna, p. 122.

This species varies widely in sculpture. The whole sur-
face has fine, sharp, slightly waved striae. On the upper half
there are rather close stout hollow ribs, swollen at the sutures,
and often more or less extensively lost by erosion. At and
below the middle these ribs become sparser, or they become
weaker midway between sutures, leaving a series of oblong
bosses above and below the sutures. The last one to three
whorls may be either almost ribless, or there may be irregularly
developed ribs, as in the specimen figured (fig. 42). The last
whorl is either rounded beneath, or flattened, or even with
a spiral concavity, which Pfeiffer refers to in his description.

The axis is very wide in the median whorls. It is en-
circled by a double cord with a median sulcus, and sculptured
with oblique nodes, as shown in fig. 53, which represents the
5th, 6th and 7th whorls from the base. It diminishes rapidly
above, slowly below, and within the last whorl is simple, with
merely a slight swelling. The shell ordinarily measures,,
length 15, diam. 3.8 mm., and has about 11 whorls.

44. U. INTUSMALLEATA (' Gundl. ' Pfr.) PI. 45, figs. 44, 45,.
46, 47.

Shell cylindric, the upper third or fourth tapering to a
rather wide truncation; thin; gray- white; dull, sculptured
with narrow ribs, about one- third as wide as their intervals,,
swollen drop-like at the ends; each interval sculptured with
about 4 (3 to 6) sharp thread-like strias. Whorls rather flat,
the suture impressed; last whorl shortly free in front, some-
somewhat flattened basally, subangular at the periphery.
Aperture obliquely short-ovate, the peristome expanded and
narrowly reflexed. Internal pillar moderately stout in the
intermediate whorls, constricted above and below near the
partitions, sculptured with wide-spaced, sigmoid, oblique ribs
connecting low spiral ridges running above and below in
each whorl (pi. 45, fig. 47, fourth whorl from base). In the
last two whorls this sculpture is obsolete, and above the pillar
rapidly tapers, becoming smooth (pi. 45, fig. 46, the 7th,
8th and 9th whorls from the base) .

UROCOPTIS, S. G. IDIOSTEMMA. 171

Length 13.5, diam. 3 mm. ; whorls 12.

Length 16, diam. 3.3 mm. ; whorls 13.

Eastern Cuba : near Santiago, in the districts Enramada and
Corralillo, under stones; also Monte Toro, west of Yateras,
somewhat larger specimens (Gundlach) ; plantation El Coco,
in Sagua de Tanamo (Arango) ; in the north reported from
Mayari, Barajagua and Cayo del Key (Wright).

Cyl. intusmallcata Gundlach, PFR., Malak. Bl. v, 1855, p.
186; vi. 1859, p. 97; ix, p. 131. PFR., Monogr., iv, p. 705.-
SOWERBY, C. Icon, xx, pi. 7, f. 64. POEY, Memorias ii, p. 93.
ARANGO, Fauna, p. 122. CROSSE, J. de C., 1890, p. 235. Cyl.
(Scalatella) intermalleata SCHA.UFUS in Paetel. Catal., p. 68.

The ribs are narrower and closer together than in U.
fastigiata, which is moreover a longer shell. U. uncata has
the ribs more swollen on the upper part of the shell; and it
differs from both in the internal structure. U. geminata is
the most closely allied species, but in that the ribs are less
slender and less regular, the intervals are more finely striate,
and the internal column, while of the same type, differs
conspicuously in detail of structure. U. interrupta is an ex-
ternally very similar species. Gundlach notes that about 10
whorls are lost by the adult.

This species ranges across the island from north to south.

45. U. FASTIGIATA ('Gundl.' Pfr.). PL 45, figs. 36-41.

Shell subulate, gray-white, usually truncate but sometimes
retaining the dead-white early portion. Deciduous whorls
finely striate, the later of them and the earlier permanent
whorls having nodules above and below the sutures; on the
greater part of the shell these become ribs, which may be
either narrow, and weaker in the middle, or very stout and
continuous ; and though more or less extensively hollow, they
are but rarely broken. On the last whorl the ribs are usually
interrupted and dislocated. Suture deep, the ribs more or
less continuous across it. Base flattened, somewhat concave
below the peripheral angle. Last whorl free in front. Aper-
ture obliquely ovate, narrowed at the outer basal angle. Peris-
tome thin, expanded, subreflexed. Internal column rather

172 UROCOPTIS, S. G. IDIOSTEMMA.

stout, being- thickened by a wide spiral band which leaves a
groove above and below in each whorl, is somewhat concave
in the middle, and is obliquely, weakly costate (fig. 41). In
the tapering upper portion it is smooth and somewhat sinuous.

Length 18.5, diam. 3 mm. ; whorls 16.

Length 21.3, diam. 2.7 mm. ; whorls 23.

Length 31, diam. 3.3.; whorls 36-38 (Pfr.).

Length 14.5, diam. 3. ; whorls 12.

Eastern Cuba: Baracoa, Yunque, Mata, on stones (Gund-
lach) .

Cyl. fastigiata Gundlach mss., PFR., Malak. Bl. vii, 1860,
p. 20; Novit. Conch, p. 263, pi. 65; f. 23-25; Monogr., vi, p.
382.- SOWERBY, Conch. Icon, xx, pi. 4, f. 34. ARANGO,
Fauna, p. 121.

The size and number of whorls retained varies within wide
limits, and the sculpture, as the figures show, is not less vari-
able. The internal column is of the same general type as that
of U. geminata, but far less strongly developed, more as in
U. latcralis, which though conspicuously diverse, is the most
closely allied species. U. fastigiata has been distributed un-
der the apparently ms. name C. lineata Gundl. It is known
from the district of Baracoa only.

46. U. LATERALIS ('Paz' Pfr.). PL 46, figs. 54-59.

Shell very slender, subulate, light brown or purplish brown,
tapering from the l)ase to the narrow truncation, or rarely
retaining all or part of the abandoned white early whorls.
Surface lusterless, very finely arcuately striatulate, the median
and later whorls more or less distinctly crenate below the
suture, the last two or three whorls usually crenate above the
suture also, and with a row of small nodes along the basal
angle. Base flat. Last whorl becoming free, with a rather
long straight descending neck. Aperture obliquely oval, the
peristome expanded and narrowly reflected. Internal column
rather slender, thickened by a spiral callus which is obliquely,
closely ribbed, a little concave and smoother in the middle,
and separated by grooves from the partitions above and be-
low (pi. 46, fig. 56).

UROCOPTIS, S. G. IDIOSTEMMA. 173

Length 17.6, diam. 2.5 mm. ; whorls 16. Yunque ; normally
truncate.

Length 21.5, diam. 2.5 mm. ; whorls 19. Yunque ; normally
truncate.

Length 27, diam. 2.3 mm. ; whorls 33. Spire complete.

Eastern Cuba: Yunque de Baracoa, on rocks and stones
(Gundlach) .

L'ljl. latemlis Paz mss., PFR., Malak. Bl. vii. 1860, p. 21;
Novit. Conch, p. 263, pi. 65, f . 26, 27 ; Monogr., vi, p. 376.-
ARANGO, Contrib., p. 118.

Related to U. fastigiata, but very distinct by its ribless sur-
face, tapering shape, many convex whorls and more slender
pillar. The typical form (figs. 55, 57, 58) is almost or quite
free from sutural and basal nodules, but specimens with
these vestiges of ribs (fig. 54) occur with them. Those illus-
trated are from the "Yunque" of Baracoa, the only locality
yet known.

The ribs on the internal pillar give the impression voiced
by Arango that the column is sinistrally plicate; but they
are of the same nature as the oblique ribs in other species of
this group, and further examples of homoplastic structure
occur in Ccelostemma, Ccelocentrum, etc.

The nepionic whorls are vertically, delicately ribbed (pi.
46, fig. 59).

Section MACEO Pils. & Van., 1898.

PILSBRY & VANATTA, Proc. A. N. S. Phila. 1898, pp. 270,
275. Type and sole species U. interrupta Gundl.

Urocoptis with a single stout axial lamella median in each
whorl, the rounded edge of which is closely crenulate or
"milled" (pi. 46, fig. 61).

The single species is from eastern Cuba. Sectional name
to honor a Cuban patriot.

While at first sight the axis is quite unlike that of Idio-
stcmma, it is in reality only a modification of the type seen
in U. fastigiata, produced by the upper edge of the callous
band around the axis of that species becoming much more
prominent, and the lower edge diminishing. The fine crenu-

174 UROCOPTIS, S. G. IDIOSTEMMA.

lations of the edge of the spiral fold are homologous with the
oblique plicae developed in Idiostemma. The external sculp-
ture of the shell is that of tiie ribbed forms of Idiostemma.

47. U. INTERRUPTA (Gundlach). PL 46, figs. 60-64.

Shell cylindric, the upper third or half tapering to a rather
wide truncation; thin; gray- white; surface lustreless, sculp-
tured with close, rounded hollow ribs above (generally in
large part broken in adult shells) , the ribs becoming weak in
the middle or wholly interrupted on the median whorls, per-
sisting only as white bosses above and below the suture, on
the later whorls; the intervals finely striate. Last whorl
rounded below, produced in a short, round, somewhat con-
tracted neck. Aperture obliquely oval, the peristome nar-
rowly reflexed. Internal axis wound round with a stout
lamella, rounded at the edge and milled like a coin ; it is
strongest in the median whorls, becoming lower and more
oblique above and below, obsolete in the last whorl, where the
axis is slender and straight.

Length 12.3, diam 3 mm.; whorls 10y 2 .

Length 11.5, diam. 3.3 mm.; whorls 10-13 (Pfr.).

Length 14, diam. 3,3 mm.; whorls 11.

Length 10.8, diam. 3 mm.; whorls 9i/o.

Eastern Cuba: Manzanillo (type locality), Santiago de
Cuba and Cabo Cruz; larger specimens from Guisa (Gund-
lach).

Cyl. ixterrupta Gundlach mss., PFR., Malak. Bl., iv, 1857,
p. 175; v, p. 44; Conchy!. Cab., p. 29, pi. 4, f. 7-9; Novit.
Conch., p. 248, pi. 63, f . 13-15 ; Monogr., iv, p. 705 ; vi, p. 382.
-ARANGO, Contrib., p. 121. SOWB., C. Icon., pi. 8, f. 71.
Urocoptis (Maceo} interrupta Gundl., PILS. & VAN., Proc.
A. N. S. Phila. 1898, p. 275, pi. 17, f. 7 (axis).

Near U. geminata in sculpture, but distinct from all other
known species in the single stout axial lamella, rounded at
the edge, which is closely crenulate or "milled" like a coin.
This sculpture often extends below the median ridge, espe-
cially in some specimens which have the pillar calloused below
it, the prominent spiral in Maceo being homologous with

UROCOPTIS, S. G. COCHLODINELLA. 175

the upper of the two cords in Idiostemma. There are fre-
quently some irregularly spaced ribs on the last whorl, as in
fig. 63.

Subgenus COCHLODINELLA Pils. & Van., 1898.

Proc..A. N. S. Phila. 1898, pp. 270, 274. Type U. poeyana.

Shell similar to Urocoptis s. str. in general structure, but
small and thin, fusiform or subcylindric, the axis slender and
straight, arcuate in the last whorl only. Basal keel rather
weak or wanting. Spire truncate (rarely retained entire in
exceptional individuals) ; the rejected whorls numerous, at-
tenuate, apical whorls smooth, bulbous.

Distribution, western Cuba, southern Florida.

The dentition of the species of this group (pi. 61, fig. 19,
U. poeyana) closely resembles that of the smaller forms of
Gongylostoma (such as pi. 61, fig. 12, U. ivrighti). The rha-
chidian tooth is rather wide, its cusp equal to the ectocones
of the adjacent lateral teeth, and the number of teeth in a
transverse row is small, 10.1.10 in U. poeyana. The general
structure of the shell (aside from the axis), the large number
of deciduous whorls of the slender spire, and the smooth,
somewhat club-shaped earliest whorls, all show close relation-
ship to Gongylostoma, and indicate that Cochlodinella is a
branch of the same stock in which axial lamellae have either
never been developed, or have been wholly lost. I see at
present no way of determining whether the axis is primitive
or degenerate, but the former alternative is perhaps the sim-
pler. The group is not related to Jamaican species of similar
shell-structure, the testimony of the dentition showing the
resemblance of the shells to be adventitious.

A group of Cuban species superficially similar to the U.
rosea group of Jamaica. The species gonostoma Gundl. and
paradoxa Arango, at one time referred to here, constitute the
new subgenus Lyobasis Pilsbry, in Opeas, the former species
being the type. This stenogyroid group is peculiar in the
detached and free latter half of the last whorl, the piriforra
aperture and continuous peristome.

Urocoptis ftoridana (Cyl. floridana Dall, Trans. Wagner

176 UROCOPTIS, S. G. COCHLODINELLA.

Free Inst. Sci. iii, p. 13), from the Oligocene of Ballast Point,.
Tampa, Florida, belongs apparently to Cochlodinella.

Key to Species.

I. Aperture subcircular. Western Cuba.

1. Neck quite short, or adnate. U. poeyana, no. 48;

U. presasiana, no. 49 ; U. conferta, no. 50.

2. Neck moderately long,- round.

a. Corneous or brown ; riblets slightly arcuate,
the intervals about three times their width.
Length 14 to 16, diam. 3.6 to 4 mm.

U. illamellata, no. 51.

b. Ribs sinuous, wide-spaced. Length 14 to
16, diam. 3 to 3.5 mm. U. mixta, no. 53.

c. Dark purple-brown; riblets rather close and
fine, 17-19 x 4-4.4 mm.

U. atropurpurea, no. 54.

d. Pale corneous; striation fine and close,
coarser on the rather long neck; length
12.5-14, diam. 3.1-3.5 mm. U. soluta, no. 55.

[II. Aperture rounded-ovate, the outer margin angularly
produced; striation close, fine; neck flattened above
and on the outside. About 10 x 2.5 mm. Eastern
Cuba. Brackypodella angulifera.}

48. U. POEYANA (Orbigny). PL 42, figs. 77, 78, 79.

"Shell much lengthened, fusiform, thin, corneous, longi-
tudinally acutely striate ; spire much lengthened, inflated,
acuminate behind, truncate (subulate in the young), whorls
11, somewhat convex, the last carinate in front; aperture
round, peristome continuous, acute. Length 14, diam. 3 mm."
(Orb.}

Cuba (M. de la Sagra).

Pupa poeyana ORB., Hist, de 1'Ile de Cuba, Moll., i, p. 185,
pi. 12, f. 24-26 (1841, </'. Mai. BL, xxii, p. 174, footnote). -
Cylini/rtlla poeyana Orb., PFR., Monogr., ii, p. 380; iii, 572;
iv, 702; vi, 374; Mai. BL, 1854, p. 211; Conchyl. Cab., p. 26,
pi. 3, f. 29-31. CROSSE, J. de C., 1890, p. 229. ARANGO,
Fauna Mai. Cubana, p. 116.

UROCOPTIS, S. G. COCHLODINELLA. 177

A typical Cuban specimen is figured (pi. 42, figs. 77, 78,
79.) It is strongly fusiform, the four later whorls rather
swollen, those above tapering to a truncation about half the
greatest diameter of the shell. The last whorl also tapers
rather strongly, has a low, hardly cord-like basal keel, some-
times nearly obsolete, and projects very shortly in front.
Whorls ordinarily 9-11. The surface is glossy, corneous, with
close, even, slightly sinuous but hardly arcuate whitish thread-
like striae, narrower than their intervals. The aperture is
oblique and almost circular, with a reflexed, slightly thick-
ened white lip. The axis is straight and simple. Length 13,
diam. 3.2 mm.

Var. VARIEGATA (Pfeiffer). PI. 42, figs. 80, 81, 82.

"Shell fusiform-cylindric, truncate, rather straightly rib-
striate ; longitudinally denticulate-streaked with whitish and
corneous, the apex reddish or brown. Whorls 12. A little
convex, the last a little protracted, carinated at the base.
Aperture circular, the peristome expanded, white. Length
17, diam. 4 mm.; diam. of aperture 3^4 mm." (Pfr.).

Cuba: Very abundant on palm roots and in woods around
Matanzas (Pfr.; Bartlett). Carmelo and Marianao, near
Havana (S. N. Rhoads). Florida: Key West (Hemphill,
Rush et al.) ; near the mouth of Miami River, under stones
in open pine land, copiously (Rhoads, Pilsbry).

Clausilia subula? PFR., Wiegm., Archiv f. Naturg., 1839, i,
p. 353. Cyl. variegata PFR., Syrnbolse, ii, p. 60 (1842); in
Phil., Abbild., i, p. 180, pi. 1, f. 11; Monogr., ii, p. 374; iii,
572; iv, 702; vi, 374; viii, 434; Malak. Bl., 1854, p. 211;
Conchyl. Cab., p. 25, pi. 3, f. 18-28. SOWB., Conch. Icon., xx,
pi. 15, f. IZl.Cylindrella poeyana Orb., BINNEY, Terr. Moll.,
iv, p. 149 ; Land and F.-W. Sh. of N. A., p. 22, f . 15 ; Terr.
Moll., v, p. 382, pi. x, f. R (teeth) ; Man. Amer. Land. Sh., p.
411, f. 451 (teeth) ; p. 412, f. 452 (shell). Urocoptis poeyana
Orb., RHOADS, Nautilus, xiii, p. 45. PILSBRY, Nautilus, xi,
107. Pupa (Siphonostoma) lactaria GLD., Bost. Journ. of
Nat. Hist., iv, 1844, p. 491, pi. 24, f. l3.Cylindrella lactaria
GLD., Terrestr. Moll. IT. S., ii, p. 309 (descr. of Matanzas
spec.) ; iii, pi. 69, f. 2 (Floridian specimen).

178 UROCOPTIS, S. G. COCHLODINELLA.

Cylindrella jejuna OLD., Proc. Bost. Soc. N. H., ii, 1848,
p. 41 ; Terr. Moll. U. S., ii, p. 310 ; iii, pi. 69, f . 3.

U. p. variegata differ from typical poeyana in the less fusi-
form shape, generally more broadly truncate apex, and espe-
cially in the much more distinct basal carina. The white
streaks are not a very constant feature. Figure 81 of plate
42 represents a Matanzas specimen. Gould's type of C.
lactaria (pi. 42, fig. 80) was also from this place. It is a far
more common shell in collections than U. poeyana. The
length of Matanzas shells ordinarily varies from 11 mm. with
9!/2 whorls to 16 mm with 11 whorls.

At Marianao Mr. Rhoads collected numerous rather large
specimens, normally truncate adults measuring length 15
mm. with IQi/o whorls to 12 mm. with 9% whorls. 9y> whorls
are cut off in adult shells. At Carmelo the shells were
smaller, length 11 mm. with 8 l /2, to 8% mm. with 1% whorls.

Floridian specimens from Miami (fig. 82) are either cor-
neous-white or brown, with white striae and with or without
some white maculation. They are usually broadly truncate,
with about 8y 2 whorls remaining, the basal keel rather strong.
The peristome is either shortly free or rarely adherent above.
In rare cases where the abandoned early whorls have not
broken off there are 17 to 19y 2 whorls, the first one smooth
and translucent, very rapidly widening, next several whorls
narrower, so that the tip is bulbous. The size varies a good
deaL

Length 15.5, diam. 2.8 mm.; whorls 19y 2 (apex entire).

Length 12.5, diam. 2.8 mm.; whorls 17 (apex entire).

Length 12.5, diam. 3.2 mm.; whorls 9 (truncate).

Length 9.5, diam. 2.8 mm.; whorls 7i/ 2 (truncate).

Length 9.5, diam. 2.5 mm.; whorls 8 (truncate).

The white maculation typical of variegata is frequently
developed; the lip is thin, well expanded and somewhat
reflexed.

At Key West, Fla., the shells have a much thickened peri-
stome, and the axis is usually perceptibly twisted.

Var. jejuna (Old.). PL 42, figs. 83, 84.

Smaller, the neck longer. Length two-fifths, diam. one-

UROCOPTIS, S. G. COCHLODINELLA. 179

tenth inch. "Seems to be constantly smaller, darker colored,
more solid and with more convex whorls" than poeyana.
Florida.

Agrees in size with the smaller specimens of U. poeyana,
found at Miami, but none of the several hundred collected
there by Mr. Rhoads and myself has so long a neck as the
figure of jejuna shows.

Var. LACTEOFLUA Pilsbry, n. v. PI. 42, fig. 85.

Shell corneous below, brownish above, copiously marked
with opaque white irregular stripes and spots, rarely wanting.
Strige wide-spaced, strong bcloiv the sutures, elseivhere weak
or obsolete, except on the earlier and last whorls. Basal keel
low but distinct. Axis simple. Aperture as in U. poeyana.

Length 13.7, diam. 3.2 mm. ; whorls lli/o.

Length 12, diam. 3.3 mm. ; whorls 9 l / 2 .

Length 9.3, diam. 2.8 mm. ; whorls 8y 2 .

Cuba : Paso Viejo, in the municipal district of Pinar del
Rio (Chas. Wright).

Differs from U. p. variegata by its irregular sculpture.

49. U. PRESASIANA (Pfeiffer).

"Shell subrimate, cylindric turreted, thin, entire or trun-
cate, finely and closely striate, pale corneous, pellucid, silky.
Spire noticeably tapering above the middle, the vertex small.
"Whorls 14 in an entire specimen, 8 to 9 in truncate shells, a
little convex, the last slightly protracted, subangular at the
base. Aperture oblique, circular, the peristome continuous,
narrowly expanded throughout. Internal column simple.
Length of an entire specimen 13, diam. 2% mm. (Pfr.}.

Western Cuba: Hato Sagua, near the foot of Pan de
Guajaybon, Pinar del Rio (Gundlach).

Cyl. presasiana PFR., Malak. Bl., xiii, 1866, p. 62 ; Monogr.,
vi, p. 372. ARANQO, Contr., p. 115.

Specimens before me which seem to be referable to this
species are very similar to U. poeyana, but more closely stri-
ate. The neck is extremely short, and sometimes the peri-
stome is adherent above.

180 UROCOPTIS, S. G. COCHLODINELLA.

50. U. CONFERTA (Arango).

"Shell rimate, subcylindric, rather solid, somewhat closely
striate, whitish ; spire shortly truncate ; suture impressed, not
crenulate; whorls remaining 10, somewhat flattened, the last
obsoletely carinate, shortly free; aperture subcircular, the
peristome a little reflexed. Length of truncate shell 10, diam.
21/2 mm. Internal column simple" (Arango}.

Cuba.

Cyl. conferta AR., Proc. Acad. N. S. Phila. 1882, p. 108
(June 27).

No further information has been published.

51. U. ILLAMELLATA ('Wright' Pfr.). PI. 42, figs. 86, 89, 90.

Shell subrimate, fusiform-turreted, rather thin, obliquely
subarcuately striate, diaphanous, pale corneous. Spire a
little swollen in the middle, the apex entire, rather obtuse or
shortly truncate. Whorls 14 in an entire specimen, a little
convex, the last shortly free, obliquely protracted, rounded,
obsoletely compressed at the base, somewhat narrowed in
front. Aperture oblique, subcircular; peristome narrowly
expanded throughout. Internal column simple. Length
161/0, diam. 4 mm. (Pfr.).

Western Cuba: La Palma, in district of Consolacion del
Norte, Pinar del Rio province (Chas. Wright).

Cyl. illamellata Wright mss., PFR., Malak. Bl., xi, 1864,
p. 130; Monogr., vi, p. 373. Sows., Conch. Icon., xx, pi. 10,
f. 87. ARANGO, Coiitr., p. 116. U. "mamillata Wright,"
PILS. & VAN., Proc. A. N. S. P. 1898, p. 275.

The specimens from Wright before me are pale brown and
rather opaque. The ribs are rather widely spaced, the inter-
vals being about three times their width. There is no basal
keel, but the whorl is noticeably compressed around the short
axial chink. The short neck is round. All of the specimens
I have seen are narrowly truncate.

Length 16.2, diam. 3.8 mm. ; whorls 10y 2 .

Length 14, diam. 3.6 mm. ; whorls 9 1 /*}.

The length of the neck varies a good deal, and it is often
shorter than in the specimen figured.

UROCOPTIS, S. G. COCHLODINELLA. 181

53. U. MIXTA ('Wright' Pfr.). PL 42, figs. 91, 92.

Shell cylindric-turreted, the upper half tapering to a nar-
row truncation ; rather thin, corneous or pale brown with
lighter strice. Surface but slightly shining, sculptured with
sinuous, oblique, thread-like riblets, widely and unequally
spaced. Whorls about 11, the upper convex, lower somewhat
flattened, separated by an impressed suture ; last whorl
rounded below, shortly free in front. Aperture oblique,
circular, the peristome narrowly expanded, reflexed and wider
on the columellar margin. Axis slender and simple.

Length 14.5, diam, 3.5 mm.; whorls 11 (Pfeiffer's type).

Length 16, diam. 3 mm. ; whorls ll^s-

Length 13.8, diam. 2.8 mm. ; whorls 10y 3 .

Western Cuba: Siigar plantation La Cochinata, at Las
Pozas, near the north coast, in dist. of Bahia Honda, prov.
Pinar del Rio, under stones (A\ 7 right).

Cyl. mixta Wright mss., PFR., Malak. BL, xii, 1865, p. 120 ;
Monogr., vi, p. 381. ARANGO, Contr., p. 121.

Closely related to U. illamellata, but narrower, with some-
what more spaced and more sinuous riblets.

54. U. ATROPURPUREA (Arango). PI. 42, figs. 96, 97.

Shell cylindric, the upper third tapering; rather thin, dark
purplc-broivn. Surface somewhat glossy, regularly sculp-
tured with fine thread-like rib-striae, which are nearly straight,
narrow, and parted by intervals wider than the riblets.
Whorls about 9, convex, the last continued free in a rather
long, descending round neck. Basal keel faintly indicated
or wanting. Aperture slightly longer than wide, subcircular,
the peristome white, expanded, reflexed on the upper and
columellar margins. Axis slender and straight.

Length 19, diam. 4.4 mm.

Length 17, diam. 4 mm.

Western Cuba : La Jagua, near La Palma, dist. Consolacion
del Norte, Pinar del Rio (Arango).

Cyl. atropurpurea ARANGO, Proc. A. N. S. Phila. 18 12, p.
106 (June 27, 1882).

The dark color, more regular and closer striation and longer

182 UROCOPTIS, S. G. GONGYLOSTOMA.

neck, separate this species from the allied U. illamellnta. An
entire shell has 13 whorls, according to Arango. The figures
and description are from specimens sent by him.

55. U. SOLUTA (Pfeiffer). PI. 42, figs. 93, 94, 95.

Shell fusiform, rather thin, slightly inflated in the middle,
the upper third or more tapering to the narrow truncation;
pale corneous. Surface rather glossy, densely and finely
striate, the striee smooth, about as wide as the intervals, be-
coming much coarser, sharper and more widely spaced on the
free portion of the last whorl. Whorls 9-10, convex, the last
produced downward and forward in a rather long, round
neck. No basal keel. Aperture rounded-oval, longer than
wide, the peristome continuous, the outer margin expanded,
upper and columellar margins reflexed, whitish. Axis slender
and straight.

Length 12.5, diam. 3.2 mm. ; whorls 8y 2 .

Length 13.8, diam. 3.1 mm. ; whorls 9%.

Length 14, diam. 3.5 mm.; whorls 9 (Pfr's type).

Western Cuba: Between Guajaybon and la Chorrera, Pinar
del Rio, on walls, type loc. ; S. Andres (Wright).

Cyl. soluta PFR., Mai. BL, xi, 1863, p. 6; Monogr., vi, p.
374. SOWERBY, Conch. Icon., xx, pi. 9, f. 75. ARANGO,
Contrib., p. 112.

Differs from U. atropurpurea by the longer neck, more
coarsely sculptured than the rest of the shell, and the finer,
closer striation of the spire, as well as the paler color.

Subgenus GONGYLOSTOMA Albers, 1850.

Urocoptis with one or more spiral axial lamellae, the free
edge of the lower lamella, at least in the upper whorls, being
serrate, cut into teeth, or bearing spines directed radially and
more or less toward the aperture. Early whorls generally
lost from the adult shell; apical whorls smooth (except in
Fibricutis) ; basal keel generally indistinct or wanting. Type
U. elegans (Pfr.). (Gongylostoma, round mouth.)

Dentition quite various in regard to the number of teeth,
see p. 110, but the teeth of the central row are wider than in
Idiostemma, agreeing with Cochlodinella and Autocoptis.

UROCOPTIS, S. G. GONGYLOSTOMA.

183

This group comprises a great variety of shell-forms, from
short and swollen to long and fusiform ; the last whorl being
either adnate to the preceding or projected in a long neck.
The subgenus is characteristic of western Cuba, as Idiostemma
is of eastern; only a few forms occurring in the east. Up to
this time very few are known from central Cuba, east of
Matanzas province. Gongylostoma is chiefly developed upon
and near the Sierra de los Organos, including the lower con-
tinuation of the same mountain system eastward to Matanzas.
To what extent they follow the hill country still further to
the east remains to be determined; but Pinar del Rio appa-
rently has the greatest variety of forms, as well as the largest
number of species.

The subgenus was subdivided in my paper of 1898 accord-
ing to the number of spiral axial lamelke above the dentate
basal one; but further study shows this to be in many cases
a secondary character, even coloration and sculpture-pattern
outranking it. There are many phyla in the group, more or
less exactly parallel or homoplastic in internal structure, and
so far as I can see, inter-related about as indicated in the
accompanying diagram, in which the "concreta group" may
perhaps represent primitive forms, since it is likely that the
whole series arose from a stock in which there was one spiral
axial lamella with a lower cord above it.

3 or more

axial
lamellae.

2 axial
lamellae.

Callonia Pycnoptychia

Liocallonia

f Esochara

Paracallonia

trilamellata gr.
Sectilumen

Elegans group coerulans group pruinosa gr.
^ | | ventricosa gr.

1 lamella, { Tetrentodon concreta gr. torquata gr. wrigbti gr.

No lamellae { Cochlddinella

Diagram showing approximate relational ips of West Cuban
groups of Urocoptis.

The group of U. elegans is a middle point whence variously
modified phyla radiate, the group of U. cccrulans another.
The comparative lengths of some lines in the diagram are

184 UROCOPTIS, S. G. GUNGYLOSTOMA.

somewhat out of proportion, in order to show the number of
spiral lamella?. Thus, Pycnoptycliia is really as near as
Esochara to the elegans group in structure In the concreta-
elegans-Liocallonia series there is practically no modification
in texture, form or onamentation externally.

In a number of groups, two parallel series of species, finely
striate and spaced rib-striate or costulate, exist. This is espe-
cially noticeable in the group of U. elegans and phyla radi-
ating therefrom.

Key to Sections of Gongylostoma.

I. Lower axial lamella expanding into a broad, flat or cup-
shaped plate, in an intermediate whorl. Western Cuba.

Section Esochara, no. 58-60.

II. Two subequal axial spirals, the cavity of an intermediate
whorl contracted by accessory lamellae upon the parietal,
basal and usually the outer walls. Eastern Cuba.

Section Sectilumen, no. 57.

III. Intermediate whorls without such special modifications
of the lamellae.

1. Shell small, pale, with nodose suture and fine, inter-
lacing strise; truncate, the rejected portion long,
attenuate, with costulate apical whorls. Axis with
one spinose lamella. Eastern Cuba.

Section Fibricutis, no. 56.

2. Rather large, uniform brown or corneous-brown;
axis with 3 to 8 spiral lamellae, increasing in size
from the upper to the lowest, which is widest; re-
jected portion of spire short, not attenuate, apical
whorls smooth; aperture not dark within.

Section Pycnoptycliia, no. 61-66.

3. Axis with 3 thin spiral lamellae, the upper widest,
lower smallest in intermediate whorls ; shell slender.

a. Shell sculptured with large, hollow ribs, very
slender and many-whorled, attenuate above,
whorls 30 to 40 in entire shells.

Section Callonia, no. 69, 70.

UROCCPTIS, S. G. GONGYLOSTOMA. 185

b. Shell merely striate or rib-striate, corneous or
brownish, whorls less numerous, 10 to 25.

Section Liocallonia, no. 71-83.

4. Axis stout, with 3 nearly horizontal lamella, sub-
equal in the intermediate whorls.

Section Paracallonia, no. 67, 68.

5. Axis with 1 to 3 lamelke, the upper one thickened
if wider than the lower, the latter spinose or ser-
rate, at least in the earlier whorls.

a. Shell plain corneous or brownish, usually
somewhat translucent, striate or with spaced
riblets ; axial lamellae 1 to 3 ; the lower one
serrate, at least in the upper whorls; aperture
pale within. Shell usually rather small.

Section Gongylostoma, no. 84-114.

1). Shell rather long, light colored, with a more
or less distinct basal brown band; last whorl
adnate or but shortly free ; axis straight above
the single, serrate, sub-basal lamella.

Group of U. torquata, no. 115-125.

c. Shell opaque, dull, purplish or brown, with
light riblets; aperture brownish inside; axis
with 1 to 3 lamellae, the lower projecting wid-
est. Group of U. trilamellata, no. 137-143.

d. Shell variegated, corneous or brown and white.

aa. Irregularly marbled, and with a series
of white subsutural beads; one or two
axial lamelke; basal keel indistinct.

Group of U. coerulans, no. 126-136.

bb. Irregularly marbled, nearly smooth, the
suture plain; axis stout, with a low cord
above the sub-basal lamella. Eastern
Cuba. Group of U. ventricosa, no. 145.

cc. Brown with white-bordered dark stripes;
basal keel distinct; axis with 2 subequal
lamellas. I. of Pines.

Group of U. pruinosa, no. 144.

dd. Corneous with sparse white stripes, or

186 UROCOPTIS, S. G. GONGYLOSTOMA.

white with corneous stripes; extremely
slender, generally with a long descend-
ing neck; axis with a single small la-
mella. Central and eastern Cuba.

Group of U. ivrigliti, no. 146-151.

6. Axis with one or two weak spirals, not denticulate
or spinose ; shell very slender with round neck.

Section Tetrentodon, no. 152-166.

Section Fibricutis Pilsbry, 1903.

Small, cylindric and truncate, roughly striate, and crenate
at the sutures, with a spinose axial lamella; the rejected
whorls numerous, forming a slender, attenuate spire; 2%
nepionic whorls vertically costulate. (Fibra, filament; cutis,
skin.)

By the structure of the axis, the single species of this group
would belong to Gongylostoma (in the wide sense) ; but by
the external sculpture, and especially that of the nepionie
shell, it approaches Idiostcmma. The relationships of the
group must be considered uncertain until the dentition is
examined. It occurs in Santiago province, the Idiostcmma
country.

56. U. SCABROSA ('Gundl.' Pfr.). PI. 58, figs. 69, 70. 71.

Shell small, cylindric-tapering, lustreless, pale fleshy,.
densely sculptured ivith fine, interlacing ivhite stria, forming
an irregular fibrous or netted pattern; with low ivhite bosses
beloiv the suture, and sometimes above it also. Spire slowly
tapering, rather widely truncate ; whorls convex, the last very
shortly free. Aperture circular, the lip slightly expanded.
Axis encircled by a small lower lamella, which is densely and
delicately spinose, and a low, slightly spiral cord above it,
both disappearing in the earlier whorls. About 11 early
whorls are cast off, this portion being subulate, attenuated
towards the noticeably bulbous apex, the nepionic shell con-
sisting of 2% vertically costellate whorls.

Length 9.5, diam. 2.5 mm. ; whorls 9-10.

Eastern Cuba: Yateras, under stones (Gundlach) ; Pal-
enque, dist. of Alto Songo, prov. Santiago (Wright).

UROCOPTIS, S. G. GONGYLOSTOMA. 187

Cyl. scabrosa Gimdl. mss., PFR., Malak. BL, vi, p. 98 (no
description) ; ix, 1862, p. 131 ; Monogr., vi, p. 383. ARANGO,
Contrib., p. 123. Cyl. fibrosa GUNDLACH mss. in some col-
lections.

Exceedingly peculiar in the fibrous sculpture. The surface
is more or less coated with calcareous earth, evidently held
by the slime of the snail.

Section Sectilumen Pils. & Van., 1898.

PILSBRY & VANATTA, Proc. A. N. S. Phila. 1898, pp. 271,
276. Type and sole species U. ornata.

Urocoptis with two axial lamellae, the upper cord-like, the
lower acute and spinose, and in an intermediate whorl having
an accessory lamella on the upper partition, a smaller one on
the lower. Dentition as in Gongylostoma generally, the cen-
tral teeth being wide (pi. 61, fig. 16). (Sectus, cut; lumen,
window or opening.) Distribution eastern Cuba.

The single species composing this Section has external
sculpture like Maceo or some forms of Idiostemma, and in-
habits the same region; but the axial lamella; and dentition
are such as occur in Gongylostoma. The accessory lamelke
special to the group are homoplastic with those of typical
Holospira. Nothing of the sort has been found in any other
Antillean species. The sculpture of the early whorls is un-
known. Like the preceding group, this does not seem closely
related to those following. The number of teeth in a row is
reduced to 8.1.8, as in the more specialized Gongylostomas.

57. U. ORNATA ('Gundl.' Pfr.). PL 52, figs. 37, 38, 39, 40.

Shell cylindrical, the upper 2 or 3 whorls only tapering,
solid, lustreless and opaque, light dull fleshy-brownish. Sur-
face very densely and minutely striate, the strife hair-like,
and having a series of white tubercles above and bcloiv the
sutures. Sometimes there are weak ribs unequally developed
on some whorls, and the latter half of the last whorl may be
ribbed. Whorls flattened, the suture impressed, the last
whorl ribbed beneath, not carinate, projecting free in a
rounded neck. Aperture oblique, oval, the lip thick, ex-

188 UROCOPTIS, S. G. GONGYLOSTOMA.

paneled, Isabella tinted. Axis rather stout, with two lamellae,
the upper one a stout rounded cord, the lower narrow and
spinose at the acute edge; in the intermediate whorls a low
rounded cord revolves below the denticulate lamella. In the
fifth whorl from the base the cavity is -narrowed by a very
strong, outward-flaring lamella hanging from the upper or
parietal partition, and a corresponding, much lower plica on
the floor or lower partition, each being fully one whorl long.

The young shell, according to Pfeiffer, is long and very
slender, acutely produced, composed of about 12 whorls.

Length 11.5, diam. 2.5 mm. ; whorls 12.

Length 10, diam. 2.7 mm. ; whorls 10.

Length 12, diam. 2.75 mm.; whorls 12 ( Pfeiffer 's type).

Eastern Cuba: Yateras, Guantanamo (Gundlach) ; Yacabo-
arriba, Baracoa (Arango).

Cyl. ornata Gundlach mss., PFR., Malak. Bl., vi, 1859, p. 97 ;
Monogr., vi, p. 382. BINNEY, Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci., iii, p.
126, pi. 14, f. A (dentition). ARANGO, Contrib., p. 122.
Urocoptis (Sectilumen) ornata Gundl., PILS. & VAN., Proc.
A. N. S. Phila. 1898, p. 276, pi. 17, f. 9 (interior).

Externally this species resembles U. (Maceo) interrupta.
Internally it has much in common with the typical section
of Holospira (see pi. 21, 22). The lower or basal plica is
sometimes weak or obsolete ; and the outer wall of the con-
stricted whorl is decidedly thickened, thicker than in pre-
ceding or following whorls, and bears a median low callus or
cord, corresponding to that of Holospira. The finely den-
ticulate axial lamella persists in the early whorls, the upper
cord-like one being low or subobsolete there. There is indi-
vidual variation of fully a half whorl in the number of whorls
formed beyond the obstructed one. Figures 37 and 38 repre-
sent front and back views of the same shell.

Section Esochara Pils. & Van., 1898.

Esochara P. & V., Proc. A. N. S. Phila. 1898, pp. 271, 276,
type U. strangulata.

Urocoptis with two axial lamellae (the upper one sometimes
vestigial), the lower denticulate in the upper whorls, then

UROCOPTIS, S. G. GONGYLOSTOMA. 189

expanding in a broad plate bisecting the cavity in one or two
subrnedian whorls, reduced again below.

In U. fabreana the teeth (pi. 61, figs. 13, 14) are larger than
in any other species of the family I have examined. The
centrals are narrow, almost as in Idiostemma.

This group of western Cuba has apparently been special-
ized from an ancestral species belonging to Gongylostoma
s. str. Its peculiar internal structure was noticed first by
Poey.

Key to Species of Esochara.

I. Last whorl very shortly free in front; suture simple;
shell rather large.

1. Brown, the length about 3y 2 times the diam. ; two
axial lamella? in the upper whorls.

U. strangulata, no. 58.

2. Dull corneous or pale, the length 4 or 5 times the
diam. ; one axial lamella in the upper whorls.

U. fabreana, no. 59.

II. Last whorl produced in a long, descending neck ; suture
bordered below by white bosses ; shell small.

U. teneriensis, no. 60.

58. U. STRANGULATA (Poey). PI. 52, figs. 28, 29, 30.

Shell cylindric, the upper third rather rapidly tapering to
a wide truncation; thin; dull brown. Surface lustreless,
sculptured with oblique riblets separated by intervals of three
or four times their width. AVhorls slightly convex, the last
rounded beneath, with a low cord-like basal carina, very
shortly free in front. Aperture subcircular, but the upper
external margin is noticeably straightened. Peristome thin,
expanded and narrowly reflexed. Axis with two spiral la-
mell* above, the lower one expanding in a broad, flat plate
or spiral disk in the antepenult, and next earlier whorls,
nearly reaching the outer wall of the cavity. In the last
whorl the upper lamella is reduced to a rounded cord.

Length 22, diam. 6 mm. ; whorls 10y 2 .

Length 19, diam. 5.7 mm. ; whorls 9 l / 2 .

Western Cuba: Lomas de Candela, near Guines, prov.
Habana (Gundlach).

190

UROCOPTIS, S. G. GONGYLOSTOMA.

Cyl. strangulata POEY, Memorias, ii, p. 31, -pi. 1, f. 20-22
(1857). BLAND, Ann. Lye. Nat. Hist, of N. Y., vi, 1855, p.
151, pi. 5, f. 18 (axis). GUNDLACH, Malak. Bl., iv, 1857, p.
46 (color of soft parts). PFR., Conchyl. Cab., p. 19, pi. 8,
f. 16, 17; Monogr., iv, p. 698. ARANGO, Contrib., p. 110.
Urocoptis (Esocliara) strangulata Poey, PILS. & VAN., Proc.
A. N. S. Phila. 1898, p. 276, pi. 18, f. 15 (axis).

The dilatation of the lower axial lamella is longer and
wider than in U. fabreana, which further differs in propor-
tions and color, and in having the upper axial lamella obsolete
or nearly so. Figs. 29 and 30 represent front and back views
of the same shell.

59. U. FABREANA ('Poey' Pfr.). PL 52, figs. 32, 33, 34.

Shell long, cylindrical, the upper fourth or third tapering
to a moderately wide truncation ; somewhat solid, varying
from wax-colored or whitish corneous to pale brown. Sur-
face lustreless, sculptured with narrow oblique riblets sepa-
rated by much wider spaces. Whorls nearly flat, the last
rounded below, with a low cord-like basal keel, very shortly
free in front. Aperture subcircular, the peristome thin,
rather broadly expanding, hardly reflexed. Axis having,
above the middle, a small sub-basal finely denticulate lamella,
a scarcely noticeable low cord, or rather a slight sinuosity of
the pillar, above it; in the antepenult whorl the lamella ex-
pands into a somewhat upward-flaring, broad plate.

Length 26.5, diam. 5.2 mm. ; whorls 12.

Length 20.7, diam. 5.2 mm. ; whorls 9%.

Length 22, diam. 5.66 mm.; whorls 12-13 (Pfr.).

Western Cuba: Seborucal, near San Antonio de los Banos,
in the interior of Habana province (Fab re).

Cyl. fabreana Poey mss., PFR., Malak. Bl., vi, 1859, p. 96,
footnote; Novit. Conch., p. 245, pi. 63, f. 1-3; Monogr., vi,
p. 366. ARANGO, Contrib., p. 110. SOWERBY, C. Icon., xx,
pi. 8, f. 70. CROSSE, J. de C., 1890, p. 220.

Related to U. strangulata, but of a more slenderly cylin-
drical shape, somewhat more finely ribbed, and differing
internally in having the upper lamella obsolete, and the

UROCOPTIS, S. G. GONGYLOSTOMA. 191

expansion of the lower one somewhat less extensive, being
both shorter and less broadly dilated. The pale, waxen color
is a further distinction. There is the usual rather wide vari-
ation in size, but the other characters seem fairly constant in
over twenty-five specimens examined.

60. U. TENEEIENSIS ('Wright' Pfr.). PI. 52, figs. 31, 35, 36.

Shell cylindrical, the upper third or less rather rapidly
tapering to a somewhat narrow truncation ; rather solid ;
corneous clouded with white. Surface lustreless, sculptured
with fine, whitish, oblique rib-strice much narrower than the
intervals, and with a subsutural series of small white nodules
crenulating the suture. Whorls but slightly convex, the last
produced forward and descending in a rather long, round,
contracted neck. Aperture subcircular, the peristome thick-
ened, white, rather broadly reflexed. Axis with two sub-
equal spiral lamella? in the whorls above the middle, the upper
lamella running to the last whorl, the lower lamella expand-
ing in the antepenult, and next earlier whorls in a broad,
saucer-shaped plate, about two whorls long.

Length 12, diam. 2.4 mm. ; whorls 12.

Whorls 12.5, diam. 2.66 mm.; whorls 12-14 (Pfr.).

Western Cuba : The hacienda La Teneria, near Guane, Pinar
del Rio (Wright).

Cyl. tencriensis Wright mss., PFR., Malak. Bl., xii, 1865,
p. 121; Monogr., vi, p. 387. ARANGO in Poey, Repert., ii,
p. 270; Contrib., p. 126. SOWERBY, Conch. Icon., xx, pi. 10,
f. 84.-CROSSE, J. de C., 1890, p. 240. ? "C. fineries Wright,"
SCHAUFUS, in Paetel's Catal., p. 68.

A very distinct little species, notable for its variegated
coloration, subsutural crenation, long neck and the long in-
ternal saucer-shaped spiral lamella. There is merely a slight
trace of the basal keel. In color it reminds one of the varie-
gated forms of the group of U. coerulans.

Section Pycnoptychia Pils. & Van., 1898.
P. & V., Proc. A. N. S. Phila. 1898, pp. 271, 275. Type
U. huml>oldtiana Pfr.

UROCOPTIS, S. G. GONGYLOSTOMA.

Urocoptis with 3 to 8 spiral axial lamella?, increasing in
size from the upper to the lower, ivhich is largest, and more
or less crenate at the edge in the upper whorls. Last whorl
shortly free, not descending, rounded beneath, the basal keel
a low cord or obsolete. Sculpture of fine striae. Spire shortly
truncate, the abandoned portion of few (about 6-7) whorls,
and not attenuate near the smooth apex.

A group of western Cuba, east to Matanzas, differentiated
from typical Gongylostoma by the multiplication of axial
lamella?, the non-attenuate, short abandoned portion of the
spire, and the larger size.

Key to Pycnoptychia, etc.

I. Surface finely and closely striate.

1. Shell sinistral, very finely and closely striate.

U. scceva, no. 64.

2. Shell dextral.

a. Axial lamella? more than 3 ; diam. of shell
one-fourth the length or less.

&. Stria? close and fine, as wide as the in-
tervals. U. humboldtiana, no. 61.
&&. Stria? more spaced, the intervals wider.

U. h. peraffinis.

aa. Three axial lamella? ; diam. more than one-
fourth the length ; very densely striate, glossy.

U. striatella, no. 63.
II. Surface dull, sculptured with spaced rib-stria?.

1. Interior the color of the outside; shell but slightly
tapering above, thin. U. shuttleworthiana, no. 65.

2. Opaque; interior brownish or dark; sculpture of
light riblcts on a dark ground.

Group of U. trilamellata, no. 139, etc.

U. torrei (no. 62), an insufficiently described species, is also
provisionally included in this section ; also U. ovicdoiana, no.
66, the interior of which is unknown.

61. U. HUMBOLDTIANA (Pfeiffer). PI. 47, figs. 77-81.

Shell cylindric, the upper third tapering to a rather wide

UROCOPTIS, S. G. GONGYLOSTOMA. 193

truncation, thin, pale brown or reddish-brown. Surface
glossy, very densely sculptured with fine, hair-like stria,
separated by intervals of the same width. Whorls but
slightly convex, the last very shortly free, having a low, cord-
like keel below. Aperture subcircular, brown within, the
peristonie expanded and reflexed, whitish or brown-tinted.
Axis encircled by three principal lamella, the lower one
largest and denticulate above the middle; and in one or two
median whorls low rounded cords are interposed above and
below the lower lamella, and less conspicuously in the other
intervals (fig. 78).

Length 27, diam. 6 mm. ; whorls 11.

Length 22.5, diam. 5.7 mm. ; whorls 10.

Length 22, diam. 5.5-6.5 mm.; whorls 11 (Pfr.).

Western Cuba: Near Cayajabos (E. Otto) ; Tetas de Mana-
gua (Poey) ; Camoa, Cuevas de Cotilla and Potrero Dique
(Arango).

Cyl. humboldtiana PFR. in Wiegm. Archiv f. Naturg., 1840,
i, p. 252 ; Phil., Abbild., i, p. 184, pi. 1, f . 4 ; Mai. Bl., 1854,
p. 210 ; Conchyl. Cab., p. 14, pi. 2, f . 20, 21 ; Monogr., ii, p.
373 (exclusive of var. &) ; iii, p. 570; iv, 699; vi, 368. GUND-
LACH, Malak. BL, iv, 1857, p. 46 (descr. of animal. ARANGO,
Contrib., p. 111. BINNEY, Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci., iii, p. 125,
and Proc. A. N. S. Phila. 1875, p. 252 (jaw and teeth). -
Urocoptis (Pycnopty cliia) liumboldtiana Pfr., PILS. & VAN.,
Proc. A. N. S. Phila. 1898, p. 275, pi. 18, f. 14 (axis). Helix
columnella Fer. Mus. ? according to Pfr.

More lengthened and less swollen than U. striatella, and
more closely striate than the following form. Figs. 78, 79, 80
are copies of Pfeiffer's original figures in Philippi's Abbil-
dungen. Figs. 77, 78 (x 6) and 81 (nat. size) are from
specimens.

Var. pemffhris Pils. n. v. PI. 47, figs. 82-86.

Similar to U. liumboldtiana, but somewhat more solid, less
shining, and the stride are ividely spaced, especially on the
spire. In the penult, whorl there are three or four, in the
next earlier four subequal cords above the lower lamella, and
one below it (fig. 86 x 6).

194 UROCOPTIS, S. G. GONGYLOSTOMA.

Length 28.8, diam. 6 mm. ; whorls ll 1 /*?.

Length 23.6, diam. 5.8 mm. ; whorls lO l / 2 -

Length 27, diam. 5.3 mm. ; whorls 13.

Length 26.5, diam. 5.5 mm.; whorls 16^ (spire perfect).

Western Cuba: San Jose de las Lajas, in the interior of
Habana province (Gundlach).

Cyl. oviedoiana Orb., PFR., Monogr., iii, 569 ; iv, 698 ; vi,
366; Conchyl. Cab., p. 22, pi. 3, f. 1, 2. BLAND, Ann. Lye.
Nat. Hist, of N. Y., vi, p. 151 (axis). POEY, Memorias, ii, pi.
1, f. 24 (axis). GUNDLACH, Malak. Bl., iv, 1857, p. 46 (color-
ation of animal, from Tetas de Managua). SOWB., C. Icon.,
xx, pi. 2, f. 13. ARANGO, Contrib., p. 109. CROSSE, J. de C.,
1890, p. 219. Not Pupa oviedoiana Orbigny.

There is some variation in the lamellae of the axis, but the
thin wide lamella below is not so prominent in the last
three whorls as in U. liumboldtiana, and the others are more
nearly equal in size. Ordinarily there are lOi/o to 12 whorls.
In a specimen with the spire complete (fig. 82x6) there are
16i/2 whorls, 6 1 /-) of them above the plug, the position of which
is marked by a change in color. The apex is rather large and
smooth. Figures 82, 83, 86 are magnified 6 diameters.

62. U. TORREI (Arango).

"C. humboldtianas proxima. Differt anfractibus 13, rarius
12 (in humboldtiana 12), minus rapide ad apicem attenuatis,
convexioribus, valde conspicuis, necnon confertis Longitude
testa trunca [ta] 31-32 mill. Diam. 7, apert. 5. Columella
biplicata, lamina antica magis extensa. " (Arango.}

Western Cuba: Zapata, prov. Matanzas (La Torre).

Cyl. torrei ARANGO, An. Real Acad. Cien. etc. de Habana,
xii, p. 282, no. 6 (1876) ; Contrib., p. 109.

Named for D. Carlos de la Torre, of Havana. The descrip-
tion is very unsatisfactory, and I give it in the original.

63. U. STRIATELLA ('Wright' Pfr.). PI. 47, figs. 91-94.
Shell cylindrical, the upper third tapering to a wide trun-
cation; thin, pale brown, often somewhat translucent. Sur-
face glossy, very closely and very -finely striatc, the strite hair-

UROCOPTIS, S. G. GONGYLOSTOMA. 195

like. Whorls slightly convex, the last shortly free in front,
having a low, cord-like carina below. Aperture subcircular;
peristome expanded and reflexed, white. Axis (fig. 93x6)
provided with three spiral lamellee, the lower one widest, its
termination visible within the aperture, the upper one low and
cord-like, obsolete in the upper whorls.

Length 21.5, diam. 5.7 mm. ; whorls 9y 2 .

Length 18, diam. 5.3 mm. ; whorls 9%.

Length 19-22, diam. 6.5 mm.; whorls 8-11 (Pfr.}.

Western Cuba: Punta de la Jaula, Guane, on rocks
(Wright).

Cyl. striatella Wright mss., PFR., Malak. BL, xi, 1863, p. 2;
Novit. Conch., p. 246, pi. 63, f. 4-6; Monogr., vi, p. 368.
ARANGO, Contrib., p. 111. SOWERBY, C. Icon., xx, pi. 7. f. 55.

Somewhat shorter and wider than U. humboldtiana, with
distinctly finer striation, and not more than three axial la-
mella in any whorl. Figs. 91, 93 are magnified 6 diameters,
the others natural size.

64. U. SC/EVA ('Gundl.' Pfr.). PI. 46, figs. 69, 70.

Shell sinistral, cylindric-tapering, rather widely truncate,
brown. Surface somewhat glossy, very closely and finely
sculptured with thread-like strias. Whorls but slightly con-
. vex, the last shortly free in front, having a low cord-like basal
keel. Aperture subcircular, the peristome expanded and re-
flexed. Axis provided with three spiral lamellse, the lowest
one the largest, extending nearly to the aperture, finely crenu-
late in the upper half of the shell ; the upper lamella smallest.

Length 26, diam. 6 mm. ; whorls 11.

Length 22, diam. 5.7 mm. ; whorls 9 1 /<>.

Length 24, diam. 5.7 mm.; whorls 11-12 (Pfr.).

Western Cuba: Ceiba Mocha, a R. R. station south of Pan
de Matanzas, under stones (Gundlach).

Cyl. hwnboldtiana var., PFR., in Phil., Abbild., vii, p. 8,
pi. 3, f. 11 ; Conchyl. Cab., p. 15, pi. 2, f. 22, 23. Cyl. hum-
loldtiana Sows., C. Icon., xx, pi. 3, f. 25. Cyl. scava Gundl.
mss., PFR., Malak. BL, x, 1863, p. 248 ; Monogr., vi, p. 368.
BLD., Ann. Lye. N. H. of N. Y., viii, 1865, p. 161, f. 4 (denti- .

196 UROCOPTIS, S. G. GONGYLOSTOMA.

tion) ; Proc. A. N. S. Phila. 1875, p. 222, f. 64 (dentition).
CROSSE & FISCHER, Journ de Conch., 1870, pp. 9, 12 (jaw and
teeth). ARANGO, Contrib., p. 111. Sows., C. Icon., xx, pi.
14, f. 122.

Intermediate between U. humboldtiana and U. striatella in
shape, but constantly sinistral. The axis is like that of U.
striatella. It was this form which Pfeiffer at one time re-
ported from Jamaica (see C. B. Adams, Contrib. to Conch,
no. 3, p. 39), and figured as a variety of U. humboldtiana.
He found a fragment on the beach at Matanzas, doubtless
washed down from inland, the locality of the species being
from south of the fine mountain Pan de Matanzas.

65. U. SHUTTLEWORTHIANA (Poey). PI. 47, figs. 89, 90 (x 6) ;
pi. 46, figs. 75, 76.

Shell cylindric, slowly tapering to a wide truncation above,
rather thin, dull or violaceous brown. Surface nearly lustre-
less, sculptured with narrow whitish and but slightly arcuate
riblets, the intervals wide, about 4 times the width of the rib-
lets. Whorls slightly convex, the last very shortly free in
front, having a cord-like keel below. Aperture subcircular,
colored within like the outside ; peristome thin, expanded and
subreflexed. Axis encircled by three lamellre, the lower one
widest, crenate above the middle, extending to the last whorl,
the others becoming obsolete in the penult, whorl; the upper
lamella is merely a low rounded cord and about two whorls
long. In the third whorl from below there is a low cord below
the wide lower lamella.

Length 27, diam. 6 mm. ; whorls 10%.

Length 22, diam. 5.5 mm. ; whorls 8%.

Western Cuba: Near Managua, on the plantation "Almi-
rante" (Poey) ; town of Santo Cristo de la Salud, in the
jurisdiction of Bejucal, prov. Habana (Arango).

Cyl. shuttleworthiana POEY, Memories, ii, p. 31, pi. 1, f. 23,
axis (1857). PPR., Conchyl. Cab., p. 18, pi. 2, f. 28, 29; pi. 8,
f. 22; Monogr., iv, 698. ARANGO, Contrib., p. 109. SOWERBY,
C. Icon., xx, pi. 3, f. 23.

Poey justly remarks that C. oviedoiana (== U. h. peraffinis)

UROCOPTIS, S. G. GONGYLOSTOMA. 197

is intermediate between U. shuttleworthiana and U. hum-
boldtiana. U. shuttleworthiana has 30 to 40 riblets on the
penult, whorl, peraffinis has nearly 70, and humboldtiana 140.
The first is lustreless, peraffinis nearly so, and humboldtiana
is rather glossy. Aside from these external features, the
present species has great similarity to U. vignalcnsis, having
about the same internal structure; but the interior is not
darkened as in vignalensis and its allies, species which I now
place in a different phylum, believing the similar axial struc-
ture to be homoplastic rather than in the strict sense homo-
logous.

66. U. OVIEDOIANA (Orbigny). PI. 47, figs. 87, 88.

Shell much lengthened, cylindric, thin, brown ; marked lon-
gitudinally and a little obliquely with equal plicae, stronger
in front. Spire very long, cylindric, noticeably tapering and
truncate in adults, no doubt acuminate and acute in the
young; composed of 12 narrow, flat whorls, the last a little
detached near the mouth, and cariuate below. Aperture pro-
duced quite laterally, oval, oblique, the peristome thin and
sharp, much dilated and continuous. Length 28, diam. 5
mm. (Orb.).

Cuba: In the interior (de la Sagra).

Pupa oviedoiana ORB., Hist. Cuba, Moll., i, p. 182, pi. 12,
f. 15, 16. C. oviedoiana Orb., PFR., Monogr., ii, p. 380.

If Orbigny 's figures copied on my plate are reasonably
accurate, the shell usually known as oviedoiana is pretty cer-
tainly not correctly identified. It differs from these figures
in being stouter, with notably shorter neck and much closer
striation. Moreover, the apex is more obtuse; though from
the wording of Orbigny 's description, it is not certain that
he had any specimen with the spire entire, even though he so
figures it.

Section Paracallonia Pilsbry, 1902.

Urocoptis with three axial lamellcc subcqual in the median
whorls, the lower lamella denticulate, at least in the upper
whorls. Basal keel of the last whorl weak. Type U. albo-

198 UROCOPTIS, S. G. GONGYLOSTOMA.

crenata, pi. 48, figs. 7, 8, 12. (Para, beside; Callonia, the
following group.)

The axis in this group is intermediate between that of
Pycnoptychia, in which the lower lamella is widest, and Cal-
lonia, in which the upper one dominates in the median whorls.
There are two species, U. albocrenata, with a variegated shell,
bead-strung below the suture, in external features closely
imitating some forms of the group of U. coerulans, and V.
triplicata, plain with the suture simple. Both are from
western Cuba.

67. U. ALBOCRENATA ('Gimdi.' Pfr.). PI. 48, figs. 7, 8, 12,

Shell cylindric or swollen in the middle, the upper fourth
tapering to a wide truncation, rather thin, marbled white and
translucent-corneous. Surface rather glossy, sculptured
with oblique low rib-striae, and with a conspicuous row of
white nodules below tlie suture. Whorls slightly convex, the
last very shortly free or rarely adnate, rounded below, with
a very low basal cord. Aperture subcircular. the white peri-
stome expanded and reflexed. Axis very slender above, some-
what swollen below the middle, encircled with three subequal
lamellae, the lower one slightly predominating in the penult,
and next earlier whorls, denticulate, the upper lamella equal-
ing it in the next two whorls upward.

Length 14, diam, 3.3 mm. ; whorls ll 1 /^.

Length 13, diam. 3.5 mm.; whorls 11-12 (Pfr.).

Length 11.2, diam. 3.1 mm.; whorls lO 1 /^-

Western Cuba: Catalina de Guane, Pinar del Rio (Wright).

Cyl. albocrenata Gundl. mss., PFR., Malak. Bl., xi, 1863, p.
7, no. 51; Monogr., vi, p. 373. ARANGO, Contrib., p. 116.
SOWB., C. Icon., xx, pi. 4, f. 27.

Somewhat like U. perlata of eastern Cuba, but albocrenata
differs by the strong striation and marbled coloration, and
has a wholly different type of axial sculpture. It varies from
a strictly cylindric shape to moderately swollen.

68. U. TRIPLICATA (Arango).

Shell subrimate, cylindric-turreted, rather solid, remotely

UROCOPTIS, S. G. GONGYLOSTOMA. 199

thread-striate, straw colored. Spire long, a little more swol-
len in the middle, the apex generally truncate, whorls 15-16;
rather flattened, the last shortly free, not carinate. Aperture
subcircular; peristome white, equally reflexed throughout.
Suture deep, not crenulate. Internal column strong, pro-
.vided with three equal, parallel lamellae. (Arango.)

Length 14, diam. 3 mm. (spire entire).

Western Cuba: "La Jagua, " near La Palrna, dist. of Con-
solacion del Norte, in Pinar del Rio, on the plantation of D.
Rafael Azcui (Arango).

Cyl. triplicata ARANGO, Proc. A. N. S. Phila. 1882, p. 105.

"Differs from all Cuban Cylindrellas by the form of the
internal column. In shape the shell is similar to C. lirata
(Jim.) and C. mixta (Wr.)."

It may be near U. albocrenata, but it is not variegated and
the suture is simple.

Section Callonia Crosse & Fischer, 1870.

Callonia C. & F., Journal de Conchyliologie for 1870, p. 18.
Type and sole species Cyl. elliotti Poey. PILSBRY & VANATTA
(in part), Proc. A. N. S. Phila. 1898, pp. 271, 276.

Urocoptis with three axial lamellcc, the upper one largest
in the median whorls, the lower lamella denticulate or spi-
nose. Surface sculptured ivith large liolloiv ribs. Type U.
elliotti, pi. 48, figs. 1, 2, 3. (Kallone, elegance.)

MM. Fischer and Crosse considered the dentition to be quite
divergent from that of other Urocoptis; but while somewhat
specialized by reduction of the number of teeth, it is not more
so than in many Cuban forms of Gongylostoma, and gives no
ground for ranking Callonia higher than numerous other
phyla in the genus. See pi. 60, fig. 9, U. dautzenbergiana.

Callonia is like Liocallonia in the structure of the pillar,
the attenuated early whorls and smooth apex, but it is aber-
rant in the sculpture of hollow ribs, homoplastic with those
of Idiostemma, Holospira minima, etc., and representing the
acme of sculptural modification in this family.

There are two species of Callonia: U. elliotti, in which the
last whorl is adnate or very shortly free, and not descending,

200 UROCOPTIS, S. G. GONGYLOSTOMA.

and with high, subtriangular ribs, and U. dautzenbergiana,
with the last whorl free and descending, and having lower
ribs. These two forms were noticed by Poey, who, however,
did not consider them specifically distinct. In the "Memo-
rias sobre la Historia Natural de la isla de Cuba," IT, p. 93,
he states that they occupy separate areas half a league,
apart, the one (elliolti) on the mountain called Guane, the
other (var. b, now dautzenbergiana} on that called Paso-Real.
They were finally separated by Crosse in 1890.

69. U. ELLIOTTI (Poey). PL 48, figs. 1, 2, 3.

Shell long-turrete, much attenuated above, rather rapidly
increasing in size above the middle, the lower half (or more
in truncate shells) much wider and somewhat cylindrical.
Spire normally entire or nearly so. Surface golden brown,
with a silken lustre, between elevated, triangular, white hol-
loiv ribs, 8 in number on the penult, whorl ; these ribs reduced
to low riblets on the attenuated upper portion of the spire.
Whorls about 32, convex, the last rounded below, not descend-
ing, very shortly free in front. Aperture obliquely oval or
subcircular, the peristome thickened and reflexed. Axis en-
circled with three lamellae, the upper one largest in the inter-
mediate whorls, the lowest lamella smallest and set with small,
delicate, wide-spaced spines.

Length 24, diam. 3.5-3.8 mm.

Length 25, diam. 4 mm. (Poey).

Western Cuba: Sierra de Guane, Pinar del Rio (Elliott,
Arango) , on walls exposed to the sun.

Cyl. elliotti POEY, Memorias, ii, pp. 37, 93, pi. 5, f. 1, 2
(1857). PFR., Malak. BL, v, 1858, p. 7; Monogr., iv, p. 706;
Novit. Conch., p. 458, pi. 100, f. 20-22 (exclusive of var.).
CROSSE & FISCHER, Journ. de Conch., 1870, pp. 9, 12, 25, pi. 3,
f. 9-13 (teeth). ARANGO, Contrib., p. 123. SOWERBY, C.
Icon., xx, pi. 6, f. 47 a. CROSSE, Journ. de Conchyl., 1890,
p. 211, pi. 4, f. 5.

Closely related to the next species. Named for the son of
Bishop Stephan Elliott, who first found the species.

UROCOPTIS, S. G. GONGYLOSTOMA. 201

70. U. DAUTZENBERGIANA (Crosse). PI. 48, figs. 4, 5, 6.

Shell similar to U. elliotti, from which it differs in the
following characters: It is more lengthened, and tapers more
gradually; there are more whorls, 33 or 34 (to about 40,
according to Poey) ; the last third or half of the last one free
and descending. The ribs are less elevated and less trian-
gular, and extend further up the spire.

Length 27.5-31, diam. 3 mm.

Western Cuba: Paso-Real de Guane (Elliott et al.).

Cyl. elliotti var. b, POEY, Memorias, ii, p. 37, pi. 5, f. 3, 4.
PFR., Novit. Conch., pi. 100, f. 23, 24. SOWERBY, C. Icon., xx,
pi. 6, f. 47 6. C. dautzcnl>ergiana CROSSE, Journ. de Con-
chyl., 1890, p. 212, pi. 4, f. 6. PILS. & VAN., Proc. A. N. S.
Phila. 1898, p. 276, pi. 18, f. 18 (axis).

Readily distinguished from U. elliotti by the more gradu-
ally tapering spire and free, descending last whorl. In a
large series of both species these differences are constant,
and support Crosse's opinion of the specific value of U. daut-
zenbcrgiana. It is named for one of the present editors of
the Journal de Conchyliologie. For the dentition see p. 110.

Section Liocallonia Pilsbry, 1892.

Calloma, somewhat smooth species, PILS. & VAN., Proc.
A. N. S. Phila. 1898, p. 276.

Urocoptis with three axial lamellre, the upper one thin,
decidedly the largest of the three in the median ivhorls; the
lower one denticulate or spinose. Surface smoothish, striate
or with thread-like rib-striae. Type U. vincta.

The dentition of U. vincta (pi. 63, fig. 1) does not differ
materially from that of U. elegans, etc. The lateral teeth
decrease in size very slowly, only the outermost two or three
being noticeably shortened. The ectocones are large, and the
teeth crowded. It is for the genus a normal and unspecial-
ized radula. The shell is also relatively unspecialized, the
sculpture being of primitive type, and the last whorl but
shortly free.

This series is akin to the group of U. angustior, being dif-
ferentiated therefrom only by the invariable presence of three

202 UROCOPTIS, S. G. GONGYLOSTOMA.

axial lamellae, the upper one widest. It is also related to-
Callonia, from which the weak external sculpture alone sepa-
rates it. The typical group of Gongylostoma (U. elegans,
etc.) also is allied, but here the median lamella when present
is short and low, and the upper one is thickened, and scarcely
larger than the lower lamella. The species of Liocallonia are
only feebly differentiated and very difficult to distinguish.

Key to Species of Liocallonia.

I. Shell sculptured with thread-like rib-strise.

1. Length 16-18 mm., with 15 whorls in truncate, 20 in
entire specimens; axial lamelke strong and subcqual
in penult, whorl. U. guirensis, no. 71.

2. Length 17, diam. 3 mm., whorls 13 ; obliquely costu-
late-striate ; 3 lamella? in median, 2 in last whorl.

U. stearnsi, no. 72,

3. Smaller, having spaced riblets like U. blainiana, but
riblets the color of the shell; axis 3-lamellate, the
upper lamella larger. U. palmcc, no. 73,

4. Length 12-13 mm., with 12-13 whorls remaining in
the truncate shell ; median lamella smaller in penult,
whorl. U. infortunata, no. 74.

II. Shell finely striate or nearly smooth.

1. Three subequal lamella? in the penult, whorl, viewed
from behind,

a. Entire with 17-19 whorls, or narrowly truncate
with 13-15 ; length 12-14 mm. ; brownish cor-
neous. U. brunnescens, no. 80.

b. Truncate, with 15-17 whorls, length 14i/ 2 -16y 2
mm. ; pale corneous ; nearly smooth, but with
strong stria? below the sutures. U. clara, no. 81.

c. Truncate, with 9y 2 -ll whorls, length ll-12i/ 2
mm. ; very finely striate. U. propinqua, no. 82.

2. Median lamella reduced or obsolete in penult, whorl.

a. Lower lamella enlarged and stout in the back
of last whorl, and weakly emerging at the lip;
shell rather widely truncate, with 12-14 whorls ;
length lli/>-16 mm. U. vincta, no. 83.

UROCOPTIS, S. G. GONGYLOSTOMA. 203

a 1 . Lower lamella slender in the last whorl.

&. Truncate, with 12 whorls, length 11-13
mm. U. oligomesus, no. 79.

c. Entire or narrowly truncate ; whorls 16 in
truncate, 19-23 in entire shells; length 13-
16 mm.

U. saxosa, no. 77 ; U. patruelis, no. 78.

d. Entire or narrowly truncate; whorls 18-
20 in entire shells ; length 11-13 mm.

U. notata, no. 76.

U. c<zcili<z, no. 75, described as similar to elegans but with
four lamella?, may belong to this group, or to the typical
group of Gongylostoma.

71. U. GUIRENSIS ('Gundl.' Pfr.). PI. 48, figs. 9, 10, 16.
Shell cylindrical, the upper third or fourth rather rapidly

tapering to a narrow truncation ; thin, corneous or whitish-
corneous, lustreless, regularly sculptured with narrow ivhite
riblets, which are arcuate or nearly straight, but slightly
oblique, and separated by intervals about three times the
width of the riblets. Whorls slightly convex, the last rounded
and very weakly, obtusely keeled below, shortly free in front.
Aperture subcircular, the peristome narrowly reflexed. Axis
with three lamellae, all continuing into the last whorl, sub-
equal in the penult, whorl, but in the median whorls the upper
one is much the largest, and the lower smallest (fig. 16).

Length 16.5, diam. 2.6 mm.; whorls 15 (spire truncate).

Length 17.5, diam. 3 mm.; whorls 20 (Pfr.; spire entire).

Western Cuba: Sierra de Guira, dist. Santiago de los Banos,
Pinar del Rio, on moss-covered stones in shady places (Gund-
lach).

Cyl. guirensis Gundlach mss., PFR., Malak. Bl., xi, 1863,
p. 11, no. 60; Monogr., vi, p. 379. ARANGO, Contrib., p. 120.

Well distinguished by the thread-like riblets and the dis-
parity in size of the lamellae in the median whorls, as shown
in the upper part of fig. 16.

72. U. STEARNSI (Gundlach).

Shell shortly rimate, cylindric-turrete, truncate, obliquely

204 UROCOPTIS, S. G. GONGYLOSTOMA.

costulate-striate, opaque, pale corneous. Spire a little taper-
ing above, the 13 remaining whorls rather flattened, the last
shortly free in front, more strongly costulate-striate, angular
at the base. Aperture oblique, subcircular, the peristome
white, equally expanded and a little reflexed throughout.
Internal column with 3 lamellce in the median whorls, the
upper one wider; in the last whorl there are 2 lamellae
(Gundl. in Arango). Length 17, diam. 3 mm.; diam. apert.
2.5 mm.

Western Cuba: Under stones at Sabana de Robles, near
Madruga, prov. of Habana.

Cyl. stearnsi ARANGO, Contrib., p. 114 (description quoted
from Gundlach mss.).

Probably belongs to Liocallonia, but the description of the
axis also fits some of the U. elegans group.

73. U. PALM.E ('Gundl.' Arango).

Differs from Cyl. blainiana by having the riblets the color
of the shell, and the internal colurnella 3-lamellate, the upper
lamella larger (while in blainiana it is nearly simple)
(Arango) .

Western Cuba: Between Palma and Caiguanabo, in Pinar
del Rio (Wright).

Cyl. palma? Gundl. mss., ARANGO, An. Real Acad. Cien, etc.,
de la Habana, xii, p. 285, no. 16 (1876) ; Contrib., p. 119.

74. U. INFORTUNATA (Arango). PI. 48, figs. 11, 14, 15.

Shell cylindrical, the upper third tapering to a rather wide
truncation; thin, corneous, subtransparent. Surface glossy,
sculptured with thread-like riblets, separated by intervals of
double or three times their width, somewhat stronger on the
neck. Whorls convex, the last rounded below, grooved below
the axial chink, produced in a slightly descending neck in
front. Aperture circular, oblique, the lip thin, narrowly
reflexed. Axis with three lamelloa, the upper one much the
larger in the intermediate whorls, middle lamella smallest,
lower lamella with distant delicate spines, which are wanting
in the two lower whorls (fig. 14).

UROCOPTIS, S. G. GONGYLOSTOMA. 205

Length 12, diam. 3 mm.; whorls

Length 13, diam. 3 mm.; whorls 12 (Arango).

Western Cuba: La Chorrera, near Vinales, Pinar del Rio
(Arango).

Cyl. infortunata ARANGO, Proc. A. N. S. Phila. 1882, p. 106
(June 27, 1882) ; 1884, p. 212, fig. 4.

Much more strongly sculptured than saxosa, vincta, brun-
nescens and clara. The name alludes to the broken condition
of the original specimen. Figured from a topotype received
from Arango.

75. U. C.ECILLE ('Gundl.' Arango).

Very closely related to Cyl. eleyans, but strongly striate,
the whorls less flat, suture deeper and generally the whorl is
brownish below it. Internal column with four lamellae in
the median whorls, the upper lamina dilated ; in the last whorl
it has two lamellae (Arango}.

Western Cuba: On the plantation "Union" or "Dos Ce-
cilias" near Coliseo, district of Guamacaro, prov. Habana.

Cyl. ccccilicc Gundl. mss., ARANGO, Anales de la Real Acad.
Cien. Med., Fis. y Nat. de la Habana, xii, p. 284 (1876) ;
Contrib., p. 113.

Known to me by the above description only. Not figured.

76. U. NOTATA ('Gundl.' Pfr.). PL 51, figs. 15, 16, 17, 24,
25, 26, 27.

Shell slender, turreted, nearly regularly tapering, or with
the upper third more rapidly decreasing, thin, corneous,
somewhat transparent; somewhat glossy, obliquely and very
closely striate. Whorls 18-20, rather convex, the last pro-
duced forward and somewhat descending, with no trace of a
basal keel, the neck sharply but still closely and finely striate.
The spire is entire or merely the tip may be broken, the nepi-
onic shell consisting of about 2y 2 rather globose whorls.
Aperture oblique, subcircular, the peristome white, somewhat
thickened and reflexed. Axis slender, with three delicate
lamellae the upper largest in the intermediate whorls, the
lower smallest, armed with rather long, obliquely placed

206 UROCOPT1S, S. G. GONGYLOSTOMA.

spines. The upper and middle lamellse become obsolete in
the penult, whorl (pi. 51, fig. 24).

Length 13, diam. 2.3 mm. ; whorls 20.

Length 12.7, diam. 2 mm. ; whorls 19.

Length 11.2, diam. 2 mm. ; whorls 18.

Western Cuba : Sierra de Guira, at San Diego de los Banos
(Gundlach) ; Rangel and Mogotes de Galalon (Arango) ; San
Andres (Chas. Wright), all in prov. Pinar del Rio.

Cyl. notata Gundlach mss., PFR., Malak. Bl., xi, 1863, p. 10 ;
Monogr., vi, p. 372. ARANGO, Contrib., p. 116. CROSSE, J.
de C., 1890, p. 228. SOWERBY, Conch. Icon., pi. 11, f. 102.

There is sometimes a pale brown band at the periphery and
following the suture, as noted in the original description;
but this is wanting in most of the individuals I have seen.

It is smaller than U. saxosa and brunnescens, with more
whorls in the same length. The apex is either entire or nearly
so, and the striation of the neck, while becoming thread-like,
is not more spaced than on the spire.

In some specimens the median lamella of the axis is want-
ing, the lower one with very delicate, thread-like white spines
(pi. 51, figs. 26, 27). I can see no other difference whatever
between these and the typical form. Figs. 15, 16, 17, 24 are
from S. Andres specimens ; figs. 26, 27 are from Rangel.

77. U. SAXOSA (Poey). PI. 51, figs. 4-6, 20.

Shell slightly rimate, frequently not rimate, cylindric-
turrete, entire, very rarely truncate, obliquely striate, glossy,
glassy and pale corneous. Spire attenuate above; suture
simple; whorls 23 in an entire specimen (16 in a truncated
shell), convex, the last free in front, closely costulate, com-
pressed near the rima, elsewhere cylindrical. Aperture ob-
lique, subcircular ; peristome white, equally expanded and a
little reflexed throughout. Length 16, diam. 2% mm. (Poey).

Western Cuba: Sierra del Rangel, on marble rocks (Poey,
Arango) ; Sierra del Rosario at San Cristobal (Cisneros),
and the coffee plantation of San Leon (Gundlach), all in
Pinar del Rio.

Cyl. saxosa POEY, Memorias, ii, pp. 31, 61, pi. 3, f. 10, 11

UROCOPTIS, S. G. GONGYLOSTOMA. 207

(1857). ARANGO, Contrib., p. 115. CROSSE, J. de C., 1890,
p. 228. ? C. volubilis PPR., Conchyl. Cab., p. 24, pi. 3, f. 15-17.

The specimens figured are from Rangel, the type locality.
It is a corneous, subtranslucent shell, with the apex perfect
or narrowly truncate. The upper third tapers rather rapidly,
the rest of the shell being subcylindric ; last whorl more or less
free and descending. There is no basal keel. The axis bears
three lamella, the upper one in the intermediate whorls is
decidedly largest, the lower one smallest, and bearing slender,
rather long widely spaced spines (short in some specimens).
The size and number of whorls varies a good deal.

Length 14.5, diam. 2.3 mm.; whorls 2214 (spire complete).

Length 13, diam. 2.3 mm.; whorls 19 (spire complete).

Arango has called attention to the diverse sculpture of the
axis in this species and C. volubilis Morel., a species with
which Pfeiffer united saxosa.

78. U. PATRUELIS (Arango).

Very like Cyl. saxosa Poey, but distinct by the very wide
upper lamella of the trilamellate internal column, the lower
lamella but little prominent ; by the wider shell, less produced
last whorl, flatter and more widely spaced riblets (Arango).

Western Cuba: Plantation San Felipe Benicio, near Can-
delaria, Pinar del Rio (Arango).

Cyl. patruelis AR., An. Real Acad. Cien., etc., de la Habana,
xii, p. 283, no. 11 (1876) ; Contrib., p. 115.

79. U. OLIGOMESUS Pilsbry, n. sp. PL 48, fig. between 8 and
12, and fig. 13.

Shell cylindric in the lower half, the upper half tapering
to a moderately wide truncation; thin, corneous, subtrans-
parent, often reddish-brown or dusky above from the con-
tained soft parts. Surface glossy, finely and regularly
striate, the stria? low, but on the last half whorl becoming
thread-like and sometimes more spaced. Whorls convex, the
last free, produced in a short neck. Aperture circular, the lip
equally expanded and reflexed throughout. Axis with three
lamella, the upper widest, median lamella very low, smallest,

208

UROCOPTIS, S. G. GONGYLOSTOMA.

the lower lamella rather distantly and subobsoletely den-
ticulate (pi. 48, fig. 13).

Length 13, diam. 3 mm. ; whorls 12.

Length 11, diam. 2.5 mm. ; whorls 12.

Cuba: Los Cayos de San Filipe, district of Vinales, prov.
Pinar del Rio (Chas. Wright).

Near U. saxosa, from which it differs chiefly by the much
reduced median axial lamella. U. propinqua is somewhat
more finely striate, and has the three lamellae well developed
in the penult, whorl, while in U. oligomesus the upper two are
weak there. Some shells before me from Vinales, in which
the striation is nearly effaced except near the sutures, seem
to be referable to this species.

80. U. BRUNNESCENS ('Gundl.' Ffr.). PI. 51, figs. 1-3, 18.

Shell cylindric below, the upper half or less tapering to a
narrow truncation or an entire apex; brownish-corneous, thin,
glossy, sculptured with fine and subobsolete but rather reg-
ular striae, becoming stronger, thread-like on the last whorl;
the intervals as wide as the strice. Whorls convex, the last
rounded beneath, without a carina, shortly free and descend-
ing in front. Aperture subcircular or obliquely rounded-
oval; peristome w r hite, narrowly reflexed. Axis with three
lamellae, the upper one much the largest in the intermediate
whorls, lower lamella smallest, distantly spinose. In the
penult, whorl the three lamellae are subequal (fig. 18).

Length 14.5, diam. 2.8 mm.; whorls 15 (truncate).

Length 12, diam. 2.5 mm.; whorls 13 (truncate).

Length 12.3, diam. 2.7 mm. ; whorls 171/2 (apex entire) .

Length 13-14, diam. 2.5 mm.; whorls 15-19 (Pfr.).

Western Cuba: Hato Caimito, near the Pan de Guajaybon,
Pinar del Rio, on stones (Gundlach, Wright).

Cyl. briuDicsccns Gundl. mss., PFR., Malak. Bl., xi, 1863,
p. 8, no. 53; Monogr., vi, p. 376. ARANGO, Contrib., p. 118.
Sown., C. Icon., xx, pi. 10, f. 92.

The figures are from topotypes. It scarcely differs from
U. saxosa externally, except by the brown tint ; but the three
lamellae are stronger and subequal in the penult, whorl, as in
U. propinqua.

UROCOPTIS, S. G. GONGYLOSTOMA. 209

81. U. CLARA ('Wright' Pfr.). PL 51, figs. 11, 12, 13, 14, 22.
Shell cylindric, the upper third slowly tapering to a rather

wide truncation, thin, pale corneous, translucent, the axis
showing through; surface glossy, smooth, with short, rather
coarse, low stria: Icloiv the sutures, the last whorl distinctly
striate,' its latter half having well spaced thread-like rib-
striae, becoming more crowded near the lip. Whorls 15-17,
moderately convex, the last becoming free and descending
in front, rounded and without a carina below, the neck white
above, and grooved below the umbilical chink. Aperture
circular, the peristome narrowly reflexed. Axis with three
lamellae, the upper quite wide, the lower very small and
bearing very widely spaced, long, curved and very delicate
white spines.

Length 16.5, diam. 3.2 mm. ; whorls IG^.

Length 14.6, diam. 2.8 mm.; whorls 15.

Length 15, diam. 3 mm.; whorls 16-17 (Pfr.).

Western Cuba: Sugar plantation Quinones, near Bahia
Honda, Pinar del Rio (Wright).

Cyl. clara Wright mss., PFR., Malak. Bl., xii, 1865, p. 119 ;
Monogr., vi, p. 362; Novit. Conch., p. 436, pi. 97, f. 18-21-
ARANGO in Poey, Repert, ii, p. 270; Contrib., p. 108.
SOWB., Conch. Icon., xx, pi. 9, f. 82.

The short, subobsolete stride under the suture are charac-
teristic. It is somewhat larger than U. brunnescens with
more whorls and different sculpture, and the lamellae differ
somewhat, especially in the last whorl.

82. U. PROPINQUA ('Gundl.' Arango). PI. 51, figs. 19, 23.

Shell subrimate, cylindric-turreted, rather solid, nearly
smooth, whitish; spire generally truncate;- suture subcrenu-
late. Whorls remaining 11-12, nearly flat, the last not
keeled at the base, striated anteriorly, shortly free. Aper-
ture subcircular ; peristome a little reflexed, the right mar-
gin usually somewhat sinuate within by the descent of the
internal fold. Internal column three-plicate, the upper fold
widest (Arango). Dimensions not stated.

210 UKOCOPTIS, S. G. GONGY.LOSTOMA.

Western Cuba : Vinales, Pinar del Rio, in the same locality
with C. capillacea.

Cyl. propinqua Gundl., ARANGO, Proc. Acad. N. S. Phila.
1882, p. 108 (June 27, 1882).

The original description is translated above. Associated
with specimens of U. capillacea collected at Vinales by Chas.
Wright, I found a number of tri-lamellate shells (pi. 51,
figs. 19, 23) no doubt referable to U. propinqua. They are
rather broadly truncate, corneous or slightly yellowish cor-
neous, a little more finely striate than U. saxosa, but the
striae are low and subobsqlete, glossy, the striae closer on the
neck than in U. saxosa and allied species. The axis has
three strong lamellae, subequal in the penult, whorl, above
which the upper lamella decidedly dominates, the other two
being about equal, the lower one rather distantly spinose.
In the tapering upper whorls the median lamella disappears,
the other two being about equal, the lower one rather closely
serrate. It resembles the pillar of U. brunnescens (pi. 51,
fig. 18) so closely that I have thought it superfluous to figure
both.

Length 12.4, diam. 3 mm. ; whorls 11.

Length 11, diani. 2.8 mm.; whorls 9y 2 .

The truncation is broader than in U. saxosa.

83. U. VINCTA ('Gundl.' Pfr.). PL 51, figs. 9, 10, 21, and
fig. above f. 8.

Shell cylindrical, the upper third tapering to a moderately
wide truncation, thin, corneous, more or less translucent;
glossy, nearly smooth, sculptured with, low, often nearly
obsolete, rather coarse, weak striae, becoming distinct and
rather crowded on the last half whorl. Whorls moderately
convex, the last rounded beneath, free in front, the neck
grooved below the umbilical chink. Aperture subcircular,
oblique, the peristome white, narrowly reflexed, the colu-
mella provided with an emerging fold below. Axis with
three lamella, the upper one wide in the intermediate whorls,
the median lamella smallest, obsolete in the penult, whorl,

UROCOPTIS, S. G. GONGYLOSTOMA. 211

the lower lamella small, more or less crenulate, becoming
very strong in the last whorl, and iveakly continued below

to the lip.

Length 15, diam. 2.8 mm. ; whorls 14.

Length 12.5, diam. 3.2 mm.; whorls 12.

Length Iiy 2 -16, diam. 3 mm.; whorls 12-13 (P/V.).

"Western Cuba: Hato Sagua, at the foot of the Pan de
Guajaybou, Pinar del Rio, on rocks in shady forests (Gund-
lach) .

Cyl. vincta Gundlach mss., PFR., Malak. Bl., xi, 1863, p. 7,
no. 52; Novit. Conch., p. 434, pi. 97, f. 8-11; Monogr., vi,
p. 361. ARANGO, Contrib., p. 105.

Near U. saxosa (Poey), but the lower lamella continues
to the lip, producing a notch at the base of the columella.
Figured from topotypes.

Section Gongylostoma Albers, 1850.

Gongylostoma ALB., Die Heliceen, p. 208, for C. sowerby-
ana, humboldtiana, rosea, variegata, elegans, crispula,
sagraiana and philippiana of Pfr., and porrecta Gld.
MARTENS, Die Hel., 1860, p. 38, C. elegans selected as type.
PILS. & VAN., Proc. A. N. S. Phila. 1898, pp. 269, 271, 276.

Urocoptis with one or two spiral lamellse, the lower one
denticulate, at least in the upper whorls; sometimes a short
smaller lamella between the two. Shell unicolored, corneous
or brownish, or with paler riblets on a corneous ground.
Type U. elegans (Pfr.).

The dentition (pi. 60, fig. 8, U. elegans auberiana) is sim-
ilar to that of most other West Cuban Cylindrellas, the
central teeth being wide, the laterals having large ectocones.
They decrease in size rather rapidly, nearly half the teeth
of each row being shortened and oblique; and they are less
crowded than in Liocallonia. Callonia has similar teeth,
but the number is reduced, and the cusps are narrower.
Whether these small differences between the teeth of the
sections of Gongylostoma will prove constant when more
species are examined remains to be seen.

212 UROCOPTIS, S. G. GONGYLOSTOMA.

This is the most difficult group of Cuban Urocoptis, not
only because many of the species are very similar, but on
account of the numerous unfigured and not fully described
forms introduced by Arango. The key given below is to be
regarded as a first attempt.

There is a regular and uninterrupted gradation in axial
structure from the two strong lamellas of the group of U.
elegans and U. crispula, to the single weak spiral thread of
the group of U. capillacea.

In the group of U. elegans there is often a short third
lamella interposed between the other two. The upper
lamella is noticeably thicker than the lower one. In some
of the other groups the upper lamella also is thin.

Key to Species of Gongylostotnu s. str.

I. Shell ribbed; uniform or with light ribs on a darker
ground; two axial lamellge (group of U. crispula).

1. Sinistral. U. coronadoi, no. 88.

2. Dextral.

a. Two axial lamellae subequal, both stout.

U. crispula, no. 87.

6. Upper lamella decidedly thicker than lower.

U. artemisice, no. 84.
c. Lamella subequal, both thin.

U. gutierrezi, no. 85; U. lirata, no. 86.

3. Dextral, small with only one well-developed axial
lamella.

a. Rapidly tapering above ; 12 to 15 x 3 mm.,

with 12-15 whorls. U. fusiformis, no. 104.

&. Length 10 to 12, diam. about 3 mm., with

81/2 to 9 whorls. U. garciana, no. 108.

II. Shell striate, the axis with two or three strong lamellae.

1. Strias coarse but low, sometimes effaced on the

convexity of each whorl.

a. Small, about 11x3 mm., with 9%-ll whorls;
upper lamella obsolete above the last 4 whorls.

U. distincta, no. 98.

UROCOPTIS, S. G. GONGYLOSTOMA. 213

6. 10 x 2.75 mm., with 10 whorls.

U. difficultosa, no. 96.

c. Larger, 13-21x3.5-4.5 mm., whorls 9-12.

U. I. trinidadensis, no. 97.

d. Larger, 17.5 x 4 mm., whorls 13 ; whitish,
base carinate. U. prima, no. 92.

2. Striae rather fine, subobsolete on the convexity of
each whorl; axis slender, the upper lamella small,
not extending into the last two whorls.

U. cristallina, no. 100.

3. Densely striate, 16x4 mm., with 13 whorls ; upper
lamella stronger. U. confusa, no. 93.

4. Very densely, sharply and finely striate, 13 x 3.2
mm. with 12, to 16.5 x 3.4 mm. with 14^ whorls ;
axis stout, with two strong lamellae.

U. fortis, no. 95.

5. Very finely, subeffaced striate, glossy, the whorls
nearly flat; 12-15.5 mm. long, 2.7-3 diarn., whorls
10-13 ; upper axial lam. stout, rounded, the lower
compressed, less wide. U. planospira, no. 94.

6. Smooth, the last whorl striate ; suture crenulate ;
21 x 4 mm., 12 whorls ; interior unknown.

U. lavalleana, no. 97.

7. Finely striate, the lower axial lamella slightly
more widely projecting than the upper.

U. hilleiana, no. 91 ; U. e. subelegans, no. 90 b.

8. Finely striate, the upper axial lamella slightly
predominating over the lower, a median one often
developed.

a. Cylindric, with 10%-16 whorls.

U. elegans, no. 90; U. arangiana, no. 89.
6. Fusiform, 10-12 whorls.

U. e. aubcriana, no. 90 a.

III. Small, striate or with spaced riblets, two weak lamellae
encircling the axis (group of U. angustior).
1. Shell truncate when mature.

a. Sculptured with strong, narrow riblets; 121/2
x 3 mm., whorls 12. U. fusiformis, no. 104.

214 UROCOPTIS, S. G. GONGYLOSTOMA.

6. Finely striate; whorls 14-15, 11-12x2.5 mm.

U. fraterna, no. 101.

c. Striate; whorls 10-11.

aa. Striation coarse and low or subobso-
lete; upper lamella obsolete in upper
half of shell; 10-12x3-3.3 mm.

U. distincta, no. 98.

66. Opaque, carinate below; 10x2.75 mm.

U. consanguinea, no. 99.
cc. Smooth on convexity of whorls, else-
where regularly striate ; 10-12 x 2.3-2.7
nun. U. cristallina, no. 100.

dd. Densely hair-striate ; 15 x 3.3 mm. ; like
U. fortis in shape and sculpture.

U. fumosa, no. 102.
2. Spire entire, not truncate.

a. Eibbed ; 15.5 x 3 mm. ; whorls 14y 2 .

U. fusiformis, no. 104.

&. With wide-spaced, thread-like strise, stronger
near the sutures; 13-16 x 2.6 to 3 mm. ; whorls
15 to 17. U. integra, no. 105.

c. Finely striate; neck descending; 13 to 17
x 2.5 mm., whorls 17-19.

U. angustior, no. 103.

d. Closely, obsoletely striate, whitish ; 16 x 2.25
mm., whorls 17. U. imparata, no. 106.

IV. Small, slender species, with a single spiral axial thread
or lamella (group of U. capillacea).

1. Sculpture of wide-spaced thread-like riblets.

U. remota, no. 109; U. garciana, no. 108; U.
fusiformis, no. 104; U. crassildbris, no. 114.

2. Closely striate or nearly smooth.

a. Apex entire; very closely and very finely
striate; 10 to 12x2.5 mm., whorls 13-14.

U. capillacea, no. 112.

1). Truncate; like U. elegans, but axis encircled
by a thick thread. U. moralesi, no. 110.

UROCOPTIS, S. G. GONGYLOSTOMA. 215

c. Truncate; delicately, closely striate, glossy;
12x3 mm., whorls 10-11.

U. maclioi, no. 107.

d. Truncate; weakly striate or nearly smooth,
whitish hyaline; 12x2.6 mm., whorls 11.

U. concreta, no. 111.

e. Slightly truncate, cylindric-subulate, smooth,
pellucid whitish ; 15 x 3 mm., whorls 19.

U. volubilis, no. 113.

(Group of U. crispula.)
84. U. ARTEMISIA ('Gundl.' Pfr.). PI. 54, figs. 67, 68, 69, 70.

Shell rimate, fusiform-turreted, rather solid, obliquely
somewhat closely rib-striate, hardly shining, flesh-colored;
spire a little swollen in the middle, noticeably tapering
above, truncate. Whorls remaining 11, a little convex, the
last cylindrical, shortly free in front and somewhat descend-
ing, slightly dilated and more closely costulate. Aperture
nearly diagonal, subcircular; peristome equally, narrowly
expanded. Internal column encircled by two strong, sub-
equal laminae. Length 12-12i/^, diam 3^ mm.; apert. diam.
1/3 mm. (Pfr.).

Western Cuba: Town of Artemisa (Gundlach) ; Marianao
(Arango, Rhoads), both westward from Havana.

Cyl. artemisicu Gundlach mss., PFR., Malak. Bl., xi, 1863,
p. 6; Monogr., vi, p. 380. ARANGO, Contrib., p. 121. C.
artemesicc SOWERBY, Conch. Icon., xx, pi. 12, f. 106.

The shape, somewhat swollen in the middle, is character-
istic. The color of Artemisa specimens is pale brownish
flesh color, the riblets lighter, but owing to the adhesion
of a coat of soil, museum specimens commonly are brick-
red, like Sowerby's figure, which I have copied (pi. 54,
fig. 69) . These shells retain 9^ to 13y 2 whorls, but in the
latter case several upper ones have been abandoned, 10 to 11
being the ordinary number. The riblets are well raised,
thread-like and oblique, only slightly arcuate, and separated
by spaces of about three times their width. There are about

216 UROCOPTJS, S. G. GONGYLOSTOMA.

four riblets in the space of a millimeter. On the back of
the neck they become more crowded, and of course still more
so on its front. The axis is rather wide below, and in the
penult, and three preceding whorls it bears two equally
prominent lamellae, both rather stout, with the edge rounded,
but the upper cord is the heavier. In still earlier whorls
the upper cord disappears abruptly, and the lower is nar-
rower and minutely denticulate at the edge.

Length 14, diam. 3.4 mm.; whorls 11.

Length 11.5, diam. 3.3 mm.; whorls 9y 2 .

The specimens from Marianao (pi. 54, fig. 70) are larger
than the above, longer, often more strictly cylindric. They
are like those from the type locality internally, except that
the upper lamella persists somewhat further upward.

Length 17, diam. 3.3 mm.; whorls 12

Length 14, diam. 3.4 mm. ; whorls

Length 12.5, diam. 3 mm. ; whorls

They occur there with U. (Cochlodinella) poeyana var.
variegata, a more finely striate species but of about the same
size.

85. U. GUTIERREZI (Arango). PI. 54, figs. 72, 72, 73.

"Very closely related to artemisia, but the shape is more
cylindrical, and the internal column is bilamellate (as in
artemisicc} , but the laminas are compressed and weak (in
artemisice they are strong)." (Arango.)

Western Cuba: Isabel Maria, in Pinar del Rio (Wright).

Cyl. gutierrezi AR., Anales de la Real Academia de Cien-
cias medicas, fisicas y naturales de la Ilabana, xii, p. 283,
no. 9 (Feb. 15, 1876) ; Contrib., p. 121.

This species has a cylindrical, truncate shell, the upper
third or more frequently the fourth slowing tapering. It
is flesh colored and sculptured with whitish thread-like rib-
lets separated by intervals fully three times their width ;
on the very short neck they are generally not more crowded.
The aperture is but slightly oblique, brown inside, nearly
circular, but the columellar margin is perceptibly less arcu-

UROCOPTIS, S. G. GONGYLOSTOMA. 217

.ate than the outer lip. The white peristonie is reflexed.
The axis bears two slender, compresssed, subequal lamellae.
It is like the Marianao form of U. artemisice in shape, color
and sculpture, but differs in the slender axial lamellae, while
in artemisiac the upper one is stout and cord-like. U. gutier-
rezi, named for the founder of the Royal Academy of Med-
ical, Physical and Natural Sciences of Havana, was discov-
ered by Charles Wright, and distributed by him as Cyl. no.
370.

Length 14.3, diam. 3 mm. ; whorls ll 1 /^-

Length 11.3, diam. 2.9 mm.; whorls 10.

86. U. LIRATA ('Jimeno' Pfr.).

Shell fusiform-cylindric, rather solid, sculptured w r ith
nearly straight, close, cord-like ribs, rufous-corneous. Spire
somewhat swollen, rather widely truncate; suture crenulated
by the projection of the ends of the riblets. Whorls remain-
ing 10, a trine convex, the last tapering, horizontally pro-
duced, more closely costulate anteriorly. Aperture oblique,
depressed-circular; peristome white, subequally expanded
throughout. Internal column with two compressed, obliquely
revolving lamellae, the upper one stronger. Length 13, diam.
4:% mm., aperture nearly 3 mm. high, a little wider (Pfr.}.

Western Cuba: Near the city of Matanzas (Don Francisco
Jimeuo) .

Cyl. lirata Jimeno mss., PFR,, Malak. Bl., xi, p. 12 ; Monogr.,
vi, p. 378. ARANGO, Contrib., p. 119.

Unknown to me. Pfeiffer states that it stands nearest to
U. crispula, which also has two parallel lamellae upon the
internal column ; but in crispula they are equal, less acute,
and more obliquely ascending. Moreover, I i nil a is more
swollen, with straighter ribs; the neck longer and projects
horizontally forward. Arango queries the locality Matan-
zas, but from the characters of the shell, it would be expected
to occur in that part of Cuba.

87. U. CRISPULA (Pfeiffer). PI. 54, fig. 77.

"Shell truncate, subcylindric, more swollen above the mid-

218 UROCOPTIS, S. G. GONGYLOSTOMA.

die, thin, pale corneous, crispate-ribbed with waved folds.
Whorls 12-13, convex, the last tapering, free, a little pro-
duced. Aperture orbicular; peristome expanded and a little
reflexed throughout. Length 15, diara. 4, diam. of aperture
3 mm." (Pfr.).

Western Cuba: A wood on a coffee plantation between
Buena Vista and El Fuiidator, near the latter place, on the
river Canimar, prov. Matanzas (Pfr.).

Clausilia crispula PFR., Wiegm. Archiv fiir Naturgeschichte
1839, i, p. 353. Cyl. crispula PFR., I. c. 1840, i, p, 42 ; Phil.,
Abbild., i. p. 181, pi. 1, f. 13; Monogr., ii, p. 377; Conchyl.
Cab., p. 27, pi. 4, f. 1-3. ARANGO, Contrib., p. 119.
SOWERBY, C. Icon., pi. 5, f. 39. Pupa crispula OLD., Journ.
Boston Soc. N. H., iv, p. 492.

This shell is nearly white, and usually a trifle wider above
the middle than below. The slightly crimped riblets, though
narrow and compressed, hardly more than a fourth the width
of the intervals, are generally at least in part hollow, a few
broken down on the spire usually showing this structure.
The neck is short, and the internal column like that figured
for U. artemisice. Pfeiffer's type was an unusually large
example, most specimens measuring less, length 13, diam.
3.2 mm. ; whorls 11.

88. U. CORONADOI ('Arango' Pfr.). PI. 54, fig. 71.

Shell sinistral, subcylindric or moderately swollen in the
middle; lustreless, corneous or flesh-tinted, sculptured with
narrow, oblique hardly arcuate riblets, separated by wide
intervals; whorls convex, the last shortly free. Aperture
circular, somewhat oblique, the peristome whitish, slightly
expanded. Internal column encircled by two lamellae, the
lower compressed, minutely denticulate in the earlier whorls,
the upper lamella low and rounded, cord-like.

Length 12, diam. 3.3 mm.; whorls 10.

Length 11.5, diam. 2.8 mm. ; whorls 10.

Length 13.5, diam. 3 mm.; whorls 10-11 (Pfr., types).

Western Cuba: Puentes Grandes, type locality; Chorrera
(Arango) ; Carmelo (S. N. Rhoads), all near Havana.

UROCOPTIS, S. G. GONGYLOSTOMA. 219

Cyl. coronadoi Arango, PPR., Malak. Bl., xi, p. 13 ; Monogr.,
vi, p. 378; Novit. Conch., p. 251, pi. 63, f. 26-29. SOWEBBY,
C. Icon., xx, pi. 12, f. 108. ARANGO, Contrib., p. 119. f C.
corona SCHAUF., Paetel, Cat., p. 68.

Near U. crispula, but constantly sinistral, with the peri-
stonie narrower, but slightly expanded, and the upper axial
lamella is smaller, reduced to a rounded cord, more obliquely
coiled than the lower lamella. The young shell is attenuated
near the apex, then increases more rapidly. The first two
whorls are smooth, and apparently about 9 are rejected in
the adult state. Named for Don Francisco Javier Coronado,
a conchologist and physician of Havana.

(Group of U. elegans.)

89. U. ARANGIANA ('Gundl.' Arango).

Like Cyl. elegans, but differing in the greater number of
whorls in specimens of equal length ; in the more cylindric
shape of the shell, the whorls less convex. Fourteen whorls
remain. It especially differs from elegans in that the inter-
nal column has two stronger, thicker, subequal lamellje in
all the whorls, the upper one a little wider (Gundlach).

Western Cuba: Canasi, near Matanzas (Arango).

Cyl. arangiana Gundl. mss., ARANGO, Contrib., p. 113
(1878). Known to me by the original description, trans-
lated above. It must be very similar to the typical U. elegans.

90. U. ELEGANS (Pfeiffer). PI. 53, figs. 41-45, 66.

"Shell decollate, cylindric, the truncate apex slightly
attenuate; glossy, hyaline, reddish or brown near the apex;
very obliquely and closely, elegantly striate. Whorls 16,
convex, subequal, the last narrowed, protracted, subcylin-
drical. Aperture circular, the peristome simple, expanded
throughout. Length 19, diam. 4 mm.; apert. with perist.
3>4 mm. diam." (Pfr.).

Western Cuba: Very abundant around Matanzas, espe-
cially on the banks of the Canimar river, at El Fundator
(Pfr.). Ferinicea (Wright).

Clausilia elegans PFR., Archiv f. Naturg., 1839, i, p. 353.

220 UROCOPTIS, S. G. GONGYLOSTOMA.

Cylindrella elegans PFR., 1. c., 1840, i, p. 42; Phil., Abbilcl., i,
p. 180, pi. 1, f. 12; Monogr., ii, p. 374; iii, 572; iv, 701; vi,
371; viii, 434; Conchyl. Cab., p. 23, pi. 3, f. 3-5 (typical;
6-11 var.). DESK., in Fer., Hist, p. 228, pi. 164, f. 26-28.-
A. SCHMIDT, Der Geschlechtsapparat der Stylommatophoren
in taxonomisclier Hinsicht, Abh. Nat. Ver. Sachsen u. Thur.
in Halle, p. 50, pi. 14, f. 110 ( genitalia) . W. G. BINNEY,
Proc. A. N. S. Phila. 1875, p. 251, pi. 20, f. 6, and Ann. N. Y.
Acad. Sci., iii, p. 126, pi. 14, f. B (dentition). ARANGO,
Contrib., p. 113. Pupa elegans Pfr., GLD., Bost. Journ. N. H.,
iv, p. 490. Pupa (Siphonostoma} lituus GLD., Bost. Journ.,
iv, pt. 1, on cover. Cyl. nobilis STENTZ mss., teste Villa.
Pupa obtorta MKE., in litt., teste Pfr. Balea truncatula
VILLA Disposit. Syst., p. 25, teste Pfr.; no descr. (1841).

The typical form of U. elegans (pi. 53, figs. 41-45, 66) is
a long, pillar-shaped, whitish-corneous shell, with the strongly
tapering upper third or fourth of the length of a brown or
reddish tint, or sometimes pale yellowish. It is often a little
wider at the upper third, or the lower two-thirds may be
cylindrical. The truncation is narrow. The whorls are dis-
tinctly convex, numerous, 13 to 17 in normal truncate speci-
mens, and 22 to 24 in those retaining the apex in maturity,
according to Pfeiffer, who found several. The last whorl
becomes free, tangential and slightly descending, and is usu-
ally a little flattened at the top of the neck. The strife are
arcuate and regular, slightly narrower and sharper on the
neck. The longest axis of the aperture is obliquely trans-
verse ; it is slightly ovate, the columellar side being less arcu-
ate and wider. The axis bears two spiral lamellae, both
becoming obsolete in the last whorl, about equal in the pre-
ceding two whorls, while in several still earlier whorls the
upper lamella predominates, and there may be a weak median
cord developed. The lower lamella is finely more or less
denticulate, and in one or two median whorls it usually is
shallowly grooved along the summit, with a narrow denticu-
late thread in the furrow.

Length 19.5, diam. 3.6 mm.; whorls 17y 2 (but plug at 13y 2
whorls).

UROCOPTIS, S. G. GONGYLOSTOMA. 221

Length 18, diam. 3.8 mm. ; whorls IS 1 /^.
Length 18, diam. 3.5 mm. ; whorls 14%. j
Length 16, diam. 3.8 mm. ; whorls 12^. v Ferinicea.
Length 12.5, diam. 3.3 mm.; whorls lO 1 /^- )
Figs. 41, 42 represent typical specimens received from
Poey many years ago, probably from the original locality.
Figs. 43, 44, 45 are copies of Pfeifr'er's original figures. Fig.
66 is the pillar of a specimen of the same form from Feri-
nicea. The chief variation, aside from the usual mutability
in size noted in the measurements given above, is in tho
internal pillar, which occasionally has a minor median cord,
such as I have drawn in fig. 64 of pi. 53, or even approaching
the structure shown in fig. 52. There is also a form with a
narrow brown band bordering the suture below (fig. 46) .
In this form the upper lamella is the larger in the median
whorls, and there is a low intermediate cord, as in some speci-
mens of typical elegans. It was found by Gundlach on the
plantation "Union," where also the brown-sutured U. cae-
cili(c occurred. (Cf. Pfr., Conchyl. Cab., p. 24, var. no. 4.)

90 a. Var. auberiana (Orbigny). PL 53, figs. 56, 57, 51,
52, 53.

Somewhat broader, and usually more swollen in the middle,
shells of the same length being more or less fusiform, wider
than in U. elegans, and with fewer whorls; corneous or
brownish-corneous. Neck usually a little shorter. Axis
with the upper lamella perceptibly larger than the lower,
and usually a smaller lamella revolves between them.

Length 18, diam. 4 mm. ; whorls 12.

Length 15.5, diam. 4 mm. ; whorls 10.

Length 13, diam. 3.6 mm. ; whorls 10.

Length 1_3, diam. 3.5 mm.; whorls 10 ( Orbigny 's type).

Pupa auberiana ORB., in de la Sagra's Hist. Cuba, Moll., i,
p. 184, pi. 12, f. 21-23. PFR., Monogr., ii, p. 376. Cyl
ckyaits SOWERBY, C. Icon., xx. pi. 4, f. 30.

Orbigny 's specimens of auberiana were supplied by Poey,
and some received from the same naturalist under that
name are in the collection of the Academy.

222 UROCOPTIS, S. G. GONGYLOSTOMA.

90 b. Var. subelegans Pilsbry, n. v. PL 53, figs. 47, 48, 49, 50.

Shell deeply riinate, subcylindric, a little swollen in the
middle, tapering above; pale corneous, very glossy, very
finely arcuate-striate, the striee lower and finer than in U.
elegans or auberiana. Whorls rather convex, the last shortly
free, very densely and more sharply striate on the neck.
Aperture nearly round, the lip white, expanded, not reflexed
as in U. elegans. Axis with two lamellae, the lower one
widest.

Length 20, diain. 4.4 mm. ; whorls 12%.

Length 16.5, diam. 4 mm. ; whorls 10.

Length 12.5, diam. 3.3 mm. ; whorls 10%.

Western Cuba: Artemisa, Pinar del Rio (Chas. Wright) ;
La Salud (R. Araugo).

Urocoptis elegans variety, PILS. & VAN., Proc. A. N. S.
Phila. 1898, p. 276, pi. 18, f. 17.

Similar to auberiana, but more finely striate, and with the
lower axial lamella larger instead of the upper, although in
many specimens the disparity is less marked than in that
figured. The lip is far narrower than in U. elegans. Cf.
U. hilleiana.

91. U. HILLEIANA ('Gundl. ' Arango).

Shell cylindric-turrete, truncate, rather solid, obliquely,
very finely striate, opaque, brownish-ashen. Whorls 13-14
remaining, convex, somewhat contabulate, the last free.
Peristome expanded a little, whitish. Suture deep, simple.
Aperture subcircular. Length 14, diam. 3i/ nnn. Internal
column encircled by two thick lamellae, the anterior one
wider. (Arango).

Western Cuba: Madruga, province of Habana (Gundlach).

Cyl. hilleiana Gundl. mss., ARANGO, An. Real Acad. Cien.,
etc., de Habana, xii, p. 282, no. 8 (1876).

Dedicated to Dr. Luis Hille, of Marburg, Germany.

92. U. PRIMA (Arango).

Shell rimate, cylindric-turrete, rather solid, somewhat
closely, obsoletely ribbed, whitish; spire noticeably tapering

UROCOPTIS, S. G. GONGYLOSTOMA. 223

above the middle, truncated in the single specimen known ;
suture crenulate; remaining whorls 13, rather flattened, the
last carinate at the base, shortly free in front. Aperture
oblique, subcircular; peristome shortly expanded, subsinuate
anteriorly at the keel. Internal column ornamented with two
descending folds. Length 17.5, diam 4 mm. (Arango).

Cuba.

Cyl. prima ARANGO, Proc. A. N. S. Phila. 1882, p. 107
(June 27, 1882).

93. U. CONFUSA (Arango).

Shell rimate, cyliudric turrete, solid, closely striate, whit-
ish; spire noticeably tapering above the middle, shortly trun-
cate; suture not crenulate; whorls remaining 13, rather flat,
the last carinate at the base, shortly free in front. Aperture
subcircular, the peristome narrowly expanded. Internal col-
umn provided with two strong, slowly descending lamellae,
the upper one stronger. Length 16, diam 4 mm. (Arango).

Cuba.

Cyl. confiisa ARANGO, Proc. A. N. S. Phila. 1882, p. 107.

94. U. PLANOSPIRA (Pfeiffer). PI. 53, figs. 61, 62, 60.

Shell cylindric, slowly tapering to a wide truncation above,
thin, pale corneous; surface glossy, very densely and finely
sculptured with close, nearly straight, low strise, becoming
rather coarse and sharp on the last half whorl. Whorls but
slightly convex, almost flat, the last free in front, the neck a
little contracted and rounded. Aperture rounded, the lip
expanded, reflexed and thickened. Axis bilamellate, the
upper lamella stout and rounded, more prominent than the
lower, which is compressed and slightly serrate.

Length 15, diam. 3 mm. ; whorls 12.

Length 12.3, diam. 2.7 mm. ; whorls 10.

Length 15.5, diam. 3 mm.; whorls 13 (Pfr., type).

Western Cuba: Managua, 15 miles S. by E. of Havana
(Poey).

Cyl. planospira PFR., Malak. Bl., ii, 1855, p. 99, pi. 5, f . 4, 5 ;
Conchyl. Cab., p. 24, pi. 3, f. 12-14; Monogr., iv, 701; vi, 371;

224 UROCOPTIS, S. G. GONGYLOSTOMA.

Malak. Bl., xi, p. 9. ARANGO, Contrib., p. 114. SOWB., C.
Icon., xx, pi. 16, f. 137. Cyl. subita POEY, Memorias, ii,
pp. 32, 61, pi. 3, f. 12, 13. PFR., Malak. Bl., iii, p. 222;
Monogr., iv, p. 692. Cyl. concinna Arango, according to Pfr.
Well distinguished by its almost flat whorls, glossy surface,
with very fine, almost effaced striation, but becoming sharply
costulate on the neck. Arango gives the locality Sitio Per-
dido, in Jaruco, where Clerch collected it, and Bejucal; but
the specimens he sent as planospira from the latter place are
a form of U. elegans. In Malak. Bl., xi, Pfeiffer states that
Arango collected planospira at the mountain Cuzco, near
Cayajabos ; but in the Contribution no mention is made of
this locality for the species. Fig. 60 is from that of Pfeiffer.

95. U. FORTIS ('Gundl.' Pfr.). PL 53, figs. 54, 55, 59.

Shell cylindric, the upper third or fourth tapering to the
wide truncation; pale corneous, somewhat glossy when clean,
but normally dull and soiled; the surface very closely, sharply
striated, the stria thread-like, becoming a trifle more spaced
on the neck. Whorls narrow, slightly convex, the last shortly
free, rounded. Aperture rounded, oblique, the peristome
expanded and a little reflexed. Axis very stout, fusiform,
with two strong spiral lamella?, the upper one heavier and
somewhat larger in the intermediate whorls, the lower
lamella delicately spinose in the upper whorls.

Length 16.5, diam. 3.4 mm.; whorls

Length 14.8, diam. 3.7 mm. : whorls

Length 13, diam. 3.2 mm. ; whorls 12.

Length 16, diam. 3.66 mm.; whorls 13-14K (Pfr., type).

Western Cuba: Ceiba Mocha, near Matanzas (Gundlach,
Arango, Wright).

Cyl. fortis Gundlach mss., PFR,, Malak. Bl., xi, 1863, p. 5;
Monogr., vi, p. 375. ARANGO, Contrib., p. 117.

Distinct by its very fine, dense, sharp striation, short
\v!mrls, and the stoutness of the strongly bilamellate internal
axis. The external sculpture reminds one of the Jamaican
U. hydrophana. The rosy tint noticed by Pfeiffer is due to
adhering soil.

UROCOPTIS, S. G. GONGYLOSTOMA. 225

96. U. DIPFICULTOSA (Arango).

Shell rimate, cylindric-turrete, rather solid, glossy, obso-
letely costulate, pale straw-colored; spire shortly truncate,
the suture not crenulate. Whorls remaining 10, rather flat,
the last subcarinate at the base, not protracted. Aperture
oval, the peristome shortly expanded, the left margin less so.
Internal column ornamented with two strong folds. Length
11, diam. 2.75 mm. (Arango).

Cuba.

Cyl. diflicultosa ARANGO, Proc. A. N. S. Phila. 1882, p. 107.
-Cyl. difficilis CROSSE, Journal de Conchyl., 1890, p. 218
(emendation of difficultosa) .

Differs from C. concreta by the riblets, non-solute last
whorl, and form of the internal column (Arango).

97. U. LAVALLEANA (Orbigny). PI. 54, figs. 85, 86.

Shell much lengthened, subcylindric, thin, fragile, trans-
parent, very smooth. Spire very much lengthened, cylindric
anteriorly, attenuate behind, and truncate at the summit,
which is acute in the young; composed of 12 quite narrow,
convex whorls; the last whorl produced laterally near the
mouth, longitudinally striate, carinate beneath. Whorls
separated by a rather deep suture, which is regularly crenu-
late. Aperture free, lateral, oval, oblique, with thin, slightly
reflexed, continuous peristome. Color uniform light brown.
Length 21, diam. 4 mm. (Or&.).

Western Cuba: Cerro de Cuzco (MM. Auber and Delatre).
Central Cuba: Sitio Quemado and Guinia de Miranda, dis-
trict of Trinidad, prov. Santa Clara (Gundlach).

Pupa lavalleana ORB., in Sagra, Hist. Cuba, Moll., i, p. 183,
pi. 12, f. 18-20. Cyl. lavalleana Orb., PFR., Monogr., ii, p.
372 ; iv, 693 ; vi, 362 ; Conchyl. Cab., p. 17, pi. 9, f . 18-25.-
ARANGO, Contrib., p. 106. fCyl. lavaUiana SOWB., C. Icon.,
pi. 7, f. 56.

The original description is given, and the original figures
are copied, pi. 54, figs. 85, 86. The locality given by Orbigny,
"Cerro de Cuzco," is apparently the mountain of that name
near Cayajabos, in Pinar del Rio. The internal structure
of this form is unknown.

226 UROCOPTIS, S. G. GONGYLOSTOMA.

Var. trinidadensis Pils., n. v. PI. 54, figs. 83, 84, 87.

The specimens before me from the interior of Trinidad,
central Cuba, where Gundlach collected, are what Poey,
Arango and Pfeiffer (Malak. Bl., iv, p. 110) have identified
as lavalleana, but they seem to differ from the original de-
scription in sculpture, being either rather coarsely rib-striate
throughout, or with the striae partially effaced on the con-
vexity of each whorl, instead of being "very smooth," as
Orbigny states. The axis (pi. 54, fig. 87) is slender, encir-
cled by two larnellse, the upper one cord-like, rather heavy,
the lower lamella thinner, broader, finely serrate at the edge,
persisting in the penult, whorl, where the upper lamella is
obsolete. The shell is drawn out in a very long, slender
point in the young, according to Pfeiffer. The size varies
within wide limits.

Length 21, diam. 4.5 mm. ; whorls 12.

Length 17, diam. 4 mm. ; whorls 11.

Length 13. diam. 3.5 mm. ; whorls 9.

Pfeiffer seems to have examined the type of lavalleana in
the British Museum. This variety is one of the easternmost
species of its kind; but central Cuba has apparently been
very imperfectly explored for land shells.

Group of U. angustior.

Shell small. Axial lamella two, decidedly weaker than in
the preceding group. Sometimes a short, low third cord is
interpolated.

98. U. DISTINCTA ('Gundl.' Arango). PI. 53, figs. 58, 63, 65;

pi. 55, figs. 2, 9, 10, 11.

Shell pale brownish-corneous, slightly swollen in the mid-
dle, coarsely striate, but the striae are low and rounded,
stronger on the early whorls, and on the base and neck of
the last whorl they become elevated and thread-like. Some-
times the striai are subobsolete on the cylindrical portion of
the shell, except near the sutures. The internal pillar has
two spiral lamella in the penultimate and preceding two
whorls, the lower lamella moderately strong, with rounded

UROCOPTIS, S. G. GONGYLOSTOMA. 227

edge, the upper lamella lower, but slightly stouter, cord-like.
The upper lamella diminishes upwards, hardly appearing
in the upper half of the shell, where the axis is straight,
encircled by a single compressed, denticulate lamella.

Length ]2.6, diam. 3.3 mm.; whorls 10%.

Length 12, diam. 2.9 mm. ; whorls 11.

Length 10.8, diam. 3 mm.; whorls 9y 2 .

Western Cuba: Punta de la Jaula (type locality) and
Sitio Nuevo, Guane (Wright).

Cylindrella concreta Gundl., PFR., Novit. Conch., pi. 97,
f. 12-15, but not the description. Cyl. distincta Gundl. mss.,
ARANGO, An. Real Acad. Cien., etc., de la Habana, xii, p. 284,
no. 13 (1S76).

Formerly confused with U. concreta, which is almost ex-
actly similar in external characters. Pfeiffer figured a speci-
men of distincta for concreta in the Novitates Concliologicae.
Probably Sowerby's figure of concreta is referable rather to
the present species.

99. U. CONSANGUINEA (Arango).

Differs from the preceding [difUcultosa] by the opaque
shell, last whorl carinate at the base, and internal column
provided with two weaker descending lamina?. The number
of whorls and length of the shell are as in the preceding
species (Arango}.

Cuba.

Cyl. consangiiinea ARANGO, Proc. A. N. S. Phila. 1882,
p. 107.

100. U. CRIST ALLINA ('Wright,' Pfr.). PI. 54, figs. 80, 81, 82.

Shell subrimate, cylindric below, the upper half or third
tapering to a rather wide truncation; thin; transparent
whitish. Surface very glossy, smooth or narly so on the
median convexity of each of the whorls of the cylindrical
portion of the shell, elsewhere regularly striate, the sutures
finely crenulated by the stria; base and neck of the last
whorl striate. Whorls convex, the last shortly free in front.
Aperture round-oval, oblique, the peristome very narrowly

228 UROCOPTIS,, S. G. GONGYLOSTOMA.

reflexed. Axis slender, encircled by a low spiral lamella,
which in the upper whorls is distantly denticulate, and a
smaller lamella above it, extending downward only into the
third whorl from the base. The two lamellae are of about
equal size in the whorls of the upper half of the shell.

Length 10.3, diam. 2.3 mm. ; whorls 10 to 11.

Length 12, diam. 2.75 mm.; whorls 11 (Pfr., type).

Western Cuba: La Palma, Pinar del Eio (Wright).

Cyl. cristallina Wright mss., PFR., Malak. Bl., xii, 1865,
p. 120; Monogr., vi, p. 363; Novit. Conch., p. 437, pi. 97,
f. 22-25. ARANGO, Contrib., p. 108. CROSSE, J. de C., 1890,
p. 219.

Not unlike U. distincta, but the axis is weaker, the lower
lamella small, and the upper lamella is obsolete in the lower
whorls, nowhere conspicuous, so that Pfeiffer describes the
column as "subsimplex, vix torta;" and indeed it escaped
notice by Mr. Vanatta and myself in our paper of 1898
(p. 277). Figures 81, 82 are from specimens received from
Wright, fig. 80 from Pfeiffer.

101. U. FRATERNA n. sp. PL 55, figs. 1, 6.

Like U. capillacea in shape and color, but more coarsely
striate, and the axis bears two spiral lamella. Whorls 14^/2
to 15, the spire complete.

Length 12, diam. 2.5 mm.

Length 11, diam. 2.3 mm.

Western Cuba: Isabel Maria, in dist. of Pinar del Rio,
prov. P. del R. (Chas. Wright, no. 382).

A very closely related form, probably identical, occurs at
los Cayos de San Filipe, in the district of Vinales, prov.
Pinar del Rio, where Wright collected specimens before me.

102. U. FUMOSA ('Gundl.' Pfr.).

Shell subrimate, cylindric-turrete, rather solid, very
densely, obliquely hair-striate, silky, corneous-brown; spire
lengthened, a little swollen in the middle, the apex truncate.
Whorls remaining 11, a little convex, the last free, subsulcate
on the left side. Aperture a little oblique, circular; peri-

LTROCOPTIS, S. G. GONGYLOSTOMA. 229

stome white, equally reflexed all around. Internal column
encircled by two thread-like, but slightly projecting folds.
Length 15, diam. 3.33 mm.; aperture diam. 2.5 mm. (P/V.).

Western Cuba: Plantation Camiabaco, at the foot of El
Palenque, a hill in the western part of prov. Matanzas, under
stones, .(Gundlach).

Cyl. fumosa Gundl. mss., PFR., Malak. Bl., xi, 1863, p. 5;
Monogr., vi, p. 375. ARANGO, Contrib., p. 118.

Near U. fortis in shape and sculpture, but very different
in internal structure. I have not seen specimens.

103. U. ANGUSTIOR ('Wright' Pfr.). PI. 59, figs. 79, 80, 81.

Shell very slenderly subfusiform, the last three normal
whorls of about equal diameter, those above tapering in a
muck attenuated, usually entire spire to the globose, smooth
apex; thin, corneous, somewhat transparent, brown above.
Surface glossy, finely and regularly striate, the strias as wide
as the intervals. Whorls convex, the last free, the free por-
tion straight, produced downward and forward. Aperture
oblique, subcircular, the lip continuous, expanded and some-
what reflexed. Axis slender, encircled by two delicate
lamellae, the lower one weakly denticulate, the upper lamella
smaller, obsolete in the later whorls.

Length 15.5, diam. 2.5 mm. ; whorls 19y L . ) Cayos de

Length 13, diam. 2.4 mm. ; whorls 17. j S. Filipe.

Length 14, diam. 2.33 mm.; whorls 18-19 (Pfr., type).

Length 17.5, diam. 2.5 mm.; whorls 18y 2 (El Guania).

Western Cuba: Cayos de San Filipe, district of Vinales,
Pinar del Rio (Wright) ; El Guania, Pinar del Rio (Arango).

Cyl. augustior Wright mss., PFR., Malak. Bl., xi, 1864,
p. 130; Monogr., vi, 384. ARANGO, Contrib., p. 124. Not
of SOWERBY, C. Icon., xx, pi. 11, f. 97.

Allied to U. capillacea, distincta, etc., but more slender,
retaining all or most of the spire, which is strongly attenuate
above. In some specimens the upper axial lamella is almost
or quite obsolete. Mr. Sowerby has figured some other spe-
cies for this one. but it is quite impossible to tell what.

230 UROCOPTIS, S. G. GONGYLOSTOMA.

104. U. FUSIFORMIS ('Wright' Pfr.). PI. 59, figs. 75, 76, 82.
Shell subcylindric below, the upper half tapering to a

narrow truncation or an obtuse, entire apex, thin, whitish
corneous. Surface lustreless, sculptured with strong narrow
ribs, which are parted by spaces of three or four times their
width. Whorls convex, the last shortly free, slightly de-
scending. Aperture circular, the peristome reflexed through-
out. Axis with a single delicate, acute lamella near the
base in each whorl, denticulate at the edge, and either nearly
simple above it, or encircled by one or two weak, low and
inconspicuous spiral cords.

Length 12.5, diam. 2.9 mm.; whorls M 1 /^ (apex entire).

Length 15.5, diam. 3 mm.; whorls 12 (Pfr., type; truncate).

Western Cuba: San Diego de los Banos, Pinar del Rio
(Wright) ; Guladon a Carquanabo (Wright).

Cyl. fusiformis Wright mss., PFR., Malak. Bl., xi, 1863,
p. 12; Monogr., vi, p. 380. ARANGO, Contrib., p. 120. Not
Pupa fusiformis C. B. Ad., 1845, a var. of Anoma maugeri.

The spaced riblets remind one of the U. crispula group,
but the delicate axial sculpture is widely unlike that group.

105. U. INTEGRA (Pfeiffer). PI. 59, figs. 71, 72, 73, 74.

Shell fusiform, much attenuated above, the apex entire;
pale brown. Surface somewhat dull, sculptured with rather
widely spaced, thread-like riblets, which are stronger and
whitish near the sutures, weak or obsolete on the convexity
of each whorl, usually continuous on the last whorl. Whorls
convex, the last free, descending and produced forward, the
neck acutely costulate. Aperture oblique, circular, brownish
within ; peristome continuous, expanded and reflexed. Axis
slender, trilamellate, the lower lamella largest, minutely
denticulate above, extending weakly in the last whorl ; median
lamella well developed in the third and fourth whorls up-
ward, weak or hardly entering the last whorl. Upper
lamella low and small, sometimes obsolete.

Length 14.5, diam. 2.75 mm. ; whorls 16!/o.

Length 13.5, diam. 3 mm. ; whorls 16.

Length 11.5, diam. 2.6 mm. ; whorls 14%.

UROCOPTIS, S. G. GONGYLOSTOMA. 231

Length 16, diam. 3 mm.; whorls 17 (Pfr., type).

Length 13, diam. 2.66 mm. (Pfr.).

Western Cuba: Banos de San Diego on stones (Gundlach,
Arango) ; Hato Caimeto (Wright).

Cyl. integra PFR., Malak. BL, iii, 1856, p. 47; Monogr., iv,
p. 704 ; vi, 379 ; Conchyl. Cab., p. 31, pi. 4, f . 16-18. GUND-
LACH, Malak. BL, iv, p. 47. ARANGO, Contrib., p. 120.
SOWERBY, C. Icon., xx, pi. 10, f. 93 (bad).

Somewhat like U. hidalgoi, though that is a much smoother
shell with the neck longer. In one small specimen opened,
the sculpture of the pillar is reduced, there being only one
weak thread ' revolving above the usual lower one (fig. 74),
so delicate and so little twisted that it would hardly be
noticed except by careful examination. Perhaps this indi-
cates another species, but it may be only an extreme variation
of the usual type.

106. U. IMPARATA (Arango).

Shell not rimate, fusiforni-cylindric, rather solid, glossy,
rather closely, obsoletely striate, whitish. Spire regularly
tapering, entire. Suture deep, not crenulate. Whorls 17,
flattened, the last subangulate, shortly free. Aperture sub-
circular, the peristome a little reflexed. Internal column
encircled by two thin lamella?. Length 16, diam. 2.25 nun.
(Arango} .

Cuba.

Cyl. imparata ARANGO, Proc. A. N. S. Phila, 1882, p. 108.
C. imporata Gdlch., PAETEL, Catalog, ii, p. 248 (1889).

Group of U. capillacea.

Small, corneous or pale, unicolored, thin species, with the
axial armature reduced to a single lamella or spiral thread.
These forms were formerly grouped in Tomelasmus, but it
is now clear that they are very closely related to the small,
thin forms of Gongylostoma. The axial lamella? in this group
are variable structures, their proportions evidently less con-
stant than external sculpture and coloration in some cases.
There is, moreover, variation in the development of the upper

232

UROCOPTIS, S. G. GONGYLOSTOMA.

spiral thread or cord, which makes it difficult to tell, in some
cases, whether a specimen is to be considered to have one or
two axial spirals

107. U. MACHOI (Arango).

Shell cylindric-turrete, truncate, thin, obliquely delicately
and closely striate, glossy, whitish. Whorls 10 to 11, a little
convex, the last sculptured with more widely spaced riblets.
Suture deep, simple. Aperture subcircular, the peristome
simple, white. Internal column twisted with a single thread.
Length 12, diam. 3 mm. (Arango) .

Western Cuba: Canasi, near Matanzas.

Cyl. machoi ARANGO, Anales de la Real Acad. de Ciencias
Med., Fis. y Nat. de la Habana, xii, p. 282 (1876) ; Contrib.,
p. 113.

At first sight it looks like a small variety of C. elegans,
but the internal pillar differs widely (Arango).

108. U. GARCIANA ('Wright' Presas). PI. 58, figs. 67, 68.

Shell subcylindric-fusiform, somewhat swollen in the mid-
dle, tapering above, truncate; thin, corneous, lustreless.
Surface sculptured with narrow, widely spaced riblets, 28
to 30 on a whorl, becoming crowded on the latter part of the
last whorl. Whorls convex, the last shortly free, rounded
beneath. Aperture subcircular, the lip white, thickened and
expanded. Axis a little sinuous, being encircled by a low,
spiral cord, which in some upper whorls is more or less den-
ticulate (pi. 64, fig. 12).

Length 11, diam. 3.3 mm. ; whorls 9.

Length 10, diam. 2.6 mm. ; whorls 8y 2 .

Length 11 to 12, diam. 3 mm. ; whorls 9, in an entire speci-
men 15 (Presas).

Western Cuba: Palmasola, near Matanzas (Wright);
Camarioca (Gundlach).

Cyl. garciana Wright mss., PRESAS, in Poey's Repertorio

fisico-natural de la isla de Cuba, i, pt. 8, p. 220 (November,

1865). PFR., Malak. Bl., xiii, 1866, p. 62; Monogr., vi, p. 374.

-ARANGO, Contrib., p. 117. Not C. garciana SOWERBY, C.

Icon., xx, pi. 8, f. 66.

UROCOPTIS, S. G. GONGYLOSTOMA. 233

Has the external sculpture of U. crispula and its allies,
or of U. artemesia, but the single weak spiral of the axis
distinguishes garciana.

109. U. REMOTA (Arango).

Shell cylindric-turrete, rather thin, thread-ribbed, dia-
phanous, pale corneous, the riblets remote, whitish. In the
single specimen the apex is truncate, 10 whorls remaining,
rather flattened, the last subcarinate beneath, free in front.
Aperture subcircular, the peristome shortly expanded, sub-
angulate at the place of the caringe. Internal column en-
circled by a single lamella. Length 13, diam. 3 mm.
(Arango).

Western Cuba: Sierra de Guira, in dist. San Diego de los
Banos, prov. Pinar del Rio (Arango).

Cyl. remota ARANGO, Contrib., p. 277 (1880).

Shell very like C. guirensis, but the whorls are wider,
flatter, and the internal column is one-lamellate, and like
C. gutierrezi, but the column is different and the riblets are
more indistinct (Arango).

110. U. MORALES: ('Gundl.' Arango).

Very similar to Cyl. elegans in external features of the
shell, but the internal column differs, being encircled by a
thick thread. (Arango).

Western Cuba: Ceiba Mocha, near Matanzas (Gundlach).

Cyl. moralesi Gundl. mss., ARANGO, An. Real Acad. Cien.
Habana, xii, p. 283, no. 10 (1876) ; Contrib., p. 113.

111. U. CONCRETA ('Gundl.' Pfr.). PI. 55, fig. 7.

Shell shortly rimate, cylindric-turrete, thin, smooth, pel-
lucid, whitish-hyaline. Spire slowly tapering, truncate;
suture simple. Whorls remaining 11, flattened, the last
shortly free, closely striate in front, subsulcate near the axial
chink. Aperture oblique, circular; peristome narrowly ex-
panded and a little reflexed. Internal column with a thread-
like spiral ("columna interna filoso-torta " ) . Length 12,
diam. 2.66, aperture diam. 2.25 mm. (Pfr.).

234 UROCOPTIS, S. G. GONGYLOSTOMA.

Western Cuba: Sitio Nuevo and Punta de Jaula, both near
Guane, Pinar del Rio (Wright).

Cyl. concreta Gundlach mss., PFR., Malak. BL, xi, 1863,
p. 8, no. 54; Monogr., vi, p. 363; Novit. Conch., iii, p. 435
(but not pi. 97, f. 12-15). ARANGO, Contrib., p. 108.
Sows., C. Icon., pi. 12, f. 113 ( ?) .

The original description is given above. Pfeiffer subse-
quently figured as concreta another species from the same
localities, and hardly distinguishable in external features,
but differing in having two axial spirals. This form has
been named distincta (see no. 98).

U. concreta is sometimes nearly smooth, but varies to weakly
striate. The shape is either subcylindric or swollen below,
the upper third or more of the length tapering rather rapidly
to a narrow truncation. The slender axis is encircled by a
thin lamella near the base.

112. U. CAPILLACEA (Pfeiffer). PI. 55, figs. 5, 8.

Shell cylindric below, the upper half tapering to the rather
small, entire apex ; thin, bluish- white, the upper whorls usu-
ally dirty brownish from the contained diy viscera. Surface
glossy, very closely and very finely striate. Whorls 13 to 14,
convex, the last prolonged free forward and dowmvard in a
moderately short neck, which is more coarsely striate, with
wider intervals than the rest of the shell. Aperture round,
oblique; peristome continuous, evenly thickened and reflexed
throughout. Axis encircled low in each whorl by a weak,
low lamella, the edge of which is more or less distinctly
crenulate.

Length 10.5 to 12, diam. 2.5 mm.

Western Cuba: Vinales, type loc. ; also Isabel Maria, dist.
of Pinar del Rio (Wright).

Cyl. capillacea PFR., Malak. BL, xi, 1863, pp. 9, 129;
Monogr., vi, p. 372. ARANGO, Contrib., p. 115.

A very finely striate, bluish-white, subtranslucent shell,
with the axial lamella weak. The neck is sometimes shorter
than in the example figured.

UROCOPTIS, S. G. GONGYLOSTOMA. 235

113. U. VOLUBILIS (Morelet).

"Shell cylindric-subulate, slightly truncate, smooth, pel-
lucid whitish. Whorls 19, a little convex, the last disjoined,
cylindric, forming an obrotund, oblique aperture; peristome
free throughout, a little thickened, narrowly reflexed.
Length -15, diam. 3 mm." (Morel.).

Western Cuba: Pan de Guajaybon (Morelet), in Pinar
del Rio.

Cyl. volubilis MOREL., Testacea Noviss., i, p. 11, no. 17
(1849). PFR., Monogr., iii, p. 576. ARANGO, Contrib., p.
115.

The internal structure of the true Mt. Guajaybon volubilis
is apparently unknown. Pfeiffer placed saxosa Poey as a
synonym of volubilis, but in Monographia, vi, p. 372, he says
that the axis of the latter has a weak spiral thread.

114. U. CRASSILABRIS (Arango).

Shell rimate, subcylindric, rather solid, obliquely remotely
lirate, brownish; spire shortly truncate, the suture subcrenu-
late. Whorls remaining 11, rather flat, the last obsoletely
carinate, shortly solute; peristome white, reflexed, especially
the right margin. Internal column having one weak lamina
below. Length 12.5, diam. 3 mm.

Cuba.

Cyl. crassilabris AR., Proc. A. N. S. Phila. 1882, p. 108
(June 27, 1882).

Section Tomelasmus Pils. & Van., 1898.

P. & V., Proc. A. N. S. Phila. 1898, pp. 271, 276. Type
U. torquata (Morel.). Misquoted Tomelasmus, Zool. Record
for 1898, Moll., p. 60.

This group as originally defined must be abandoned, as it
is now known that the reduction of the lamellae to a single
sub-basal one occurs in various phyla. The section is here
retained for a number of groups, perhaps more allied to one
another than to species of other sections, but still so hetero-
geneous as to make a general definition almost impracticable.

236 UROCOPTIS, S. G. GONGYLOSTOMA.

Group of U. torquata.

Smooth or striate species with the axis straight, bearing a
single, thin, conspicuously serrate, sub-basal lamella. Re-
jected portion of spire very short, the apex smooth and rather
large. Last whorl adnate or very shortly free, usually en-
circled by a basal brown band ; the basal keel weak or obsolete.

In addition to the following species, Cyl moreleti Pfr. may
belong here.
I. Peristome continuous, free or shortly adherent above.

1. Shell corneous, slender, the diam. contained 4 to 7
times in the length.

a. Base strongly carinate. U. acus, no. 121.

a 1 . Basal keel weak or wanting.

b. Rib-striate; length 17-22, diam. 3.7-4.7

mm. U. thomsoni, no. 122.

ft 1 . Wrinkle-striate ; 1. 21-23, diam. 4.2-4.8

mm. U. colorata, no. 123.

6 2 . Very weakly, coarsely striate; length 18-

23, diam. 3.7-3.8 mm. U. adnata, no. 119.

2. Shell whitish, stouter, the diam. contained 3y 2 to 4
times in the length; whorls S^-IO.

a. Closely striate, the strias as wide as the inter-
vals; length 20-24, diam. 5.7-7 mm.

U. arcustriata, no. 124.

a 1 . Rib-strise more spaced, much narrower than
the intervals; length 21.5-26, diam. 5.4-6 mm.

U. assimilis, no. 125.

II. Peristome interrupted or distinctly adnate above; shell
smoothish, more or less crenulate below sutures, last
whorl striate.

1. Dotted and streaked with corneous on a cream-
white ground ; very weakly striate.

U. irrorata, no. 117.

2. Pale fulvous, a little marbled with ashy- white;
obsoletely and remotely striate; base subangular;
length 24, diam. 4 mm. ; whorls 17.

U. crenulata, no. 120.

UROCOPTIS, S. G. GONGYLOSTOMA. 237

3. Banded but otherwise unicolor.

a. Opaque, flesh-colored, the band ascending above
the suture. U. sauvalleana, no. 116.

a 1 . Corneous, somewhat transparent.

&. Length 26-30, diam. 5-6 mm. ; very finely,
subobsoletely striate.

U. torquata, no. 115.

& 1 . Smaller, slender, diam. about 3-4 mm.
c. Base strongly carinate.

U. acus, no. 121.

c 1 . Base obsoletely or thread- or cord-
carinate.

d. Spire smooth.

U. decolorata, no. 118.

d 1 . Spire weakly, coarsely striate.

U. adnata, no. 119 ; U. cren-

ulata, no. 120.

115. U. TORQUATA (Morelet) . PI. 56, figs. 12, 13, 14, 15, 16.

Shell shortly rimate, cylindric, the upper half tapering
slowly to a narrow truncation or an obtuse apex, thin; cor-
neous, the last whorl girt below the middle with a red-brown
band. Surface smoothish, glossy, under a lens showing very
fine, nearly effaced striation, which becomes more distinct on
the last whorl. Whorls slightly convex, inconspicuously
crenulate below the suture, the last rounded beneath, encir-
cled by a slight keel below the band; not free in front.
Aperture rounded-oval, oblique, the peristome expanded,
interrupted above. Columella obliquely truncate below.
Axis encircled near the base in each whorl by a thin, acutely
and strongly serrate lamella.

Length 30, diam. 5.2 mm. ; whorls 12 1 / 4.

Length 26.5, diam. 5 mm. ; whorls 11.

Length 28, diam. 5 mm.; whorls 16 (apex entire).

Length 27, diam. 6 mm.; whorls 12 (Morelet, type).

Western Cuba: Mt. Guajaybon (A. Morelet); Rangel, in
the woods on trees, on the Taco Taco river, Mr. Blain's estate
(Gundlach), both in Pinar del Rio.

238

UROCOPTIS, S. G. GONGYLOSTOMA.

Cyl. torquata MOREL., Testacea Novissima, i, p. 10, no. 13
(1849). PFR., Monogr., iii, p. 579; vi, 358; Conchyl. Cab.,
p. 66 ("torquato"), pi. 7, f. 19, 20; pi. 8, f. 23. GUNDLACH,
Malak. BL, iv, 1857, p. 46. ARANGO, Contrib., p. 104.
Urocoptis (Tomelasmus) torquata Morel., PILS. & VAN., Proc.
A. N. S. P. 1898, p. 276, pi. 17, f. 8 (axis).

Similar to U. sauvalleana, but less narrow, and there is no
band above the suture, and the surface is very finely though
shallowly striate. while in sauvalleana it is smooth. The
deciduous portion of the spire is very short and not espe-
cially attenuate (fig. 15) ; in this the species of this group
resemble Pycnoplychia, and are unlike typical Gongylostoma.

116. U. SAUVALLEANA (Gundlach). PI. 56, figs. 20, 21, 22.

Shell shortly rimate, cylindric, the upper third or half
slowly tapering to the narrow truncation, or retaining the
spire complete; thin; surface smooth and glossy, "opaline
flesh-colored," with a narrow brown or reddish band or line
above the suture. Whorls slightly convex, the last not free,
rounded beneath, its latter half finely striate; girt below the
middle with a narrow purplish-brown band. Suture slightly
crenulate. Aperture irregularly oval, slightly oblique, the
peristome rather broadly expanded, shortly interrupted
above ; columella obliquely truncate below. Axis slender,
encircled near the base with a thin, rather wide serrate
lamella.

Length 30, diam. 5 mm. ; whorls 15.

Length 32, diam. 4 mm. ; whorls 11.

Length 26.5, diam. 4.2 mm. ; whorls 18. }

Length 27, diam. 4.5 mm. ; whorls 18. V Apex entire.

Length 23.5, diam. 4.5 mm. ; whorls 16. j

Western Cuba : Mt. Rangel, on trunks and limbs of trees
(Gundlach) ; Retiro (Chas. Wright) ; Santa Cruz de los
Pinos, dist. of San Cristobal, Pinar del Rio (Arango).

Cyl. sauvalleana GUNDL., Malak. BL, iii, 1856, p. 41 ; iv, p.
46; Poey's Memorias, ii, p. 16 (1857). PFR., Monogr., iv,
p. 710 ; Conchyl. Cab., p. 64, pi. 7, f . 10, 11. SOWB., C. Icon.,
xx, pi. 6, f. 50. ARANGO, p. 104.

UROCOPTIS, S. G. GONGYLOSTOMA. 239

Gundlach remarks that he found this species eastward of
Mr. Blain's estate, where torquata occurs, and that where
one of these species lives the other is not found. Unlike
torquata, the peripheral band follows the suture, bordering
it above.

117. U.'IRRORATA (Gundlach). PL 56, figs. 17, 18, 19.

Shell shortly rimate, cylindric, the upper half tapering
to a narrow truncation or retaining the early whorls; thin;
cream-white, profusely dotted and streaked with corneous,
and generally having a corneous or brown girdle around
the base. Surface glossy, very weakly but coarsely striate,
the base and latter part of the last whorl rib-striate. Whorls
somewhat convex, more or less strongly crenate or denticu-
late below the suture ; the last with a low basal keel, not free.
Aperture obliquely oval, the peristome expanded, interrupted
above; coluniella obliquely truncate. Axis slender, with a
single thin, serrate spiral lamella.

Length 24, diam. 4.7 mm.; whorls 12 (Banos de S. Diego).
Length 17.5, diam. 3.8 mm. ; whorls 11 (Vinales) .
Length 26, diam. 4.5 mm.; whorls 18 (apex entire; B.
Honda) .

Length 22, diam. 3.8 mm.; whorls 17^ (apex complete;
S. Jose de Cuba) .

Length 24, diam. 4.5 mm.; whorls 17 (Gundl., type).
Western Cuba: San Diego de los Banos, on stones (Gund-
lach) ; Santa Catalina, San Jose de Cuba, Sagua, Isabel
Maria, Vinales (Chas. Wright) ; Pan de Azucar (Arango) ;
Bahia Honda (Bid.), all in prov. Pinar del Rio.

Cyl. irrorata GUNDL., Malak. BL, iii, 1856, p. 41 ; in Poey,
Memorias, ii, p. 16, pi. 2, f. 19. PFR., in Conchyl. Cab., p. 64,
pi. 7, f . 12, 13 ; Malak. BL, xi, p. 128 ; Monogr., iv, p. 171.-
SOWERBY, C. Icon., xx, pi. 4, f. 32. ARANGO, Contrib., p. 105.
The dotted and streaked coloration is characteristic. The
following form is probably a synonym.

U. tumidiora (Sowerby). PL 56, fig. 23. "Shell thin,
fulvous, variegated with horny brown, rather pyramidal;
whorls short, rather convex, slightly crenated at the suture,

240 UROCOPTIS, S. G. GONGYLOSTOMA.

with a very narrow red band below, the last notched [rimate].
Aperture connected, anteriorly produced, expanded, a little
contracted above the middle. Cuba." (Soivb.).

Cyl. tumidiora SOWERBY, in Reeve's Conchologia Iconica,
xx, pi. 8, f. 65 (April, 1875).

'The whorls are much shorter and more convex than in
Cylindrella irrorata" (Sowb.).

118. U. DECOLORATA ('Gundl.' Pfr.). PI. 55, figs. 95, 96, 97.

Shell very shortly rimate, slender, cylindric, the upper
third or half tapering to a narrow truncation; thin, pale
corneous, with a faint brown band below the middle of the
last whorl ; the surface glossy, usually worn on the apertural
side, nearly smooth, the last whorl elegantly, finely rib-striate
on the base and behind the outer lip, the early whorls also
showing traces of fine striation. Whorls slightly convex,
weakly, coarsely crenate below the suture, the last having a
low cord-like basal keel, not free in front. Aperture rounded-
oblong, the peristome expanded, wholly adnate or interrupted
above. Axis slender, encircled by a single thin, serrate
lamella.

Length 25-26, diam. 4 mm. ; whorls 14.

Length 20, diam. 3.7 mm. ; whorls 12.

Length 22.5, diam. 3.6 mm.; whorls 17% (apex perfect).

Length 24, diam. 4.5 mm.; whorls 14 (Gundl.).

Western Cuba: Santa Cruz de los Pinos, on trees (Gund-
lach) .

Cyl. decolorata Gundl. mss., PFR., Malak. Bl., xi, 1863, p.
4, no. 46; Monogr., vi, p. 358; Novit, Conch., p. 454, pi. 100,
f. 6, 7. ARANGO, Contrib., p. 104. CROSSE, J. de C., 1890,
p. 209.

Near U. sauvalleana, but more slender, thinner, with no
sutural band, and with stronger sculpture on the latter part
of the last whorl. About 5% whorls are above the plug in
unbroken shells, ordinary truncate individuals having 12
to 14 whorls. Most adult shells have the gloss worn from
the ventral side, which becomes dirty white, a circumstance
which suggested the name. The same wearing is occasionally
observed in LI. torquata and sauvalleana.

UROCOPTIS, S. G. GONGYLOSTOMA. 241

119. U. ADNATA (Pfeiffer). PI. 55, fig. 98.

Shell shortly rimate, cylindric-turrete, rather thin, nearly
smooth, very lightly striate at the sutures, pale corneous;
spire tapering above, the apex truncate; suture light, sub-
crenulate. Whorls remaining 13 to 15, a trifle convex, the
last not- free, rib-striate in front, carinate at the base. Aper-
ture slightly oblique, oblong-rounded, narrowed by a some-
what tooth-like columellar fold within; peristome continuous,
adnate above, elsewhere subequally expanded. Length 19,
diam. 3.66 mm. (Pfr.}.

Western Cuba: Sumidero, a hacienda in district of Pinar
del Rio (Gundlach).

Cyl. adnata PFR., Malak. BL, xi, 1864, p. 129 ; Monogr., vi,
p. 361; Novit. Conch., p. 453, pi. 100, f. 1-3. ARANGO,
Contrib., p. 106. C. adumpta Pfr., CLESSIN, Nomencl. Hel.
Viv. p. 277, no. 41 (1878).

Pfeiffer's original description is given above, and his en-
larged figure copied, pi. 55, fig. 98. The shell is very weakly,
coarsely striate, with wide-spaced rib-striae on the latter part
of the last whorl, and there is often a faint band on the last
whorl, as in others of the group. In shape U. adnata closely
resembles U. thomsoni and U. decolorata, differing from the
former in the weak sculpture and adnate peristome (though
occasionally the parietal edge is distinctly raised) ; from
U. decolorata in being less smooth and less closely rib-striate
behind the outer lip. The axis is slender, encircled by a
strongly serrate, thin lamella. Specimens measure :

Length 21, diam. 3.8 mm. ; whorls 12.

Length 22.5, diam. 3.7 mm. ; whorls 14.

Length 18, diam. 3.7 mm. ; whorls

120. U. CRENULATA (Gundlach). PL 55, figs. 3, 4.

Shell cylindric-conic, rimate, subdiaphanous, glossy, trun-
cate; obsoletely and remotely striate; pale fulvous, a little
marbled with ashy-white, and having a narrow thread-like
reddish basal band. Whorls 17, a little convex, the last
sculptured with stronger striae and subcarinate. Suture
subcrenulate. Aperture oval, subvertical, slightly contracted

242 UROCOPTIS, S. G. GONGYLOSTOMA.

by the columellar fold; peristonie thin, expanded, the upper
margin adnate to the preceding whorl. Length 24, diam.
4 nim. ; varies to smaller diameter (Gundlach).

Western Cuba: Mt. Guajaybon, prov. Pinar del Rio, on
trees and rocks.

Cyl. crenulata GUNDL., Malak. Bl., iii, 1857, p. 42. PFR.,
Monogr., vi, p. 358 ; Novit. Conch., p. 454, pi. 100, f . 4, 5-
ARANGO, Contrib.. p. 105.

Pfeiffer finally considered this a variety of U. acus, but
Arango retains it distinct. The thread-carinate rather than
strongly carinate base is unlike acus, and it is apparently
nearer U. adnata. I have not seen specimens.

Pfeiffer describes it thus: "Shell subarcuate-rimate, cylin-
dric-turreted, entire or shortly truncate, thin, arcuate-stri-
atulate, pale corneous. Spire long, noticeably tapering above,
the vertex rather acute ; suture distinctly crenulate. Whorls
20 in an entire specimen, a little convex, the last costulate,
marked with a reddish line, and a thread-like carina below
it, not free in front. Aperture a little oblique, rounded-oval ;
columella subplicate ; peristome thin, expanded, and appressed
to the preceding whorl or nearly interrupted. Length 26,
diam 5 mm. ; apert. 4% mm. long. ' '

The figures are from Pfeiffer's, and doubtless represent
an authentic specimen.

121. U. ACUS (Pfeiffer). PI. 55, figs. 93, 94.

Shell very shortly rimate, slenderly cylindric or pillar-
shaped, the upper third slowly tapering to a narrow trun-
cation; thin, pale corneous. Surface glossy, smooth except
below the suture, where it is coarsely striate, the last whorl
becoming rib-striate, the riblets rather widely spaced.
Whorls somewhat convex, the last not free in front, the base
defined by a strong, cord-like keel, crenulated by the striae.
Aperture irregularly rounded, the peristome expanded, con-
tinuous across but adnate to the parietal margin. Colu-
mellar fold emerging, obliquely truncate below. Axis slen-
der, somewhat sinuous, encircled by a thin, serrate lamella
near the base in each whorl.

UROCOPTIS, S. G. GONGYLOSTOMA. 243

Length 24, diam. 3.5 mm. ; whorls 16.

Length 18.2, diam. 2.8 mm. ; whorls 16.

Length 24-26, diam. 3.5 mm.; whorls 18-19 (Pfr., types).

Western Cuba: Plantation Cayajabos or Callajabas, dis-
trict of Artemisa (E. Otto, type locality) ; Loma del Cuzco
(Gundjach) ; Candelaria (Arango), all in prov. Pinar del Rio.

Cyl acus PFR., Symbol* ad Hist. Hel., i, p. 47 (1841) ;
in Philippi, Abbild., i, p. 182, pi. 1, f . 8 ; Conchyl. Cab., p. 66,
pi. 7, f. 16-18; Malak. BL, i, 1854, p. 213; ii, 1855, p. 179;
Monogr., ii, p. 383; iii, 579; iv, 711; vi, 359. GUNDLACH,
Malak. BL, iv, 1857, p. 46. SOWERBY, C. Icon., xx, pi. 7,
f. 62. ARANGO, Contrib., p. 105.

The special differentiation of this species is the strong
basal keel.

122. U. THOMSONI (Arango). PI. 55, figs. 90, 91, 92.

Shell very shortly rimate, cylindric or pillar-shaped, the
upper third slowly tapering to the narrow truncation ; thin,
corneous ; surface shining, subregulaiiy and strongly, ob-
liquely rib-striate, the riblets rounded, narrower than the
intervals, becoming better defined and thread-like on the last
whorl. Whorls somewhat convex, the last barely free in
front, rounded beneath, and girt with a reddish band, some-
times very faint. Aperture round-oval, the peristome con-
tinuous, shortly free above, expanded. Columella obliquely
truncate. Axis slender, somewhat sinuous, encircled by a
thin basal lamella serrate with long teeth.

Length 21.6, diam. 4.7 mm.; whorls 12 (plug at 10).

Length 17, diam. 3.7 mm. ; whorls 11.

Western Cuba: "La Jagua' : (Sierra la Jagua), near La
Palma, Pinar del Rio (Arango, type loc.).

Cyl. thomsoni ARANGO, Proc. A. N. S. Phila. 1884, p. 212,
fig. 3 (Nov. 4, 1884) . CROSSE, Journ. de Conchyl., 1890, p.
223, pi. 4, f. 4.

Near U. acus and U. decolorata, but strongly rib-striate.
A specimen with the apex perfect has 14 whorls, according
to Arango. Figured from a cotype.

244 UROCOPTIS, S. G. GONGYLOSTOMA.

123. U. COLORATA (Arango). PI. 56, figs. 29, 30, 31.

Shell shortly rimate, cylindric, the upper half tapering
slowly to the rather narrow truncation, thin, corneous, some-
what translucent, encircled near the base of the last whorl
with a red-brown band, which ascends above the suture.
Surface glossy, irregularly wrinkle-striate, the strige coarser
below the suture, then often splitting or branching; stronger
and narrower on the latter half of the last whorl. Whorls
but slightly convex, the last somewhat carinate basally in
front, the keel becoming obsolete on the latter half; not free
in front. Aperture subcircular, the peristome expanded,
continuous, barely free above or very shortly adiiate. Axis
with a thin, deeply incised, serrate lamella.

Length 23, diam. 4.8 mm. ; whorls 11.

Length 21, diam. 4.2 mm. ; whorls 12.

Western Cuba: La Chorrera, Pinar del Rio.

Cyl. colorata ARANGO, Proc. Acad. N. S. Phila. 1882, p. 106
(June 27, 1882) : . 1884, p. 212, f. 5. CROSSE, J. de C., 1890,
p. 223, pi. 4, f. 2.

U. thomsoni and U. decolorata and U. adnata are narrower
shells, the former one being probably the most closely related
to colorata. U. assimilis has more clearly-cut stria? and a
different coloration.

124. U. ARCUSTRIATA ('Wright' Pfr.). PI. 56, figs. 24, 25.
Shell shortly rimate, cylindric, the upper half slowly

tapering to a truncation somewhat less than one-half the
diam. of the shell; moderately solid; whitish with a purple-
brown basal band, sometimes showing a little along the suture.
Nearly lustreless, closely, finely and regularly striate, the
striae arcuate, as wide as tlie intervals; a little more spaced
on the latter part of the last whorl. Whorls convex, the last
broadly rounded beneath, not free in front. Aperture cir-
cular, the peristome expanded, continuous, touching the pre-
ceding whorl above, or barely free. Columella strongly ob-
liquely truncate below. Axis encircled by a basal thin lamella,
very deeply cut into long teeth.

UROCOPTIS, S. G. GONGYLOSTOMA. 245

Length 24, diam. 6.7 mni. ; whorls 9.

Length 23, diam. 7.2 mm. ; whorls 8y 2 .

Length 20, diam. 5.7 mm. ; whorls 8Vi>-

Length 21, diam. 7 mm.; whorls 9 (Pfr., type).

Western Cuba: Between Caiguanabo and Chorrera
(Wright, type loc.) ; San Andres, near Vinales, Pan de
Azucar (Wright), all in prov. Pinar del Rio.

Cyl. arcustriata Wright, PFR., Mai. Bl., xi, 1863, p. 3, no.
44; Novit. Conch., p. 259, pi. 65, f. 5-7; Monogr., vi, p. 369.-
ARANGO, Contrib., p. 112.

Wide for its length, approaching the contour of the Jamai-
can Cylindrellas. Specimens before me from the three locali-
ties agree in all respects. It is wider and more finely striate
than U. assimilis.

125. U. ASSIMILIS (Arango). PL 56, figs. 26, 27, 28.

Shell cylindric, slowly tapering above, whitish with a
purple-brown basal band, narrowly showing at the suture.
Somewhat shining, rib-striate, the riblets much coarser than
in U. arcustriata, about half as wide as the intervals, more
widely spaced on the latter half of the last whorl, as usual.
Whorls slightly convex, the last rounded below, very shortly
free in front. Aperture subcircular, the peristome expanded,
continuous, free above. Columellar fold emerging nearly to
the lip. Axial lamella deeply cut into strong, thin teeth
(pi. 55, fig. 99) .

Length 21.5, diam. 5.4 mm. ; whorls 9!/2.

Length 24, diam. 5.6 mm. ; whorls 10.

Length 23-26, diam. 6 mm. ; whorls 12 in an entire shell
(Arango).

Western Cuba: La Jagua, near La Palma, Pinar del Rio
(Arango).

Cyl. assimilis ARANGO, Proc. A. N. S. Phila. 1884, p. 211,
fig. 2 (Nov. 4, 1884) . CROSSE, J. de C., 1890, p. 223, pi. 4, f. 1.

Near U. arcustriata, but more cylindrical, with coarser,
more widely spaced riblets, and slightly more free last whorl.

246 UROCOPTIS, S. G. GONGYLOSTOMA.

Group of U. coerulans.

Shell moderately stout, truncate, variegated with white on
a corneous or brown ground, the aperture usually brownish
within, basal keel obsolete; axis with one or two spiral
lamellae, the lower denticulate, at least above ; a row of whit-
ish subsutural beads developed. Western Cuba.

Key to Species.

I. Axis encircled by a single, sub-basal lamella.

1. Length 20 to 21, diam. 4.5 to 5.5 mm.; whorls
11-12 ; solid, brown and white, regularly rib-striate ;
axis weakly spiral above the lamella.

U. coerulans, no. 135.

2. Length 14 to 15.5 x 4.3 to 4.6 mm. ; whorls 8 to 9 ;
otherwise like U. coerulans. U. c. incerta, no. 135a.

3. Length 13 to 15, diam. 3.3 to 4 mm. ; whorls 10y 2
to Iiy 2 ; corneous variegated with cream- white ;

whitish spaced riblets. U. discors, no. 130.

4. Length 11 to 14, diam. 2.5 mm. ; like variegata, but
with more remote riblets. V. canteroiana, no. 136.

5. Length 9.5 to 11, diam. 2.5 to 3 mm.; whorls 7y 2
to 8!/2 ; riblets few and irregular, suture with
curved, hook-like nodes ; axis somewhat spiral above
the lamella. U. unguiculata, no. 129.

6. Length 9 to 10.3, diam. 2.2 to 2.3 mm.; whorls 8
to 9!/2 ; brownish with white streaks and some white
sutural nodes, nearly smooth or sparsely ribbed.

U. gonzalezi, no. 127.

7. Length 11 to 12, diam. 2.5 to 2.7 mm. ; brown, some-
times variegated with white, and having regular,
white sutural beads; the surface closely striate.

U. joaquini, no. 128.

II. Axis with two subequal lamellce above the middle of the
shell, one in the lower whorls, the axis often weakly
spiral above it.

1. Shell finely striate, with small, regular subsutural
beads; length 12 to 15, diam. 3 to 3.2 mm.; whorls
9 to 10y 2 . U. afflnis, no. 132.

UROCOPTIS, S. G. GONGYLOSTOMA. 247

2. Sculptured with spaced rib-striae.

a. Length 10.4 to 13, diam. 3.5 to 3.7 mm. ; whorls

1^/2 to 9 l / 3 . U. d. lagunillensis, no. 130a.

&. More slender, with more whorls; length 12.2

to 15.5, diam. 2.7 to 3 mm. ; whorls 10y 2 to 12.

U. diaphana, no. 131.
III. Axis with two subequal lamellte.

1. Slender, length 12 to 16, diarn. 2.7 mm. ; smooth or
sparsely, irregularly ribbed, the long, descending
neck ribbed; suture sparsely white-beaded.

U. hidalgoi, no. 126.

2. Length 12, diam. 3.5 mm. ; whorls 10-11 ; distinctly
arcuately striate. U. heynemanni, no. 133.

3. Stouter, the diam. one-fourth the length, 13 to 15
x 4 to 5 mm., with 7 to 8 whorls ; finely striate.

U. obliqua, no. 134.

126: U. HIDALGOI (Arango). PI. 54, figs. 78, 79.

Shell cylindric or somewhat swollen in the middle, slightly
tapering to the wide truncation; thin, brownish, translucent,
marked with few or many longitudinal opaque ivhite streaks,
and with small \vhite beads irregularly strung along below
the suture, usually obsolete on the later whorls. Surface
glossy, nearly smooth, the latter half of the last tvhorl sculp-
tured ivith narrow, wide-spaced riblets. Whorls slightly con-
vex, the last becoming free, with a long, rounded, descending
neck, which is very indistinctly angular beneath, and has an
axial groove above. Aperture rounded, slightly narrower
above, light chestnut-brown inside, the white lip rather widely
reflexed. Axis encircled by two subequal lamella?, the lower
one minutely spinose.

Length 12, diam. 2.7 mm. ; whorls

V Cerro de Cabras.
Length 16, diam. 2.7 mm. ; whorls

Length 15-16, diam. 2.5 mm.; whorls 9-12 (Arango).

Western Cuba: Bebedero, in Pinar del Rio (type loc.) ;
Cerro de Cabras, Pinar del Rio (Arango).

Cyl. hidalgoi ARANGO, Contrib., p. 107. CROSSE, Journ. de
Conch., 1890, p. 217, pi. 4, f. 3, a, b.

248 UROCOPTIS, S. G. GONGYLOSTOMA.

Distinct by its smooth surface, white streaks, the long,
costulate neck, and wide lip. The specimens figured are
from Cerro de Cabras, received from Arango.

Var. BREVICERVIX Pils., n. v. PL 57, fig. 44.

Shell shorter than U. hidalgoi, the last whorl hardly de-
scending, the neck short; surface almost lustreless, sparsely
and irregularly, obliquely ribbed, and with conspicuous sub-
sritural whitish nodes; the neck ribbed as in hidalgoi. Aper-
ture brown within. Axis bilamellate, the lamellae about
equal.

Length 12, diam. 2.7 mm.; whorls 9^2-

Length 11.2, diam. 2.7 mm. ; whorls 8y 2 .

Pinar del Rio: "Mogotes del Cerro de Cabras," on the
plantation "Vega de Curull" (Arango).

Cyl. hidalgoi var., ARANGO, Contrib., p. 277.

The axis is similar to that of U. hidalgoi, bearing two sub-
equal lamellae in all the whorls but the last one.

127. U. GONZALEZ: Pilsbry, n. sp. PI. 57, fig. 43.

Shell small, tapering from the last or the penult, whorl to
the rather wide apical truncation, glossy, brown-corneous,
subtransparent, splashed with milk-white in streaks. Smooth,
with some irregular wrinkles or a few very wide-spaced rib-
lets, the latter half of the last whorl ribbed. Suture crenate
with white nodes. Whorls convex, the last shortly free, only
slightly descending. Aperture rounded, the white lip flatly
reflexed. Axis slender, encircled by a single, thin, sub-basal
lamella.

Length 10.3, diam. 2.3 mm. ; whorls 9y 2 .

Length 9, diam. 2.2 mm. ; whorls 8.

Ceja de Poncio, Pinar del Rio (Arango).

Similar to U. hidalgoi, but more tapering, with the neck
short, and having only one axial lamella.

128. U. JOAQUINI Pilsbry, n. sp. PI. 64, figs. 5, 6.

Shell subcylindric, slowly tapering above to a wide trun-
cation, thin, brown, either uniform or with white patches or

UROCOPTIS, S. G. GONGYLOSTOMA. 249

streaks, the suture bordered below with a regular row of
white beads. Surface glossy, closely and regularly striate.
Whorls convex, the last produced in a neck which is white
above, shorter and less descending than in U. hidalgoi. No
basal keel. Aperture subcircular, brownish inside, the peri-
stome thin, white, and expanded. Axis slender, straight,
encircled by a single sub-basal, rather remotely dentate
lamella.

Length 12, diam. 2.7 mm. ; whorls 8%.

Length 11, diam. 2.5 mm. ; whorls 8%.

Western Cuba: Pinar del Rio (Wright).

This species belongs to the group of U. hidalgoi, differing
from that form in sculpture, the single axial lamella and the
shorter neck. It is larger than U. gonzalezi, and more finely
sculptured. A small group of closely related forms consists
of the species joaquini, gonzalezi, hidalgoi and unguiculata.
The types of this species were found among specimens of
U. affinis collected by Wright.

129. U. UNGUICULATA (Arango). PL 57, fig. 52.

Shell turreted, slowly tapering from the last whorl to the
wide truncation, brownish-corneous variegated with white.
Surface glossy, sculptured with a few irregularly and widely
spaced riblets, the latter half of the last whorl ribbed. Su-
ture crenate, the subsutural nodules hook-shaped, the acumi-
' nate upper end of each reaching up and forward. Last
whorl very shortly free, having a low keel beneath. Aper-
ture subcircular, the lip reflexed. Axis having a compressed,
sub-basal lamella, and an indistinctly spiral cord above it.

Length 11, diarn. 3 mm. ; whorls 8y 2 -

Length O^-IO, diam. 2y 2 mm.; whorls 7-8 (Arango, types).

Western Cuba: Around the town of Pinar del Rio
'(Arango).

Cyl. unguiculata ARANGO, Contrib., p. 277 (1880).

Somewhat intermediate between U. hidalgoi and the species
grouping around U. discors; but the bent or hooked sutural
nodes distinguish it, though they are far from conspicuous.
Figured from a cotype.

250 UROCOPTIS, S. G. GONGYLOSTOMA.

130. U. DISCORS (Poey). PL 57, figs. 42, 45.

''Differs from C. variegata Pfr. by the anteriorly less
attenuate shell, more distant riblets and crenulate suture.
Axis spirally one-lamellate" (Poey).

Shell cylindric-fusiform, the upper third or half tapering
to the truncation, thin, corneous, profusely variegated with
cream-whitish. Surface scarcely glossy, sculptured with
whitish riblets, separated by intervals of about three times
their own width, and regularly crenate at the suture by low
whitish nodules, about one to each two riblets. Whorls but
slightly convex, the last shortly free, slightly descending,
weakly carinate below. Aperture rounded, light brown in-
side; peristome white, expanded, subreflexed. Axis straight,
slender, encircled by a single thin, sub-basal lamella.

Length 14.5, diam. 3.3 mm. ; whorls Iiy 2 .

Length 13, diam. 3.4 nun. ; whorls lO 1 /^.

Length 15, diam. 4 mm.; whorls 11 (Pfr).

Western Cuba: Sierra de Guane, prov. Pinar del Bio
(Poey).

Cyl. discors POEY, Memorias, etc., ii, p. 38. PFR., Malak.
Bl., v, 1858, p. 8; Monogr., iv, p. 702; Malak. BL, xi, 1864,
p. 127 (occurrence at Lagunillas). ARANGO, Contrib., p
118.

Very closely related to U. heynemanni and U. diaphana
in external features of the shell, the species being separated
chiefly by details of the structure of the axis.

130 a. Var. lagunillensis Pils., n. var. PI. 57, figs. 47, 49.

Shell rather obese, swollen in the middle, though varying
to subcylindric forms; variegated with cream on a corneous
ground, and with small subsutural beads. Last whorl very
shortly free. Axis rather strong, encircled by two lamella?,
the lower much wider below, the upper lamella being merely
a low thick cord in the penultimate whorl, becoming thinner
and about equal to the lower lamella in the whorls above the
middle.

Length 13, diam. 3.7 mm. ; whorls

UROCOPTIS, S. G. GONGYLOSTOMA. 251

Length 10.4, diam. 3.5 mm. ; whorls

Western Cuba: Lagunillas, in dist. of San Juan y Mar-
tinez, prov. Pinar del Rio (Wright).

Probably the specimens referred by Pfeiffer to U. discors
in Malak. Bl., xi, p. 127, belong to this variety, which differs
from discors chiefly in the more inflated form and in the
development of an upper axial lamella.

131. U. DIAPHANA 'Wright' Pils., n. sp. PL 57, fig. 48.

Shell similar externally to U. discors, but the axis bears
two small subequal lamellae above, the upper one reduced in
the intermediate whorls, where a third small cord is inter-
posed.

Length 15.5, diam. 3 mm. ; whorls 12.

Length 12.2, diam. 2.7 mm.; whorls 10y 2 .

Western Cuba (Wright).

1 Cyl. diapkana Wright, ARANGO, Contrib., p. 117.

Arango gives a confused description of the pillar, and
refers to Pfeiffer, who never described the species, but men-
tions it among the undescribed (Monogr., viii, 449). Crosse
merely quotes Arango 's reference. The above description
is from shells received as Cyl. diaphana from Charles Wright.
Probably it intergrades with discors, the axial structure
being quite variable in Gongylostoma.

132. U. APPINIS (Pfeiffer). PI. 57, fig. 41.

Shell cylindrie, the upper third or half tapering to a wide
or sometimes rather narrow truncation; brownish-corneous
profusely streaked with white, or whitish with corneous
flames; thin. Surface somewhat glossy, finely striate
throughout, the striation coarser on the last whorl, changing
to narrow, sharp riblets on the neck. Suture crenulated by
small, regular, white beads. Whorls slightly convex, the last
free, the neck short or moderately long, slightly descending.
Aperture subvertical, rounded, brown inside, the well ex-
panded lip white. Axis encircled by a compressed lamella
in the lower whorls, serrate in the median and upper whorls,

252 UROCOPTIS, S. G. GONQYLOSTOMA.

a second, upper lamella about equal to the lower, appearing
in the whorls above the middle.

Length 15, diam. 3.2 mm. ; whorls lO 1 /^.

Length 12.5, diam. 3.2 mm. ; whorls 9.

Length 12, diam. 3 mm.; whorls 10 (Pfr., type).

Western Cuba: Hacienda Sumidero, district of Pinar del
Rio ; also Teneria, dist. of Guane, both in prov. Pinar del Rio
(Wright).

Cyl. affinis PFR., Malak. Bl., xi, 1864, p. 127 ; Monogr., vi,
p. 375. ARANGO, Contrib., p. 118.

Similar in general appearance to U. discors, but much more
finely striate.

133. U. HEYNEM4NNI (Pfeiffer). PI. 58, figs. 67, 68.

Shell rather deeply rimate, cylindric-turrete, rather solid,
closely arcuate-striate, variegated corneous and whitish;
spire somewhat swollen in the middle, the apex rather broadly
truncate; suture rather closely white-crenate. Whorls 11,
a little convex, the last shortly free, obsoletely thread-cari-
nate. Aperture a little oblique, subcircular; peristome free,
a little refiexed throughout. Internal column encircled by
two compressed, subequal, parallel lamella?. Length I2,y 2
to 13, diam. 3y 2 mm. (Pfr.).

Western Cuba : La Teneria, in the district of Guane, prov.
Pinar del Rio (Wright).

Cyl. hcynemanni PFR., Malak. Bl., xii, 1865, p. 120;
Monogr., vi, p. 374. ARANGO, Contrib., p. 117.

"Related to C. discors, affinis and albocrenata, but besides
the external characters of the shell, it departs widely from
all of them in the structure of the internal pillar."

Much more slender and smal